PANITIA UTS/UAS

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SUKABUMI

(UMMI)
Jl. R. Syamsudin, S.H. No. 50. Telp 0266-218342, Fax. 0266-218345

SOAL UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER GASAL

TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020 - 2021

Nama : Nenden Sri Wahyuni

NIM : 1930321002
Kode/Mata Kuliah : TOEFL
Semester : 3 (Tiga)
Program Studi : Agribisnis Non Reguler
Dosen Pengampu : Dr. Saprudin, S.S., M.Hum.

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for
standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions
for each type.
Structure
Directions: These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four
words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best
completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the
space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Example:
Pepsin an enzyme used in digestion.
(A) That
(B) Is
(C) Of
(D) Being
This sentence should properly read “Pepsin is an enzyme used in digestion.”
You should fill in B on your answer sheet.

A C D
1. dancer Isadora Duncan played a major role in the revolution in dance that took place in
the early twentieth century.
(A) Because the
(B) The
(C) She was a
(D) Being a

2. Water pressure cracks open small rocks but also breaks great slabs of stone from the faces of
cliffs.
(A) Either
(B) not only
(C) and so
(D) moreover

3. types of guitars: acoustic and electric.

(A) Basically, there are two
(B) Two of the basic
(C) Basically, two
(D) They are two basic

4. Both longitude and latitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds.

(A) Measuring
(B) Measured
(C) Are measured
(D) Being measured

5. New words are constantly being invented new objects and concepts.
(A) to describe
(B) a description of
(C) they describe
(D) describe

6. Modern saw blades are coated with a special plastic.

(A) reduction of friction
(B) reduced-friction
(C) friction is reduced
(D) friction-reducing

7. Bricks baked in a kiln are much harder that are dried in the sun.
(A) those
(B) than do those
(C) than those
(D) ones
8. Exactly humans domesticated is not known.
(A) how
(B) by means of
(C) if
(D) by which

9. Jerome Kern’s most famous work is Showboat, most enduring musical comedies.
(A) it is one of the finest
(B) of the finest one
(C) the finest one
(D) one of the finest

10. snowfield on a mountain slope reaches a depth of about 100 feet, it begins to move
slowly forward under its own weight.
(A) Whenever a
(B) A
(C) that a
(D) should a

11. Most comets have two kinds of tails, one made up of made up of electrically charged
dust, particles called plasma.
(A) one another
(B) the other
(C) other ones
(D) each other

12. By 1820 there were over sixty steamboats on the Mississippi were quite luxurious.
river,
(A) many of them
(B) which many
(C) many of which
(D) many that

13. in 1772, Maryland’s state capitol is still in use and is one of the most attractive
public buildings in the United States.
(A) It was built
(B) Built
(C) To build it
(D) Building

14. Four miles off the southeastern coast of Massachusetts , a popular summer resort.
(A) lies the island of Martha’s Vineyards
(B) the island of Martha’s Vineyard lies there
(C) does lie the island of Martha’s Vineyard
(D) where the island of Martha’s Vineyard lies
 15. Copperplate, a highly ornate form of handwriting, is longer in common use.
(A) not
(B) none
(C)never
(D) no

Written Expression
Direction: The items in this part have four underlined words or phrases. You must identify the one
underlined expression - (A), (B), (C) or (D) –that must be changed for the sentence to be correct. Then fill
in the space on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have selected.

Example:

Lenses may to have either concave or convex shapes.

A B C D
This sentence should read” Lenses may have either concave or convex shapes. You should therefore
select answer (A).

Sample Answer
D
A B C

16. In an essay writing in 1779, Judith sergeant Murray promoted the cause of women’s
education. A B C D
17. A metallic object that is in contact with a magnet becomes a magnet
themselves. A B CD
18. The change from summer to winter occurs very abrupt in the tundra regions of North
America. A B C D
19. In outer space, spacecraft can be maneuvered by means small steering
rocket. A B C D
20. Echoes occur when sound waves strike a smooth surface and bounces
backwards. A B C D
21. A good carpentry must possess a wide variety of
skills. A B C D

22. Grover Cleveland was the only American president which served two nonconsecutive terms.
A B C D
23. The American soprano Mary Gardner, who had one of the greatest operatic voices of her era, retired
A B
at the height of the career.
C D
24. On nights when is the sky clear and the air calm, the Earth’s surface rapidly radiates heat into the
A B C D
atmosphere.

