Module 3

Geometric Relations

What this module is about

This module is about the angles formed by parallel lines (//) cut by a
transversal. You will learn to determine the relation between pairs of angles
formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal and solve problems involving
segments and angles.

What you are expected to learn

This module is designed for you to:

1. identify the angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal.

2. determine the relationship between pairs of angles formed by parallel

lines cut by a transversal:

 alternate interior angles

 alternate exterior angles
 corresponding angles
 angles on the same side of the transversal

3. solve problems using the definition and properties involving

relationships between segments and between angles.

How much do you know

The figure below shows lines m // n with t as transversal.

Name: m
7
8
6 n
1. 4 pairs of corresponding angles 5
3
2. 2 pairs of alternate interior angles 4 2
1
t
 3. 2 pairs of alternate exterior angles
4. 2 pairs of interior angles on the same side of the transversal
5. 2 pairs of exterior angles on the same side of the transversal

Using the same figure:

6. Name all numbered angles congruent to  7.

7. Name all numbered angles congruent to  4.
8. Name all numbered angles supplementary to  8, to  7.
9. Name all numbered angles supplementary to  3, to  4.
10. Name the pairs of equal angles and supplementary angles in the
figure.

B
Given: AB // CD
AD // BC
A

In the figure below,

A
AB  BD,
DF  BD,
1 C
BC // DE B
2

3 D
E 4

11. Is m  2 = m  3? Why?
12.  2 is a complement of _____ and  3 is a complement of
____.

2
 13. Is m  1 + m  2 = m  3 + m  4? Why?

Find the value of x in each of the following figure:

14.

70o

xo 55o

15.

xo

140o

110o

16.
3x

xo

17.

4x

xo

3
In the figure, write down the pairs of parallel lines and the pairs of
congruent angles.

18.
A C B

F
D
E

19. If m  3 = 135, find the measure of each angle in the figure.

1 2 m
4 3

5 6 n
8 7

20. If m  6 = 85, find the measure of each numbered angle in the

figure, a // b and c // d.

6 7 9 10 m
5 8 12 11

4 3 13 14 n
1 2 16 15

d
c
4
 What you will do

Lesson 1

Angles Formed by Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal

In the rectangular solid below, AB and CD are coplanar in plane x. AB

and EF are coplanar in plane y. EF and HF are coplanar in plane z.

G
C
F
B
z
x y
H
D
E
A

Line E intersect AB and CD at two different points. Line E is a transversal

of lines AB and CD.

Definitions:

Coplanar lines are lines that lie in one plane.

Parallel lines are two lines that are coplanar and do not intersect.

Transversal is a line that intersects two or more parallel lines at different

points.
E B
A

C D

5
 Line E intersect AB and CD at 2 different points. Line E is a transversal of
lines AB and CD.

Examples:

1. In the figure, lines AB and CD

1 2
are parallel lines cut by transversal
A 4 3 B
line t. The angles formed are:

Angles 1, 2, 7 and 8 are exterior angles

5 6
Angles 3, 4, 5, and 6 are interior angles C 8 7 D

The pairs of corresponding angles are: t

 1 and 5
 2 and 6
 4 and 8
 3 and 7

The pairs of alternate interior angles are:

 3 and  5
 4 and  6

The pairs of alternate exterior angles are:

 1 and  7
 2 and  8

The pairs of exterior angles on the same side of a transversal (SST) are:

 1 and  8
 2 and  7

The pairs of interior angles on the same side of a transversal (SST) are:

 4 and  5
 3 and  6

2. Given: m // n, s is the transversal. The pairs of angles formed are:

a. Corresponding angles: 3 4 m
6 5
 3 and  9

9 10 n
6 12 11

s
  6 and  12
 4 and  10
 5 and  11

b. Alternate exterior angles

 3 and  11
 4 and  12

c. Alternate interior angles

 6 and  10
 5 and  9

d. Interior angles on the same side of the transversal (SST).

 6 and  9
 5 and  10

e. Exterior angles on the same side of the transversal (SST).

 3 and  12
 4 and  11

3. m // n, t is the transversal.

In the figure, name and identify

he pairs of angles formed: 1 2 m
8 7

9 10 n
12 11
a. Corresponding angles:

 1 and 9 t
 8 and  12
 2 and  10
 7 and  11

b. Alternate interior angles

7
  8 and  10
 7 and  9

c. Alternate exterior angles

 1 and  11
 2 and  12

d. Exterior angles on the same side of the transversal (SST).

 1 and  12
 2 and  11

e. Interior angles on the same side of the transversal (SST).

 8 and  9
 7 and  10

Try this out

1. In the figure, lines g // h and is cut by line k.

4 1 g
3 2

8 5 h
7 6

k
Name and identify the pairs of angles formed

2. In the figure, q // r and s // t.

15 16 7 8 q
14 13 6 5

11 12 3 4 r
10 9 2 1

t
s
8
Name and identify the pairs of angles formed.

3. In the figure, u // w. Lines x and y are transversals.

6 5 1 2 u
7 8 4 3

9
10 14
w
11 13
12
x
y
Name and identify the pairs of angles formed

4. In the figure, identify and name the pairs of parallel lines and its
transversal.
A
B

C D
G

E F

5. In the figure, identify and name the pairs of parallel lines and its
transversal / transversals.
a b

9
e
 Lesson 2

Relationship Between Pairs of Angles Formed

by Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal

If two lines are cut by a transversal, then:

a. corresponding angles are congruent

b. alternate interior angles are congruent
c. alternate exterior angles are congruent
d. interior angles on the same side of a transversal are supplementary
e. exterior angles on the same side of a transversal are supplementary

Examples:

1. Given: p // q, r is a transversal

Figure:

1 4 p
2 3

5 8 q
6 7

What is the measure of each numbered angles if m  1 = 120? Give the

reason for your answer.

