Clamping & Clamping Devices

Clamping
&
Clamping
Devices
Clamping System
• A clamping system must hold the workpiece firmly against
the
locating elements and the cutting forces developed during
operation without causing damage to it.
• Speed of operation, operator fatigue and strategic positioning are consideration
while designing clamping system
• Clamping device should be incorporated into the jig or fixture, proper clamping in
a fixture directly influence the accuracy and quality of the work done and
production cycle time.

Clamping and Clamps:
Once a work piece is located it is necessary to

press it against the locating surfaces and hold
it there against the forces acting upon it .The
tool designer refers to this action as Clamping
and the mechanisms used for this action are
known Clamps.
Clamping
Essential requirements for clamping (all clamps
must fulfill four essential requirements):
1. The w/p must be held rigidly while the cutting
tools are in operation.
2. The time required for loading and unloading the
tool must be as short as possible .Which means
the clamping device must be quick acting.
3. When subjected to vibration , chatter or heavy
pressure, the clamping must be positive.
4. The clamp must not damage the workpiece.
Principles of Clamping
• Position
• Strength
• Productivity
• Operator fatigue
Position:
• Clamping system should be positioned at thick sections of the workpiece.
• Clamping should be positioned to direct the clamping force on a strong, supported
part of the workpiece.
• Clamping on unsupported part bends slender workpieces, affects accuracy
of operation.
• Clamping system should not obstruct loading and unloading of the workpiece.
• Clamping system should not obstruct the paths of cutting tool.
• Operator should be able to operate clamps easily and safely
Distortion of unsupported
workpiece
• A vertical hole drilled in the bent workpiece would become angular when
the unclamped workpiece springs back to its original shape.
• Clamping force shall be directed towards support / locators.
• Clamp shall be directly in line with the support
• Clamping force shall be directed towards support / locators.
• Clamps shall apply force against supported area of work piece
Good Bad
Strength:
• The clamping system should be capable to hold the workpiece securely against
the forces developed during operation.
• Clamping device should be capable to be unaffected by the vibrations generated
during an operation.
• The clamping force should not dent or damage the workpiece with excessive
pressure.
• For clamping weak and fragile workpiece, clamping force should be equally
distributed over a wider area of the workpiece.
• While clamping soft workpiece, clamps should be fitted with pads or softer
materials such as Nylon or Fibre to prevent damage and denting of the workpiece.
• Clamping faces should be hardened by proper treatments to minimize their
wearing out.
Productivity:
• Clamping time should be minimised by
using hand knobs, tommy bars, knurled
screws, handwheels and handles, so
that clamp can be tightened or loosened
manually without using spanners.
• Most of the clamps use hexagonal nut or
hand nut
Hand operated clamping devices

Hand operated clamping devices

Operator Fatigue:
• Operator fatigue should be taken into account.
• Clamping should be operator friendly.
• Clamping and releasing should be easy and less time consuming.
• Maintenance should be easy.
• If considerable number of clamps are to be tightened or loosened repeatedly, it is
better to use pneumatic or hydraulic clamping which reduces operator fatigue
and saves clamping time.
• Hand nuts are more convenient for the operator than hexagonal nuts because a
spanner is not required to tighten them.
Clamping Principles
• The clamping force should be directed toward the locating

surfaces.
• The clamp should arranged in such a way that the thrust of
the cutting tool is away from clamp.
• Should overcome the maximum possible force exerted on
work piece by using minimum clamping force
• Easy to operate
• Clamping forces should applied over a heavy parts of the
work piece whenever possible.
Clamping pressure
Clamping pressure
Position of
Clamping
Distortion During Clamping
Clamping Examples
Clamping Devices
Mechanical Actuating Clamps
1. Screw clamps 6.Toggle clamps

2. Lever clamp or Strap clamp 7.Hinged clamps
• Bridge clamp
8.Quick acting nut
• Heel clamp
9. C-clamps
• Edge clamp 10.Bayonet clamp
3.Latch clamps 11.Hook bolt clamp
4.Cam operated clamps 12.Equalizing clamp
5.Wedge clamp
1.Screw clamp
A screw thread is used to apply the clamping force.
Characteristics:
1.Positive clamping .No tendency of
loosening under vibration.
2.Slow loading and unloading.
3.Not suitable for mass production.
Advantage :
a. Adequate force can be exerted.
b. Resisting loosening tendencies set
up by vibration .
Limitation :
1.Relatively slow.
2.Not suitable for mass
production.
2.Lever clamp or Strap clamp
The simplest and

probably most commonly
used clamp is the strap
clamp. All strap clamps
employ the principles of
levers.
Characteristics:
1.Lever mechanism is
used.
2.Most commonly used
type.
3. Positive clamping.
4.Slow loading and
unloading.
a. Bridge clamp
b. Heel clamp
c.Sliding Heel Clamp
d. Solid heel clamp
e. Edge clamp
3.Latch Clamp
Characteristics:
1.Not so positive .Difficult
To secure rigidly.
2.Quick acting.
3.Suitable for light work.
4. Main advantage is in the ease and speed of
manipulation.
Advantage :
a. Quick acting.
b. Easy to use and manipulate.
Limitation :
a. Suitable for light work only.
b. Difficult to secure rigidity.
3.Swinging Latch Clamp
4.Cam Actuated Plate Clamp
Properly designed cam clamps provide an effective
and rapid means of clamping.
Advantage :
a. Simple
b. Quick acting.
c. Effective
d. Suitable for light force
Disadvantage:
a. Not positive clamping may be loosen under
vibration.
b. Not suitable for heavy force.
5. Wedge clamp
A plain wedge clamp consists of a
movable inclined plane which forces the
work piece against a fixed stop. A plain
wedge clamps are crude and rarely
satisfactory since they have a tendency
to loosen under vibration. It may be
improved by adding levers and links.
Characteristics of wedge clamps:

1.Tendency to loosen under vibration.
2.Quick acting.
3.The taper angle of a plain angle may
range from 6 to 18 degree.
Advantage: Quick acting.
Limitation: Tendency of loosing under

vibration.
6. Toggle Clamp
Toggle clamps depend upon the
movement of rigid links for their
movement. These clamps have been
used extensively to hold sheet-metal
parts in position while they are being
welded or otherwise fastened and
they provide relatively heavy clamping
pressure.
Advantage :
1. Quick acting .
2. Give ample clearance for loading
and unloading
a.C-frame type toggle clamp
b.Pusher type toggle clamp
7. Hinged clamps
a. Cam-operated clamp
b. Two way hinged clamp
8.Quick acting nut
9.Free ‘C’ clamp
a. Captive C-clamp
10. Bayonet clamp
11. Hook clamp
12.Equalising
clamp
 Hydraulic clamping
 Air to Hydraulic booster Clamp
Thank You

Clamping & Clamping Devices

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Clamping

operation without causing damage to it.

• Speed of operation, operator fatigue and strategic positioning are consideration

while designing clamping system

production cycle time.

Once a work piece is located it is necessary to

Hand operated clamping devices

Hand operated clamping devices

• The clamping force should be directed toward the locating

1. Screw clamps 6.Toggle clamps

The simplest and

Characteristics of wedge clamps:

Advantage: Quick acting.

Limitation: Tendency of loosing under

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