Volleyball: History

Renea Joy M.
Arruejo BSN II-D

VOLLEYBALL
History
Volleyball, game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in which
the players use their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to make
the ball touch the court within the opponents’ playing area before it can be returned.
To prevent this a player on the opposing team bats the ball up and toward a teammate
before it touches the court surface—that teammate may then volley it back across the
net or bat it to a third teammate who volleys it across the net. A team is allowed only
three touches of the ball before it must be returned over the net.
Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical director of the
Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was
designed as an indoor sport for businessmen who found the new game of basketball
too vigorous. Morgan called the sport “mintonette,” until a professor from Springfield
College in Massachusetts noted the volleying nature of play and proposed the name of
“volleyball.” The original rules were written by Morgan and printed in the first edition
of the Official Handbook of the Athletic League of the Young Men’s Christian
Associations of North America (1897). The game soon proved to have wide appeal
for both sexes in schools, playgrounds, the armed forces, and other organizations in
the United States, and it was subsequently introduced to other countries.
In 1916 rules were issued jointly by the YMCA and the National Collegiate
Athletic Association (NCAA). The first nationwide tournament in the United States
was conducted by the National YMCA Physical Education Committee in New York
City in 1922. The United States Volleyball Association (USVBA) was formed in
1928 and recognized as the rules-making, governing body in the United States.
Equipments
o Net - one meter long and 9.5 to 10 meter wide. It is tied vertically above the
center line of the court to posts fixed at either sides of the court, at a distance
of one meter from the sidelines. The center of the net should lie 2.43 meter
above the ground for men and 2.24 meter for women. At the sides the net may
be higher by a maximum of 2cm, however it should be tied at the same height
at both the posts.
o Volleyball Court- The court diagram shows the official volleyball indoor
specifications. The official indoor court dimension is 9 meters by 18 meters
with attack line 3 meters from the center line.
o Antenna - a vertical rod that is located on the top of each end of the volleyball
net. The two vertical rods are usually red and white in color and are mounted
on the ends of the net, above the sidelines and not in-play. The antennas are
usually only used for indoor play and not on outdoor nets.
Rules
 Scoring. The first team to reach 25 points and by at least two points wins a set.
Matches are usually the best-of-three or best-of-five sets. The offense scores
on a defensive miss or out-of-bounds hit, while the defense scores on an
offensive miss, out-of-bounds hit or serve that goes into the net. A team also
can score if the opposing team commits a penalty.To win the game you must
score more points than your opponents. The best of 3 or 5 sets are generally
played and the winners will be the first team to reach the required number of
sets.
 The ball can be hit up to three times per side (in addition to blocking) before it
must go over the net. A fourth hit is not allowed
 If two or more teammates contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one
play. Neither player, however, may touch the ball again until another
teammate touches it.
 A volleyball player can serve underhand or overhand, but can’t step over the
end line until after contacting the ball. The serve (or any volleyball hit) can
graze the net as it goes over the net.
 The volleyball serve must first be hit by the opposing team with a bump, or
underarm pass, before it is can be hit with a set, block or attacking shot.
 A team will rotate one spot in a clockwise manner each time it regains the
volleyball serve from the opposing team.
 The volleyball can be played off the net on a serve or during a volley.
 A volleyball player can’t reach over the net except on a follow-through or to
make a block (and only after the opponent contacts the ball). A player’s body
can go under the net as long as it doesn’t interfere with the opposing team.
 Players can switch positions during a rally.
 The ball is in play if it lands on a sideline or end line.
Violations
 When serving, stepping on or across the service line as you make contact