Answers:

If  1 = 120o,  5 = 120o Corresponding angles are  .

If  5 = 120o,  3 = 120o Alternate interior angles are 
If  3 = 120o,  7 = 120o Corresponding angles are 
If  7 = 120o,  4 = 60o Exterior angles on the same side

10
 of a transversal are supplementary
If  4 = 60 ,  8 = 60
o o
Corresponding angles are 
If  8 = 80o,  2 = 60o Alternate interior angles are 
If  2 = 60 ,  6 = 60
o o
Corresponding angles are 
2. Given: In the figure, if m  1 = 105, determine the measures of the other
numbered angles. Justify your answers.

Figure: t

1 2
A 4 3 B

5 6
C 8 7 D

Answers:

If  1 = 105o,  5 = 105o Corresponding angles are  .

If  5 = 105o,  3 = 105o Alternate interior angles are 
If  3 = 105o,  7 = 105o Corresponding angles are 
If  7 = 105o,  2 = 75o Exterior angles on the same side
of a transversal are supplementary
If  2 = 75o,  8 = 75o Alternate exterior angles are 
If  8 = 75o,  4 = 75o Corresponding angles are 
If  4 = 75o,  6 = 75o Alternate interior angles are 

3. Given: m // n, s and t are the transversals t s

1 2 3 4
If m  5 = 110 and m  12 = 90, determine m
8 7 6 5
the measures of the other numbered  s.
Justify your answer.
10
9 11 n
14 12
13

Answers:

If m  5 = 110, m  12 + m  13 = 110
Since m  12 = 90, m  13 = 20. Corresponding angles are 

m  4 = 70  4 and  5 are supplementary

11
 If m  4 = 70, m  11 = 70 Corresponding angles are 

m  3 = 110  3 and  5 are vertical angles

If m  3 = 110, m  9 + m  10 = 110 Corresponding angles are 

If m  9 = 90, m  7 = 90 Alternate interior angles are 

If m  12 = 90, m  2 = 90 Exterior angles on the same side

of a transversal are supplementary

Since m  9 = 90, m  1 = 90 Corresponding angles are 

If m  13 + m  14 = m  8, m  8 = 90 Corresponding angles are 

Therefore, the measures of the numbered angles are:

 1 = 90o  8 = 90o
 2 = 90o  9 = 90o
 3 = 110o  10 = 20o
 4= 70o  11 = 70o
 5 = 110o  12 = 90o
 6 = 70o  13 = 20o

 7 = 90o  14 = 70o

Try this out

1. If m  6 = 85, find the measure of the other numbered angles.

Justify your answers.

Given: a // b, c is the transversal

Figure: a b

1 2 5 6
c
4 3 8 7

12
2. If m  10 = 118 , find the measures of the other numbered angles.
Justify your answers.

Given: f // g, r // q
8 7 9 10 f
5 6 12 11

4 3 13 14 g
1 2 16 15

q
r

3. In the figure, u // w. Lines x and y are transversals. If m  8 = 62,

m  14 = 90, find the measures of the other numbered  s. Justify your
answers.

Figure:

6 5 1 2 u
7 8 4 3

9
10 14
w
11 13
12
x
y

Form an equation in x and solve the equation.

4.
2xo

13
 xo

5.
xo

120o

100o

Let’ summarize

The angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal are:

1. corresponding angles
2. alternate interior angles
3. alternate exterior angles
4. exterior angles on the same side of a transversal
5. interior angles on the same side of a transversal

The relationship of the angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal

are:

1. pairs of corresponding s are 

2. pairs of alternate interior angles are 
3. pairs of alternate exterior angles are 
4. pairs of interior angles on the same side of a transversal are
supplementary
5. pairs of exterior angles on the same side of a transversal are
supplementary

14
 What have you learned

The figure below shows lines m // n with t as transversal.

Figure: t

1 2 m
4 3

5 6 n
8 7

Name:

1. 4 pairs of corresponding angles.

2. 2 pairs of alternate interior angles.
3. 2 pairs of alternate exterior angles.
4. 2 pairs of interior angles on the same side of a transversal.
5. 2 pairs of exterior angles on the same side of a transversal.

Using the same figure:

6. Name all numbered angles congruent to  7.

7. Name all numbered angles congruent to  4.
8. Name all numbered angles supplementary to  8,  7.
9. Name all numbered angles supplementary to  3,  4.

10. Name the pairs of equal angles and supplementary angles in the figure.

15
 Given: AB // CD Figure:
AD // BC
A B

D C

11. – 13. In the figure, AB  BD, DF  BD, BC // DE

Figure: A

1
2
D B
3
4
E
F

11. Is m  2 = m  3? Why?
12.  2 is a complement of _____ and  3 is a complement of _____.
13. Is m  1 + m  2 = m  3 + m  4? Why?

Find the value of x in each of the following figures.

14.

50o

xo xo

15. 100o

120o
16

xo
16.
5x

xo

17.
xo

4x

In the figure, Write down the pairs of parallel lines and the pairs of congruent
angles.

18. B A

F D C

17
E
19. If m  1 = 135, find the measure of each angle in the figure below:
t

1 2 m
4 3

5 6 n
8 7

20. If m  6 = 75, find the measure of each numbered angle in the figure, a //
b and c // d.

6 7 9 10 a
5 8 12 11

4 3 13 14 b
1 2 16 15

d
c

18