25. Dreams are commonly made up of both visual or verbal images.

A B C D
26. The trap-door spider makes a hole in the ground, lines it with silk and closing it with a hinged door.
A B C D
27. Sleepiness is one symptom of hypothermia, the extreme lost of body heat.
A B C D

28. The flute is the only woodwind instrument that is not done of wood.
A B C D
29. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby is about the pursuit of wealthy, status and love in the
1920s. A B C D

30. Whenever there are red, orange, or brown coloring in sandstone, iron ore is probably
present. A B C D
31. Feathers keep birds warm and dry also enable them to fly.
A B C D
32. Some species of penicillin mold are used to ripe
cheeses. A B C D
33. In about 1920, experimental psychologists have devoted more research to learning than to any
A B C D
other topic.

34. Natural asphalt lakes are find in many parts of the world.
A B C D
35. All living creatures pass on inherited traits from one generation to
other. A B C D
36. Many of the events that led up to the American Revolution took placed in Massachusetts.
A B C D
37. Mass production is the manufacture of machineries and other articles in standard sizes and large
A B C
numbers.
D
38. Not much people realize that apples have been cultivated for over 3,000
years. A B C D
39. The destructive force of running water depends entirely almost on the velocity of its
flow. A B C D
40. The eastern bluebird is considered the most attractive native of North America by many
A B C D
bird-watchers.
 READING COMPREHENSION

DIRECTIONS:
In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. For
questions 101-150, you are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then,
on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of
the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or
implied in that passage.

READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE:

The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to draw attention to the
importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as merchants have set out their wares at daybreak and
communal festivities have been celebrated, people have been in rough agreement with their neighbors as
to the time of day. The value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever. Were it not for public
acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would be unbearably chaotic: the massive daily
transfers of goods, services, and information would proceed in fits and starts; the very fabric of modem
society would begin to unravel.

Example I
What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) In modem society we must make more time for our neighbors.
(B) The traditions of society are timeless.
(C) An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the smooth functioning of society.
(D) Society judges people by the times at which they conduct certain activities.

The main idea of the passage is that societies need to agree about how time is to be measured in order to
function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose (C).

Example II
In line 4, the phrase “this tradition” refers to....
(A) the practice of starting the business day at dawn
(B) friendly relations between neighbors
(C) the railroad’s reliance on time schedules
(D) people’s agreement on the measurement of time

The phrase “this tradition” refers to the preceding clause, “people have been in rough agreement with
their neighbors as to the time of day.” Therefore, you should choose (D).

Now begin work on the questions.

Questions 1-5
A distinctively American architecture began with Frank Lloyd Wright, who had taken to heart the
admonition that form should follow function and who thought of buildings not as separate architectural
entities but as parts of an organic whole that included the land, the community, and the society. In a very
real way the houses of colonial New England and some of the southern plantations had been functional,
but Wright was the first architect to make functionalism the authoritative principle for public as well as
for domestic buildings. As early as 1906 he built the Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, the first of those
churches that did so much to revolutionize ecclesiastical architecture in the United States. Thereafter he
turned his genius to such miscellaneous structures as houses, schools, office buildings, and factories,
among them the famous Larkin Building in Buffalo, New York, and the Johnson Wax Company building
in Racine, Wisconsin.

1. The phrase “taken to heart” in line 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Taken seriously
(B) Criticized
(C) Memorized
(D) Taken offence

2. In what way did Wright’s public buildings differ from most of those built by earlier architects?
(A) They were built on a larger scale.
(B) Their materials came from the southern United States.
(C) They looked more like private homes.
(D) Their designs were based on how they would be used.

