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    Introduction To Preventive Maintenance

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    TEMIDAYO
    Electrical equipment failures can be prevented through routine preventive maintenance which reduces failure rates and allows management to schedule outages. The document outlines preventive maintenance procedures for various electrical equipment in a power substation, including tests to inspect insulation resistance, winding resistance, turn ratios, contact resistance and timing for items like circuit breakers and transformers. Temperature scans are also taken before and after maintenance to check for issues.

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    Introduction To Preventive Maintenance

    Uploaded by

    TEMIDAYO
    90 views11 pages
    Electrical equipment failures can be prevented through routine preventive maintenance which reduces failure rates and allows management to schedule outages. The document outlines preventive maintenance procedures for various electrical equipment in a power substation, including tests to inspect insulation resistance, winding resistance, turn ratios, contact resistance and timing for items like circuit breakers and transformers. Temperature scans are also taken before and after maintenance to check for issues.

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    Introduction to preventive maintenance

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    Electrical equipment failures can be prevented through routine preventive maintenance which reduces failure rates and allows management to schedule outages. The document outlines preventive maintenance procedures for various electrical equipment in a power substation, including tests to inspect insulation resistance, winding resistance, turn ratios, contact resistance and timing for items like circuit breakers and transformers. Temperature scans are also taken before and after maintenance to check for issues.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    90 views11 pages

    Introduction To Preventive Maintenance

    Uploaded by

    TEMIDAYO
    Electrical equipment failures can be prevented through routine preventive maintenance which reduces failure rates and allows management to schedule outages. The document outlines preventive maintenance procedures for various electrical equipment in a power substation, including tests to inspect insulation resistance, winding resistance, turn ratios, contact resistance and timing for items like circuit breakers and transformers. Temperature scans are also taken before and after maintenance to check for issues.

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    Preventive Maintenance

    GROUP 2

    Introduction

    Electrical equipment failures in the TCN power system network results in damage of equipment and loss in revenue for the company. As the company electrical
    infrastructure continues to age, this problem is only going to worsen unless active steps are taken to counter the trend. Ironically, more than two-thirds of electrical
    system failures can be prevented by a routine preventive maintenance program.
    The failure rate of electrical equipment is three times higher for components that are not part of a scheduled preventive
    maintenance program as compared with those that are. In addition, a planned Preventive Maintenance program allows the Management to schedule the system
    outage at a time of their choosing rather than having to correct major problems resulting from an always untimely failure. Good preventive maintenance planning and
    scheduling also ensures that maintenance is done on the electric power systems and equipment in accordance with accepted industry safety standards
    and work practices.

    Electrical Equipment Details

    1. Power Transformer
    2. Gas Circuit Breaker
    3. Vacuum Circuit Breaker
    4. Disconnecting & Earthing Switch
    5. Current Transformer
    6. Voltage Transformer
    7. Lightning Arrester
    8. Protection Relay
    9. Station Service Transformer
    10. Protection & Control Board
    11. Distribution Board
    12. Bus Bar
    13. Power Cable
    14. Battery & Battery Charger
    15. Grounding
    16. Lightening Arrester/Surge Counter

    Substation Preventive Maintenance

    Preliminary operation before Preventive Maintenance


    1) Visual inspection of electrical equipment inside substation
    2) Thermo-scan an electrical equipment inside substation before and after preventive maintenance

    Thermoscan (Before – After)

    Criteria of temperature of equipment checked should be as indicated below


    - Temperature normal : less than 40 ºC
    - Temperature dangerous : more than 40 ºC

    Preventive Maintenance operations details

    1. Disconnecting & Earthing Switch


    1.1 Electrical Test
    -Insulation Resistance Test
    Insulation resistance test of each pole to ground by energize voltage 2500 Vdc for 1 min with switch open, shall be exceed than 100,000 MΩ

    -Contact Resistance Test


    It will be made across the main contact with switch close by energize 100 Adc, and value compare by factory test should be very less.