with the serve
 Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully
 Contacting the ball illegally (lifting, carrying, throwing, etc. )
 Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in
play. Exception: If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes
the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall
continue to be in play.
 When blocking a ball coming from the opponents court, contacting the ball
when reaching over the net is a violation if both:
1) your opponent hasn't used 3 contacts AND
2) they have a player there to make a play on the ball
 When attacking a ball coming from the opponents court, contacting the ball
whenreaching over the net is a violation if the ball hasn't yet broken the
vertical plane of the net.
 Crossing the court centerline with any part of your body. Exception: if it's
the hand or foot, the entire hand or entire foot must cross for it to be a
violation.
 Serving out of order.
 Back row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from their opponent),
when at the moment of contact the back row player is near the net and has part
of his/her body above the top of the net (an illegal block).
 Back row player attacking a ball inside the front zone ( the area inside the 10
foot line), when at the moment of contact the ball is completely above the net
(an illegal attack).
Reference:
https://www.strength-and-power-for-volleyball.com/basic-volleyball-rules.html
https://www.britannica.com/sports/volleyball/The-game
https://www.theartofcoachingvolleyball.com/basic-volleyball-rules-and-terminology/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/volleyball/volleyball_equipment.htm
https://www.sportslingo.com/sports-glossary/a/antenna/
https://www.rulesofsport.com/sports/volleyball.html
BADMINTON
History
Badminton is considered one of the most ancient games known today. It derives
from the battledore and shuttlecock game which was played in Ancient Greece, India,
Japan, China, and even in several African countries. The essence of the game was to
throw a special shuttlecock with a racket.
India is considered to be the birthplace of badminton. In this country, the
prototype of the modern badminton appeared, it was the "Poona" game. Later, the
sailors brought this game to England, where the game gradually began to gain its
popularity. We owe the badminton in the form in which it exists now to English Duke
of Beaufort. In 1973, while returning to his estate called Badminton House from a
business trip in India, Duke of Beaufort brought the equipment for playing the
"Poona" game with him. Soon he involved his numerous relatives and the surrounding
aristocrats in playing the game. Badminton House became the center of its
development and popularization, and the game got its current name "badminton.
In 1934, the International Badminton Federation was created. This organization
included Canada, Denmark, France, England, the Netherlands, Ireland, Scotland, New
Zealand, and Wales. Under its guidance since 1947, the world badminton
championships for men (Thomas Cup) started being held.
In 1992, badminton was included in the program of the Olympic Games. Since
then, the popularity of badminton has been only growing in the world. It became
especially popular in the countries of Southeast Asia.
Currently, badminton is dominated by the Asian athletes (China, the Republic of
Korea, Indonesia), who win up to 90% of the medals at the world championships.
Rules
According to the rules of badminton before the start of the game, there is always
a draw, which determines the parties and their right of the first serve.
At the first serve, the shuttlecock must be hit from the bottom and the racket must
not rise above the server's belt. The use of fraudulent and false actions is allowed
during such a serving. After serving, the players are free to move around their area,
but touching the net is strictly prohibited.
The maximum number of games that may constitute a match is three. Each game
is won by a player or the team that scores 21 points. With the score of 20-20, one
needs to score 2 points, and with a score of 29-29, it is enough to score one point.
A change of the sides occurs in the following situations:
 After the end of the first game;
 Before the third game (if it is supposed to take place);
 After 11 points in the third game.
In each of the games, breaks are possible, but they should not last more than 1
minute. Also, they should occur provided that one of the sides scores 11 points.
Breaks between games last 2 minutes.
Badminton Court Dimensions and Net Height

Badminton court has a rectangular shape. The overall dimensions of a badminton
court is 20 feet by 44 feet. For a doubles game, the width of the court should be 20
feet. The net is installed at a height of 5.1 feet; the height of the net in the center is 5
(when it is sagging). The net is limited above by a strip of 0.25 feet, which is folded in
half.
Another integral part of the court is the markup. The width of the marking lines is
4 centimeters. At a distance of 6.5 feet from the grid, there is the service line.
Between the service line and the back line, there is the service zone. The central line
divides the service zone into the right and the left areas.
Equipments
o Badminton rackets- Originally, the rackets were made of wood. Modern
racquets are made of different materials including carbon fiber, aluminum,
steel or titanium. The weight of the racket is approximately 70-100 grams.
Most professional players use special wrapping on the racket handle ("grip"),
which helps the athletes to achieve the best control while holding the racket.
o Shuttlecock- There are two types of shuttlecocks: plastic ones and the ones
with natural feathers. Plastic shuttlecocks are more suitable for amateurs and
some types of training. As a rule, the standard for competitions and training of
professional athletes are feather shuttlecocks. A plastic shuttlecock consists of
a cork or synthetic head and a plastic "skirt" attached to it. The feather
shuttlecock is made of 16 goose feathers and a cork head covered with fine
husky leather. Feathers are glued into the holes around the circumference of
the head. They are tied with thread, and the thread is also glued. The weight of
the shuttlecock is about 5 grams.
o Badminton shoes. Badminton shoes have serious lateral support of the ankle,
which prevents the ankles from tucking in with a sharp change of direction
and lunges.
Reference:
https://sport-wiki.org/sports/badminton/
Sports has been part of life for most people living here in the planet for some its a
form of competition, it may be a way of leisure ,It can be path for healthy living well
everybody has their own reason why they engage themselves in sports.
In my 19 years of living sports create an impact to me that no other activity can
give, I admit to myself that I am not into most sports not like any teenager out there
who has the skills and courage to slam like a basketball, or volley a volleyball, i have
a low stamina and my body isn’t compatible playing extreme, but I did board games
in my elementary days, and it was fun it doesn’t consume much stamina and its very
enjoying and I created friends, it was one of the reason why I met a lot of people
during my early days, but for the future me, well one can only force me to play
extreme sports when it comes to physical education class where in grade is required, I
have no choice but to engage myself, at first I was nervous because I don’t know how
to play, like playing volleyball but now I still don’t know how to play, but I know I’m
not the only one and it makes me feel less anxious knowing it, when I played
volleyball I was focus on the rules and winning but as the game goes through it made
me realize that we shouldn’t only focus on the winning part, we must also enjoy the
game, and at that moment I know to myself that even if I doesn’t have the skills and
body to play extreme sports, I enjoyed engaging myself in to one.
Some people think that sports only favor the ones who are winning that it can
only be played by the ones who knows it and the ones who are good with but for me
what truly wins the game are the once enjoying it and giving it their all. Sports is for
everybody for weak people and the strong ones.

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Renea Joy M.

Arruejo BSN II-D

 When serving, stepping on or across the service line as you make contact

Badminton Court Dimensions and Net Height

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