T1 eMPU3313 May2020

WELCOME - eTutorial 1
MPU3313
HEALTH & WELLNESS
- Topic 1
Mr Rames Prasath
mrprai@yahoo.com
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this topic, you should be able to:
1) Differentiate between health and wellness;
2) Describe the characteristics of a healthy lifestyle;
3) Identify the personal responsibilities for attaining and
maintaining health and wellness in an individual;
4) Identify factors which characterise the health and
wellness state of an individual;
5) Summarise the benefits of a comprehensive health and
wellness lifestyle
2
Introduction
• Greetings are projections of wishes for safety, security,
spirituality, good health, abundant wealth and lots of
happiness. .e.g. selamat pagi, salam sejahtera, good
luck, best wishes..etc.
– We can observe that the well-being of a person is actually
contingent on a combination of factors.
3
What is Health?
• ‘Health’ can be defined as the state of complete physical
health, mental health and social well-being, and not merely
the absence of illness and infirmity. ....WHO (1947)
• There are several dimensions that can affect the health of a
person.
– Donatelle, Snow and Wilcox (1999) state that a vigorous balance
between the social, physical, psychological, intellectual,
environmental and spiritual dimensions are important for health
of a person.
• Today, health status is regarded as a dynamic balance

between the various dimensions that is very much
dependant on personal choices.
4
What is Wellness?...
• ‘Wellness’ is a
commitment within
personal limitations and
potentials, to continual
striving to attain and
optimize current health
status.
5
…What is Wellness?
• The concept of ‘Wellness’ was refined in the early 1970s
to represent individual efforts to improve the existing
state of personal health.
–‘Wellness’ is an active process of

awareness & efforts taken by a person to
achieve a healthier state of being in
life…Dunn (1977)
6
Comparing Health & Wellness
• Subtle differences between the concept of ‘health’ &
‘wellness’.
– Health is a state of well-being at a particular moment based
on the ability of an individual to perform basic activities of
daily living.
– Wellness is an active process through which a person

becomes aware of personal limitations and yet makes
conscious choices to gain more independence from the
constraints for his or her contentment.
7
What is a Healthy Lifestyle?
• A healthy lifestyle offers a choice of living behaviours
which maximise the state of wellness and decrease
risk of illness and premature death.
Choices for leading a healthy

lifestyle can be influenced by
a multitude of personal
factors as well as external
influences.
8
Examples of Healthy Lifestyle Choices
1) Eating a well-balanced and 9) Avoidance of smoking, alcohol

nourishing diet; and abuse of recreational drugs;
2) Maintaining a healthy body weight; 10) Regular health screening for early
3) Regular exercising; detection of health threats;
4) Able to control stress; 11) Prioritising personal safety;
5) Able to manage extreme emotions; 12) Making an effort for continuous

self-improvement;
6) Adequate rest and sleep;
13) Maintaining an optimistic and
7) Maintaining a healthy balance positive outlook at life;
between work and social activities;
14) Being an active advocate for a
8) Engaging in spiritual nourishment healthy environment.
or worship according to one’s faith;
9
Personal Responsibility for Health and Wellness
• A practical approach for maintaining health and wellness

requires people to take personal responsibility for their own
quality of life.
10
(a) Personal Responsibility for Action
• Individuals who strive for optimum health are able to
differentiate between modifiable risk factors and non-
modifiable risk factors that can influence their health status.
Modifiable Risk Factors Non-modifiable Risk Factors
• factors within control of a • factors that are not within

person, whereby he or she the control of a person, such
as increased vulnerability to
can take action to reduce or certain diseases due to
prevent the risks of adverse gender or as a result of
events from occurring, e.g. advancing age.
choosing to refrain from
smoking, healthy diet..etc 11
Guidelines to enhance modifiable
behavioural patterns:
a) Engaging in regular and effective physical exercises;

b) Not smoking or indulging in recreational drugs or alcohol;
c) Eating wholesome nutritious meals;
d) Striking a healthy balance between work, personal, family
and social life;
e) Shunning excessive stressors;
f) Advocacy for health-orientated policies and programmes
within the family and community.
12
(b) Concern for Others
• Societal elements and active participation in community
activities has a strong potential to influence the health and
wellness choices of a person.
• People-centred individuals tend to enjoy a greater sense of
wellness compared to social recluses because:-
• feel an aura of freedom and sense of social connectedness,
• comfortable in adapting to changing situations while remaining

committed to their wellness goals.
• role models for others who may wish to participate in wellness

orientated activities but are shy to do so.
13
(c) Health Awareness and Sound Decision-making
• A high degree of wellness does not happen through ‘quick-fix’

overnight methods, ‘fast-track’ means or just wishing and
being positive about it alone without sustained effort.
• Some people are in a hurry to ‘look fit’ by resorting to shortcuts
from ‘fast-track’ means commercialized in the market.
14
INFLUENCES ON HEALTH AND WELLNESS...
• Certain factors influence people to pursue fitness and to adopt a
healthy lifestyle such as:
a) Predisposing factors: factors that exert influence prior to a
behavior occurring, by increasing or decreasing a person’s
motivation to undertake that particular behavior .
- characteristics that motivate behaviour

towards certain habits or actions such as
knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, self-
efficacy, behavioral intentions, and
existing skills
15
…INFLUENCES ON HEALTH AND WELLNESS
b) Reinforcing factors : are elements that help to promote
and encourage behaviours towards continuation of health
and wellness options in a person’s life..eg. Reminders,
feedback, and support for continuation of the desired
health behavior.
c) Barriers: are obstacles that
prevent the adoption of
healthy lifestyle behaviours.
d) Personal lifestyle: are choices
that influence and motivate
action or delay participation in
improving one’s overall health
and wellness state.
16
BENEFITS OF A COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH
AND WELLNESS LIFESTYLE
17
Activity 1
• Based on your understanding of the definition of
Health by WHO, identify at least one example of
health-related threat to a person, based on each of
the following dimensions:-
– Physical health
– Mental health
– Social wellbeing
Discuss your answers above on the forum...
Activity 2
• Discuss your own efforts and challenges in

trying to maintain the six comprehensive
benefits of a health lifestyle identified above:
Activity -
Personal
Health
History
21
Conclusion
• It is hoped that the understanding gained
from this topic will enrich you intellectually
and at the same time, empower you on a path
of personal health & wellness.
All the best!
22
Thank you
23

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WELCOME - eTutorial 1

• Today, health status is regarded as a dynamic balance

–‘Wellness’ is an active process of

– Wellness is an active process through which a person

Choices for leading a healthy

1) Eating a well-balanced and 9) Avoidance of smoking, alcohol

4) Able to control stress; 11) Prioritising personal safety;

5) Able to manage extreme emotions; 12) Making an effort for continuous

• A practical approach for maintaining health and wellness

Modifiable Risk Factors Non-modifiable Risk Factors

• factors within control of a • factors that are not within

a) Engaging in regular and effective physical exercises;

• comfortable in adapting to changing situations while remaining

• role models for others who may wish to participate in wellness

• A high degree of wellness does not happen through ‘quick-fix’

- characteristics that motivate behaviour

• Discuss your own efforts and challenges in

All the best!

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