3. The author mentions the Unity Temple because, it

(A) was Wright’s first building
(B) influenced the architecture of subsequent churches
(C) demonstrated traditional ecclesiastical architecture
(D) was the largest church Wright ever designed

4. The passage mentions that all of the following structures were built by Wright EXCEPT
(A) factories
(B) public buildings
(C) offices
(D) southern plantations

5. Which of the following statements best reflects one of Frank Lloyd Wright’s architectural principles?
(A) Beautiful design is more important than utility.
(B) Ecclesiastical architecture should be derived from traditional designs.
(C) A building should fit into its surroundings.
(D) The architecture of public buildings does not need to be revolutionary
Questions 6-16
There are two basic types of glaciers, those that flow outward in all directions with little regard for any
underlying terrain and those that are confined by terrain to a particular path.
The first category of glaciers includes those massive blankets that cover whole continents, appropriately
called ice sheets. There must be over 50,000 square kilometers of land covered with ice for the glacier to
qualify as an ice sheet. When portions of an ice sheet spread out over the ocean, they form ice shelves.
About 20,000 years ago the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all the mountains in southern Alaska,
western Canada, and the western United States. It was about 3 kilometers deep at its thickest point in
northern Alberta. Now there are only two sheets left on Earth, those covering Greenland and Antarctica.
Any domelike body of ice that also flows out in all directions but covers less than 50,000 square
kilometers is called an ice cap. Although ice caps are rare nowadays, there are a number in northeastern
Canada, on Baffin Island, and on the Queen Elizabeth Islands.
The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of shapes and sizes generally called mountain
or alpine glaciers. Mountain glaciers are typically identified by the landform that controls their flow. One
form of mountain glacier that resembles an ice cap in that it flows outward in several directions is called
an ice field. The difference between an ice field and an ice cap is subtle. Essentially, the flow of an ice
field is somewhat controlled by surrounding terrain and thus does not have the domelike shape of a cap.
There are several ice fields in the Wrangell. St. Elias, and Chugach mountains of Alaska and northern
British Columbia.
Less spectacular than large ice fields are the most common types of mountain glaciers: the cirque and
valley glaciers. Cirque glaciers are found in depressions in the surface of the land and have a
characteristic circular shape. The ice of valley glaciers, bound by terrain, flows down valleys, curves
around their corners, and falls over cliffs.

6. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Where major glaciers are located
(B) How glaciers shape the land
(C) How glaciers are formed
(D) The different kinds of glaciers

7. The word “massive” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) huge
(B) strange
(C) cold
(D) recent

8. It can be inferred that ice sheets are so named for which of the following reasons?
(A) They are confined to mountain valleys.
(B) They cover large areas of land.
(C) They are thicker in some areas than in others.
(D) They have a characteristic circular shape.
9. According to the passage, ice shelves can be found
(A) covering an entire continent
(B) buried within the mountains
(C) spreading into the ocean
(D) filling deep valleys

10. According to the passage, where was the Cordilleran Ice Sheet thickest?
(A) Alaska
(B) Greenland
(C) Alberta
(D) Antarctica

11. The word “rare” in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) small
(B) unusual
(C) valuable
(D) widespread

12. According to the passage (paragraph 5), ice fields resemble ice caps in which of the following ways?
(A) Their shape
(B) Their flow
(C) Their texture
(D) Their location

13. The word “it” in line 16 refers to

(A) glacier
(B) cap
(C) difference
(D) terrain

14. The word “subtle” in line 17 is closest in meaning to

(A) slight
(B) common
(C) important
(D) measurable

15. All of the following are alpine glaciers EXCEPT

(A) cirque glaciers
(B) ice caps
(C) valley glaciers
(D) ice fields
16. Which of the following types of glaciers does the author use to illustrate the two basic types
of glaciers mentioned in line 1?
(A) Ice fields and cirques
(B) Cirques and alpine glaciers
(C) Ice sheets and ice shelves
(D) Ice sheets and mountain glaciers