    -Operating Interlocking Check


    When ground bar is closed, It should not operate to close with mechanic interlocking.
    2. Lightning Arrester

    2.1 Visual Inspection


    -Support Structure
    -Seal and Body
    -Grounding System
    -Cleaning

    2.2 Electrical Test

    -Insulation Resistance Test: Energize 5,000 Vdc for 1 min on each arrester, phase to ground. The value shall be exceeding more than 100,000 MΩ

    -Counter Operation Test: Verify correct operation of surge counter by input about 100 Vdc (by capacitor 300mF) at top and bottom of surge counter and counter should count up

    - (Optional) DC Hi-Pot Test: Power frequency voltage test on the main circuit for 1 min at lease 62% of maximum test voltage, should have a few difference leakage current of each
    phases

    3. Voltage Transformer & Current Transformer

    3.1 Electrical Test

    - Insulation Resistance Test


    Insulation resistance test of primary winding and secondary winding with respect to ground at voltage 2,500 Vdc for 1 min. The value shall be exceed more than 1,000 MΩ

    - Turn Ratio Test

    Verification check by voltage method, measure a turn ratio of each phase and each tap by energize current following nameplate (such as 1000 A for CT, 150 A for VT) between HV
    and LV in every core Then, read the ratio value from a test instrument in A. analyze the value of turn ratio in the every core, the different value should be very less comparing by
    nameplate shall not deviate more than 0.5%
    4. Voltage Transformer & Current Transformer

    4.1 Electrical Test

    -Winding Resistance Test


    Measure a secondary winding resistance of each phase by energize DC current ( 1 A or 5 A follows its nameplate) between HV and ground in every core at full tap. Receive the
    value of V and calculate to R from a test instrument in Ω and analyze the value, the different value should be very less and/or comparing by factory test

    5. Gas Circuit Breaker (SF6)

    5.1 Electrical Test

    -Insulation Resistance Test


    Insulation resistance test at 5000 Vdc between top and middle, and between middle and case for 1 min, shall be exceed than 100,000 MΩ

    -Contact Resistance Test


    It will be made between the upper fixed contact through the GCB to the lower contact points (top to middle) with GCB close at 100 Adc, the different value should be very less
    comparing by factory test

    -Operating Timing Test


    Energize 125 Vdc at coil for operate GCB to change position to close and open and catch that time in use for compare with factory test.

    6. Gas Insulated Switchgear


    6.1 Visual Inspection

    -Support Structure
    -Seal and Body
    -Motor Charging
    -Cleaning

    6.2 Electrical Test

    - SF6 Pressure System Test


    to measure pressure of each compartments by instrument (IR zero waste SF6 analyzer), compare with its nameplate and gauge (green zone)

    - SF6 Moisture (Dew-Point) and leakage


    to measure dew point by analyzer and refer to moisture inside compartments, shall be less than -30ºC

    -Contact Resistance Test


    It will be made between the upper fixed contact through the CB at 100 Adc (at the terminal box), the different value in µΩ should be very less comparing by factory test

    -Operating Timing Test


    Energize 125 Vdc at coil (in the terminal box) for operate CB to change position to close and open and catch that time in use for compare with factory test.

    -Insulation Resistance Test


    It test between current transformer secondary and ground usually checked by use of megger test at 1000 Vdc (500 Vdc if required) for 1 min shall be exceed than 100,000 MΩ

    -Winding Resistance Test


    Test with multi-meter, measure in Ω.

    -Alarm Circuit Check

    7. Power Transformer

    7.1 Visual Inspection


    -Bushing, Tank and associated device
    -Load Tap-changer
    -Oil Level Check
    -Replace Silica Gel
    -Cleaning

    7.2 Electrical Test


    -Polarization Index Test
    Perform polarization index on each winding
    (primary and secondary shorting 3 phases) to ground. Energize voltage at 2,500 Vdc (about 0.5 ampare) for 1 min and 10 mins. PI should be more than 2.0
    MΩ at 10 mins MΩ at 1 min

    -Winding Resistance Test


    Measure a winding resistance of each phase by energize current 10 Adc between each phase in every primary taps and secondary tap in V and calculate to Ω. Analyze the value
    with each phases in the same tap, the different value should be very less comparing by factory test

    -Turn Ratio Test


    Measure a turn ratio of each phase and each tap by energize voltage 10 Vac (or auto mode) between HV and LV in every tap in V. Analyze the value of turn ratio in the every tap,
    the different value should be very less comparing by nameplate (including phase angle difference in degree)

    -Oil Transformer Test


    By IEC 60156 (ASTM if any) including Dielectric Breakdown Test at both main tank and OLTC.

    Standard Type Gap No. of Test Acceptable


    IEC 60156 Spherical 2.5 mm 6 > 60 kV
    ASTM D877 Plate 2.5 mm 5 > 30 kV
    ASTM D1816 Spherical 2.0 mm 5 > 50 kV

    -Water Content Test


    By ASTM D1533, to sampling transformer oil to test in the laboratory, shall be less than 25 ppm on main tank and less than 40 ppm on OLTC.

