NGEE ANN POLYTECHNIC

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DIVISION

MODULE: DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND PROTECTION

EXPERIMENT NO: 6

EXPERIMENT TITLE: Introduction To Power Distribution Protection and Personnel

Safety Requirements.

Objective: 1. To recognize and identify the components of a power distribution

system.

2. To learn, understand and apply the safety requirements when working

with electrical installations.

Equipment: Electrical switchboards and various electrical safety equipments

Procedure: Identification of the components of the power distribution system

(Objective 1)

1. The lecturer or supervisor will identify and explain the functions of the
various components of the power distribution system.

2. As the lecturer or supervisor points out each component to you, record the
details on the answer sheets.

3. You can carry out your own observations and record them accordingly.
Do not operate any equipment.

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Procedure: Safety Requirements
(Objective 2)

1. The lecturer or supervisor will show the various electrical safety

equipments and tools, demonstrate the use of each item.

Tools and Equipment

Electrical workers or personnel must be provided with safety tools and

equipment which include:

1. insulated rubber mats (HV)

2. insulating shoes or boots

3. gloves (of appropriate voltage

rating)

4. goggles

5. insulated tools (LV

rating)

6. delineating tapes (red or yellow colour tapes, or tapes with red/white

stripes)

7. voltage detectors with insulated stick

8. insulating earthing stick

9. insulated phasing sticks (for high

voltage installations)

10. padlocks

11. warning signs

DEDSP Experiment 1 (Oct 2016) 2

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 2. The lecturer or supervisor will explain the various safety procedures
required to ensure that HV switching operation or work can be carried out
in a sub-station or on a switchboard safely.

Safety Procedures For HV Switching Operation

Before carrying out any work in the sub-station or on a switchboard, you
must carry out the following procedures.

Do not carry out any work or open any panel on a High

Voltage Switchboard until the Licensed Electrical Worker
(LEW) in charge of the installation has issued the "permit to
work (PTW)".
1. Identify the work area.

Mark out the work area. Cordon off all "live" equipment by using
delineating tapes to mark these equipment. Place warning signs, e.g.,
"DANGER. EQUIPMENT ALIVE. DO NOT OPEN" on all "live"
equipment.

2. Switch off and withdraw the "bus-coupler".

This is necessary if you have a switchboard with two incoming

supplies and work is carried out on one side of the switchboard only.

3. Switch off and withdraw the circuit breakers (where

applicable).

If circuit breakers cannot be withdrawn, lock the

circuit breaker(s) in the OFF position.

4. Hang a sign marked "DANGER. MEN AT WORK.

DO NOT SWITCH ON" on the circuit breaker.

5. If the power supply company's incoming supply is to be switched off,

the Licensed Electrical Worker must liaise with their switching
engineer and obtain his certification that the supply is OFF before
proceeding further.

6. Check that the equipment is "dead" before

carrying out any work.

Use a voltage detector with the appropriate voltage rating to check the
absence of any voltage.

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 7. Use the earthing stick to discharge any
remaining electrical charges.

Earth the busbars or outgoing cables using the

appropriate earth clamps or the earthing switch
found in high voltage switchboards.

8. The Licensed Electrical Worker in charge of the installation will then

issue a "Permit to Work" to the person carrying out the repair,
servicing or extension works.

9. After work has been completed, the Licensed Electrical Worker (LEW)
will check that the work has been carried out properly and all tools and
waste materials are removed from the switchboard.
Ensure that earthing switch must be switched off or earth clamps must
be removed from the feeder or busbar.
LEW then cancels the "Permit to Work".

10. LEW will liaise with the power supply company's engineer to re-
energise the electricity supply.

All personnel must leave the switchrooms and transformer room

before supply is restored.

11. Before switching on any circuit breaker, check that there are no
personnel working on the circuit or at the other end of the line. Also,
ensure that the equipment at the other end is safe for the restoration of
electricity supply.

12. For low voltage systems, switch on the circuit breaker and
immediately switch it off again. Repeat this procedure before leaving
the circuit breaker in the ON position.

Notes: a) All experiments including the safety requirements are included in your
common tests and examination
b) The Three Golden Rules in HV Safety Procedures
Rule 1 : Identify & Isolate the correct circuit breaker/feeder
Rule 2 : Check zero voltage (dead) for circuit breaker/feeder
Rule 3 : Apply earth to circuit breaker/feeder

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Name: ______________________________________ Student No.: ______________

Class Group: _______________ Date: ____________________

MODULE: DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND PROTECTION

EXPERIMENT NO: 1
EXPERIMENT TITLE: Introduction To Power Distribution Protection and Personnel
Safety Requirements
Observations:
(Objective 1)
1. Switchboards (22kV HV sub-stations A, B, C, D & 400V LV Main Switchboard.)

a. Construction of switchboard

Switchboards are constructed of ________________supported by steel frame.

b. Switching Devices (use notation: CB = circuit breaker, LBS = load breaker switch)
Types of switching devices found at:
400V LV Main Switchboard 22kV Substations(s/s)

1. ___________ circuit breaker 1. ____________ circuit breaker(s/s A & D)

2. ___________ circuit breaker. 2. ____________ circuit breaker(only in s/s A)

3. ___________ circuit breaker. 3. ____________ LBS(s/s B)

4. ____________ circuit breaker(s/s C)

c. Protection Devices
The types of protection devices found at:
400V LV Main Switchboard 22kV Substations(s/s)
1. ___________________ 1. _________________________

2. ___________________ 2. _________________________

3. ___________________ 3. _________________________

4. _________________________

d. Indicating and Measuring Equipment

The types of indicating and measuring equipment (both LV &HV) include:
Indication Measurement
1. ______________________ 1. _________________________

2. ______________________ 2. _________________________

3. ______________________ 3. _________________________

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Observations:
(Objective 1)
2. Power Transformers

a. Types

The two types of transformers are:

1. Transformer No. 1: ____________________________

2. Transformer No. 2: ____________________________

b. Construction

i. Transformer No. 1 (none-hermetically sealed type)

Transformer No. 1 consists of a _______ tank with ________ on the sides.

It has a small cylindrical tank on top. This tank is known as _____________

ii. Transformer No. 2

Transformer No. 2 has a steel ______________ with doors.

Both the high and low voltage ______________ are exposed.

The high voltage windings are connected in __________.

The low voltage windings are connected in ___________with common

star(neutral) point ____________.

c. Protection devices

i. Transformer No. 1(none-hermetically sealed type)

The protection devices found are: 1. ______________________

2. ______________________

3. ______________________

4. ______________________

ii. Transformer No. 2

The protection devices found are: 1. ______________________

2. ______________________

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Observations:
(Objective 2)

1. Safety Requirement

Complete the following Table (Refer to Procedure – Objective 2) for safety equipment.

Function Electrical safety equipment used

Check for zero or no voltage

Provide earthing for equipment like circuit

breaker

2. Safety Procedure

Complete the following Table (Refer to Procedure – Objective 2) for Three Golden Rules.

Rules No 1 - Identify & Isolate Safety procedure no 1 to 5

Rules No 2 - Safety procedure no

Rules No 3 - Safety procedure no

DEDSP Experiment 1 (Oct 2016) 7

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