Questions 17-26
Tools and hand bones excavated from the Swartkrans cave complex in South Africa suggest that a close
relative of early humans known as Australopithecus robustus may have made and used primitive tools
long before the species became extinct I million Line years ago. It may even have made and used
primitive tools long before humanity’s direct ancestor, Homo habilis, or “handy man,” began doing so.
Homo habilis and its successor, Homo erectus, coexisted with Australopithecus robustus on the plains of
South Africa for more than a million years.
The Swartkrans cave in South Africa has been under excavation since the 1940’s. The earliest fossil-
containing layers of sedimentary rock in the cave date from about 1.9 million years ago and contain
extensive remains of animals, primitive tools, and two or more species of apelike hominids. The key
recent discovery involved bones from the hand of Australopithecus robustus, the first time such bones
have been found.
The most important feature of the Australopithecus robustus hand was the pollical distal thumb tip, the
last bone in the thumb. The bone had an attachment point for a “uniquely human” muscle, the flexor
pollicis longus, that had previously been found only in more recent ancestors. That muscle gave
Australopithecus robustutJ an opposable thumb, a feature that would allow them to grip objects, including
tools. The researchers also found primitive bone and stone implements, especially digging tools, in the
same layers of sediments.
Australopithecus robustus were more heavily built- more “robust” in anthropological terms-than their
successors. They had broad faces, heavy jaws, and massive crushing and grinding teeth that were used for
eating hard fruits, seeds, and fibrous underground plant parts. They walked upright, which would have
allowed them to carry and use tools. Most experts had previously believed that Homo habilis were able to
supplant Australopithecus robustus because the former’s ability to use tools gave them an innate
superiority. The discovery that Australopithecus robustus also used tools means that researchers will have
to seek other explanations for their extinction. Perhaps their reliance on naturally occurring plants led to
their downfall as the climate became drier and cooler, or perhaps Homo habilis, with their bigger brains,
were simply able to make more sophisticated tools.

17. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that all of the following may have made and used
tools EXCEPT.
(A) Australopithecus robustus
(B) Homo erectus
(C) Homo habilis
(D) Australopithecus robustus’ ancestors
18. The word “extensive” in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) numerous
(B) exposed
(C) ancient
(D) valuable

19. Which of the following does the author mention as the most important recent discovery made in
the Swartkrans cave?
(A) Tools
(B) Teeth
(C) Plant fossils
(D) Hand bones

20. What does the third paragraph ‘mainly discuss?

(A) Features of Australopithecus robustus’ hand
(B) Purposes for which hominids used tools
(C) Methods used to determine the age of fossils
(D) Significant plant fossils found in layers of sediment

21. It can be inferred from the description in the last paragraph that Australopithecus robustus was
so named because of the species’
(A) ancestors
(B) thumb
(C) build
(D) diet

22. The word “supplant” in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) exploit
(B) displace
(C) understand
(D) imitate

23. The word “them” in line 23 refers to

(A) tools
(B) Homo habilis
(C) Australopithecus robustus
(D) experts

24. What does the author suggest is unclear about Australopithecus robustus?
(A) Whether they used tools
(B) What they most likely ate
(C) Whether they are closely related to humans
(D) Why they became extinct
25. The phrase “reliance on” in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) impact on
(B) dependence on
(C) tolerance of
(D) discovery of

26. Where in the passage does the author mention the materials from which tools were made?
(A) Lines 7-9
(B) Lines 12-13
(C) Lines 15-17
(D) Lines 21-23

Questions 27-38
The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These hunters had tracked
down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries:
tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there, remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could
be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused
by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by
consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920’s and 1930’s, nutrition
became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters.
In the 1940’s and 1950’s, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health.
They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes
to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function. Now, these enzyme
hunters occupied center stage.
You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking
genes-the blueprints for each of the enzymes-and are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited
diseases-diabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA
technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create
factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for
agriculture. Biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar industry.
In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the
spotlight. When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our
waning century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether the hunters who will occupy the
spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the
functions of the brain: What to call them? The head hunters. I will return to them later.