    -Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)


    By ASTM D3612, to analyze key gas in transformer oil such as O2 N2 H2 CH4 CO CO2 C2H4 C2H6 C2H2 C3H6 C3H8 of main tank and OLTC.
    -Oil/Winding Temp.
    See a winding temperature at a gauge, shall be in the length of setting
    * Normally Setting Fan : 70 C | Alarm : 95 C | Trip : 105 C

    -Transformer . Fan (Motor/Fan)


    See fan working by simulate all functions refer by temperature (on/off/work at high temp.), shall work by its setting

    8. Protection & Control Board Protection Relay

    8.1 Visual Inspection


    - Seal and Body
    - Setting Relay Recording
    - Cleaning
    - Relay Feature (Operation) Check
    - Digital Multi-meter Check

    Relay in testing
    27/59 – Under/Over Voltage Relay
    50/51G – Instantaneous/Inverse Time Overcurrent Relay
    21 – Distance Relay
    87 – Differential Relay

    9. Switchgear & Bus Bar

    Items
    - Vacuum Circuit Breaker
    - Current Transformer
    - Voltage Transformer
    - Protection Relay
    - Metering
    - Power Cable

    1. Visual Inspection
    - Support Structure
    - Seal and Body
    - Bus Bar Connection
    - Cleaning
    - Motor Charging (VCB)
    - Terminator (Power Cable)
    - Record Setting Relay (Relay)

    2. Electrical Test (VCB)


    - Contact Resistance Test
    - Insulation Resistance Test
    - Operation Timing Test
    - Operation Test

    3. Electrical Test (CT&PT)


    - Winding Resistance Test
    - Insulation Resistance Test
    - Turn Ratio
    - Contact Resistance Test

    4. Electrical Test (Power Cable)


    - Insulation Resistance Test

    5. Electrical Test (Protection Relay)


    - Secondary Injection Test
    10. Station Service Transformer

    Visual Inspection
    - Bushing, Tank and associated device
    - Oil Level Check
    - Cleaning

    Electrical Test

    -Winding Insulation Resistance Test


    Perform insulation resistance and/or polarization index on each winding to ground.
    Recommended minimum DC test voltage at 2500 Vdc for primary and 500 Vdc for secondary.

    -Oil Transformer Test


    By IEC 60156 (ASTM if any) including Dielectric Breakdown Test.

    SCADA SYSTEMS

    - Visual Inspection
    - Cleaning
    - Communication System Test

    11. AC/DC Distribution Board


    - Visual Inspection
    - Cleaning
    - Insulation Resistance Test (Panel)

    Test for 1 min on each bus, phase to ground and phase to phase with input/output off.

    12. Battery & Battery Charger

    12.1 Visual Inspection


    - Seal and Body
    - Cleaning Electrical Test
    - Insulation Resistance Test
    - Charger Operating
    - System Function Check
    - Voltage Battery Cell Check: Measure cell voltage compare by its nameplate and analyze its defect.
    - Impedance Test: Measure cell resistance (impedance) between pole + and pole - in Ω compare by nearby cell and analyze its defect.
    13. Grounding Systems

    13.1 Visual Inspection


    - Grounding System Connection Check
    - Torque at joint Electrical Test
    - Grounding Resistance Test: Performed the test by fall of potential method. The resistance of grounding point should less than 1 ohm.
    - Grounding Continuity Test: Performed the test by two points method. The resistance of ground and another ground should be very less

    A. Insulation Resistance and Polarity Index Test


    1. Prepare a test instrument (such as Megger/MIT515)
    2. Measure an insulation resistance of each core by energize 5,000 Vdc between core and ground for 1 min and 10 mins with switch open
    3. Read the value from a test instrument in MΩ
    4. Measure in every phases and cores, then analyze the value compare by each phase in the same core, the different value should be very less but shall be exceed than
    100,000 MΩ
    5. PI (Polarization Index) is the value of Insulation Resistance at 10 mins divided by at 1 min, shall be above 2.00

    B. Contact Resistance Test

    1. Prepare a test instrument (such as Megger/MOM200A)


    2. Measure a contact resistance of each coil (status close and open) by energize current 100 Adc in every phases
    3. Read the value from a test instrument in µΩ
    4. analyze the value with each phases, the different value should be very less comparing by factory test

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