vQuestions number 13-16 are based on the text 13.

The word “plethora” is best replaced by,

below. except … (A) Plenty
The Cooper-Eromanga Basins in the north-eastern (B) Profusion (C)
corner of South Australia and south-western Maintain
corner of Queensland is Australia's largest onshore (D) Glut
oil and gas producing region of Australia. But, (E) Overabundance
despite about 60 years of petroleum exploration
and production, this ancient Jurassic volcanic 14. Why does the author mentions “medical CT
underground landscape has gone largely Scanning” in paragraph 2?
unnoticed. (A) To correlate how the subsurface imaging
Published in the journal Gondwana Research, the techniques works into the earth
researchers used advanced subsurface imaging (B) To compare volcanic craters and lava
techniques, analogous to medical CT scanning, to flows
identify the plethora of volcanic craters and lava (C) To define what the magma chamber looks
flows, and the deeper magma chambers that fed like beneath the surface
them. They've called the volcanic region the (D) To explain how the volcanic craters works
Warnie Volcanic Province, with a nod to until today
Australian cricket legend Shane Warne. The (E) To give name the volcanic region, Warnie
volcanoes developed in the Jurassic period, Volcanic Province
between 180 and 160 million years ago, and have
been subsequently buried beneath hundreds of 15. The following paragraph of the passage will
meters of sedimentary -- or layered -- rocks. likely talk about …
The Cooper-Eromanga Basins are now a dry and (A) The final discoveries over the basin will
barren landscape but in Jurassic times, the be explored
researchers say, would have been a landscape of
(B) The remarkable volcanic activity beneath
craters and fissures, spewing hot ash and lava into
basin has distinct characteristics
the air, and surrounded by networks of river
(C) The challenges that researches facing to
channels, evolving into large lakes and
find the new oil and gas reserves
coalswamps.
Adapted from :
(D) How the exploration will take on the basin
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/08/19081
3101812.htm
 (B) (C) Because it is linked to the increasing
Questions number 13-16 are based on the text oxygen levels on earth
below. (D) Because its geochemical signature can
Because this time period preceded complex life, revealed the biosphere changes to explain
researchers cannot simply dig up fossils to learn complex history of the earth
what was living 2 billion years ago. Even clues (E) Because it has less oxygen contains that
left behind in mud and rocks can be difficult to the researchers need to identify
uncover and analyze.
Instead, the group turned to barite, a mineral 15. According to the passage, which one of the
collected from the Belcher Islands in Hudson Bay, statements is NOT TRUE about biosphere?
Canada, that encapsulates a record of oxygen in (A) It involved the rising living organisms
the atmosphere. Those samples revealed that about 2.05 billion years ago
Earth experienced huge changes to its biosphere -- (B) It has evolved over the geological time
the part of the planet occupied by living scale
organisms -- ending with an enormous drop in life (C) The part of the earth where living
approximately 2.05 billion years ago that may also organisms can survive
be linked to declining oxygen levels. (D) Its evolution is still investigated using
"The fact that this geochemical signature was geochemical contain preserved in barite
preserved was very surprising," Hodgskiss said. mineral
"What was especially unusual about these barites (E) It has linked to atmosphere study
is that they clearly had a complex history."
Looking at the Earth's productivity through 16. What conclusion does Mr. Erick cites in last
ancient history provides a glimpse into how life is paragraph related to this research?
likely to behave over its entire existence -- in (A) The biosphere has no evidences to be
addition to informing observations of atmospheres proven
on planets outside our solar system.
(B) The evolution of biosphere requires
"The size of the biosphere through geologic time
further analysis and explorations in linked
has always been one of our biggest questions in
the living organisms survivals
studying the history of the Earth," said Erik
(C) The biosphere has no linked to
Sperling, an assistant professor of geological
atmosphere study
sciences at Stanford who was not involved with
(D) The barite mineral is the only evidence in
the study. "This new proxy demonstrates how
explaining oxygen contains at the time
interlinked the biosphere and levels of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are." (E) The researcher is finding new barites in
Adapted from approving its evolutions
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/08/1908281804
37.htm Questions number 17-20 are based on the text
below.
13. The word “encapsulates” in paragraph 2 is When an animal was initially placed in the track,
best replaced by … (A) Appeals it was unsure of what to do and wandered left and
(B) Breaks (C) Covers right until it came across the sugar water. In these
(D) Refuses cases, single neurons were activated when the
(E) Separates mouse took notice of a symbol on the wall. But
over multiple experiences with the track, the
mouse became familiar with it and remembered
the locations of the sugar. As the mouse became
more familiar, more and more neurons were
14. Why is the barite surprising the researcher activated in synchrony by seeing each symbol on
after found it in Hudson Bay? (A) Because it the wall. Essentially, the mouse was recognizing
is formed as a mineral where it was with respect to each unique symbol.
(B) Because its location founded is nearly to To study how memories fade over time, the
where dinosaurs fossils discovered earlier researchers then withheld the mice from the track
for up to 20 days. Upon returning to the track after
this break, mice that had formed strong memories
encoded by higher numbers of neurons
remembered the task quickly. Even though some
neurons showed different activity, the mouse's
memory of the track was clearly identifiable when
analyzing the activity of large groups of neurons.
In other words, using groups of neurons enables
the brain to have redundancy and still recall
memories even if some of the original neurons fall
silent or are damaged.
Gonzalez explains: "Imagine you have a long and
complicated story to tell. In order to preserve the
story, you could tell it to five of your friends and
then occasionally get together with all of them to
re-tell the story and help each other fill in any
gaps that an individual had forgotten.
Additionally, each time you re-tell the story, you
could bring new friends to learn and therefore
help preserve it and strengthen the memory. In an
analogous way, your own neurons help each other
out to encode memories that will persist over
time."
Adapted from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/08/1908231407
29.htm

17. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How somebody can recall his own history
by telling the truth
(B) How the memories constructed and faded
in the brain
(C) How the mouse recalled the track
simultaneously
(D) The effect of over memories undertaken
by the brain
(E) How the mouse can lost its memories after
a break
18. The word “withheld” can best be replaced by 20. The paragraph following the passage will
… likely contain information about…
(A) Expose (A) The way to recall progressively by normal
(B) Hidden aging
(C) Remove (B) The cause of memory loss related to
(D) Convert natural factors
(E) Show (C) The neuron activities persist memories
gradually
19. The It is implied in paragraph two that… (D) The memory loss and its ways to reduce it
(A) The memories will be disoriented after a (E) How to create new memories and lose the
break last one
(B) The memories can be completed by
compiling pieces of story
(C) The mouse hardly remember the track
further
(D) The neurons can lost its activity after no
continuous memories
(E) The groups of neurons formed give higher
repetition to recall memories