27. What is the main topic of the passage?

(A) The microbe hunters
(B) The potential of genetic engineering
(C) The progress of modem medical research
(D) The discovery of enzymes
28. The word “which” in line 4 refers to
(A) diseases
(B) microbe
(C) cholera
(D) diphtheria

29. The word “incriminated” in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) investigated
(B) blamed
(C) eliminated
(D) produced

30. Which of the following can be cured by a change in diet?

(A) Tuberculosis
(B) Cholera
(C) Cystic fibrosis
(D) Pellagra

31. The word “strived” in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) failed
(B) tried
(C) experimented
(D) studied

32. How do vitamins influence health?

(A) They are necessary for some enzymes to function.
(B) They protect the body from microbes.
(C) They keep food from spoiling.
(D) They are broken down by cells to produce energy.

33. In the third paragraph, the author compares cells that have been genetically altered by biotechnicians
to
(A) gardens
(B) factories
(C) hunters
(D) spotlights

34. The word “them” in line 16 refers to

(A) cells and plants
(B) hormones
(C) genes
(D) gene hunters or genetic engineers
35. The phrase “occupy the spotlight” in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) receive the most attention
(B) go the furthest
(C) conquer territory
(D) lighten the load

36. The author implies that the most important medical research topic of the future will be
(A) the functions of the brain
(B) inherited diseases
(C) the operation of vitamins
(D) the structure of genes

37. Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in the last paragraph of the passage?
(A) Critical
(B) Speculative
(C) Appreciative
(D) Emotional

38. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?
(A) The focus of medical research will change in the next two decades.
(B) Medical breakthroughs often depend on luck.
(C) Medical research throughout the twentieth century has been dominated by microbe hunters.
(D) Most diseases are caused by defective genes.

Questions 39-50
In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited
in order to develop heavy industry. Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of
machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth. Iron, coal,
and oil-the basic ingredients of industrial growth-were plentiful and needed only the application of
technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor.
One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The
railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider’s web,
with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture,
and their centers of distribution. The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting
these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal.
Many factors influenced emerging modes of production. For example, machine tools, the tools used to
make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century-always with an eye to
speedier production and lower unit costs. The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the
growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors. The increased urban population was
nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new
farm machinery. American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses
for sale to the industrial centers of Europe.
The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas
where people were being displaced by farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part from Europe.
Europe now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe-most of whom were
originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities. The money to finance this
tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part,
but the Americans were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own “money
market.”

39. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The history of railroads in the United States
(B) The major United States industrial centers
(C) Factors that affected industrialization in the United States
(D) The role of agriculture in the nineteenth century

40. The word “ingredients” in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) minerals
(B) products
(C) methods
(D) components

41.Why does the author mention “a spider’s web” in line 8?

(A) To emphasize the railroad’s consumption of oil and coal
(B) To describe the complex structure of the railway system
(C) To explain the problems brought on by railway expansion
(D) To describe the difficulties involved in the distribution of raw materials

42. The word “themselves” in line 10 refers to

(A) sources
(B) centers
(C) railroads
(D) places

43. According to the passage, all of the following were true of railroads in the United States in
the nineteenth century EXCEPT that
(A) they connected important industrial cities
(B) they were necessary to the industrialization process
(C) they were expanded in a short time
(D) they used relatively small quantities of natural resources

44. According to the passage, what was one effect of the improvement of machine tools?
(A) Lower manufacturing costs
(B) Better distribution of goods
(C) More efficient transportation of natural resources
(D) A reduction in industrial jobs
45. According to the passage, who were the biggest consumers of manufactured products?
(A) Railway workers
(B) Farmers
(C) City dwellers
(D) Europeans

46. The word “nourished” in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) protected
(B) fed
(C) housed
(D) paid

47. Which of the following is NOT true of United States farmers in the nineteenth century?
(A) They lost some jobs because of mechanization.
(B) They were unable to produce sufficient food for urban areas.
(C) They raised their productivity by using new machinery.
(D) They sold food to European countries.

48. According to the passage, what did the United States supply to European cities?
(A) Machine tools
(B) Money
(C) Raw materials
(D) Agricultural produce

49. The word “ran” in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) operated
(B) hurried
(C) constructed
(D) owned

50. Where in the passage does the author mention the financial aspect of industrial expansion?
(A) Lines 1-2
(B) Lines 9-11
(C) Lines 17-18
(D) Lines 22-25