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    Basic Concepts of Electric Circuits PDF

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    1) The document discusses basic concepts of electric circuits including the International System of Units used to measure quantities like length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, and luminous intensity. 2) It defines key concepts such as electric charge, electric current, direct current, alternating current, electromotive force (emf), power, and energy. 3) The two types of circuit elements - passive elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors and active elements like generators and batteries - and two kinds of sources - ideal independent and dependent sources - are introduced.

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    Basic Concepts of Electric Circuits PDF

    Uploaded by

    Marco Titor
    124 views5 pages
    1) The document discusses basic concepts of electric circuits including the International System of Units used to measure quantities like length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, and luminous intensity. 2) It defines key concepts such as electric charge, electric current, direct current, alternating current, electromotive force (emf), power, and energy. 3) The two types of circuit elements - passive elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors and active elements like generators and batteries - and two kinds of sources - ideal independent and dependent sources - are introduced.

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    1) The document discusses basic concepts of electric circuits including the International System of Units used to measure quantities like length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, and luminous intensity. 2) It defines key concepts such as electric charge, electric current, direct current, alternating current, electromotive force (emf), power, and energy. 3) The two types of circuit elements - passive elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors and active elements like generators and batteries - and two kinds of sources - ideal independent and dependent sources - are introduced.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    124 views5 pages

    Basic Concepts of Electric Circuits PDF

    Uploaded by

    Marco Titor
    1) The document discusses basic concepts of electric circuits including the International System of Units used to measure quantities like length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, and luminous intensity. 2) It defines key concepts such as electric charge, electric current, direct current, alternating current, electromotive force (emf), power, and energy. 3) The two types of circuit elements - passive elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors and active elements like generators and batteries - and two kinds of sources - ideal independent and dependent sources - are introduced.

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    Basic Concepts of Electric Circuits

    International System of Units (SI)


    • Adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960
    • Based on six defined quantities
    Table 1. The SI Six Basic Quantities
    Quantity Basic Unit Symbol
    Length meter m
    Mass kilogram kg
    Time second s
    Electric Current ampere A
    Thermodynamic Temperature kelvin K
    Luminous Intensity candela cd

    Table 2. The SI Prefixes


    DC CIRCUITS
    Electric circuit – interconnection of electrical elements

    Figure 1. Simple Electric Circuit

    Charge and Current


    Charge (Q or q) – is an electrical property of the atomic particles of matter, measured in
    coulombs (C)

    Electric Charge Fundamentals


    1. There are 6.24 x 10^18 electrons in 1 C of charge.
    2. 1 e = -1.602 x 10^-19 C
    3. The law of conservation of charge states that charge can neither be created nor destroyed,
    it can only be transferred.
    Electric Current (i) – is the rate of flow of charges, measured in amperes (A). 1A = 1 C/s
    𝑑𝑞
    𝑖=
    𝑑𝑡
    Andre-Marie Ampere – French mathematician who defined the electric current and developed a
    way to measure it in 1820s.
    Figure 2. Electric Current due to Flow of Electronic Charge in a Conductor
    Direct Current (DC) – current that remains constant with time

    Figure 3. Direct Current


    Alternating Current (AC) – current that varies sinusoidally with time

    Figure 4. Alternating Current


    Electromotive Force (emf) or Voltage (V)- is the energy required to move a unit charge through
    an element, measured in volts (V). 1V = 1 J/C
    Alessandro Antonio Volta – Italian physicist who invented the electric battery, which provided
    the first continuous flow of electricity

    Figure 4. Two Equivalent Representations of the Same Voltage


    Power – time rate of expending or absorbing energy, measured in watts (W)
    𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼
    where: P = instantaneous power
    V = voltage
    I = current
    Passive sign convention – is satisfied when the current enters through the positive terminal of an
    element and 𝑝 = +𝑣𝑖. If the current enters through the negative terminal , 𝑝 = −𝑣𝑖.
    + 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑑 = −𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑
    Energy – capacity to do work, measured in Joules (J)
    1 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡 − ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 = 3600J
    Circuit Elements
    Element - basic building block of a circuit
    Circuit analysis - process of determining voltages across (or the currents through) the elements of
    the circuit
    Two Types of Elements
    1. Passive elements - not capable of generating energy
    i. resistors
    ii. capacitors
    iii. inductors
    2. Active elements – capable of generating energy
    i. Generators
    ii. Batteries
    iii. operational amplifiers
    Two Kinds of Sources
    1. Ideal Independent Source - active element that provides a specified voltage or current that
    is completely independent of other circuit elements
    2. Ideal Dependent (or Controlled) Source - active element in which the source quantity is
    controlled by another voltage or current

    Exercises
    1. How much charge is represented by 4600 electrons?
    2. The total charge entering a terminal is given by 𝑞 = 5𝑡 sin 4𝜋𝑡 mC. Calculate the current
    at t= 0.5 s.
    3. Determine the total charge entering a terminal between t=1s and t=2s if the current
    passing the terminal is 𝑖 = (3𝑡 2 − 𝑡)𝐴
    4. An energy source forces a constant current of 2A for 10s to flow through the light bulb. If
    2.3 kJ is given off in the form of light and heat energy, calculate the voltage drop across
    the bulb.
    5. Find the power delivered to an element at t=3ms if the current entering its positive
    terminal is 𝑖 = 5 cos 60𝜋𝑡 A and voltage is 𝑣 = 3𝑖.
    6. How much energy does a 100W electric bulb consume in two hours?
    7. Calculate the power supplied or absorbed by each element in the figure.

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