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Handout 10 Circulatory System

The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles separated by valves. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the body and is pumped to the lungs. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium and is pumped by the left ventricle throughout the body. Blood travels through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins in two circuits - pulmonary and systemic. Blood pressure is created when the heart contracts to pump blood through the arteries.

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Kyle Quieta
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143 views

Handout 10 Circulatory System

The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles separated by valves. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the body and is pumped to the lungs. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium and is pumped by the left ventricle throughout the body. Blood travels through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins in two circuits - pulmonary and systemic. Blood pressure is created when the heart contracts to pump blood through the arteries.

Uploaded by

Kyle Quieta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM/ CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM • Separated by interatrial septum

Functions: 2. Two ventricles


1. Sends blood to • Lower chambers
a. Lungs for oxygen • Left and right
b. Digestive system for nutrients • Separated by interventricular septum
2. CV system also circulates waste products to certain organ • Atrioventricular septum separates the atria from the
systems for removal from the blood ventricles

Types of Circulatory system Valves:


1. Closed circulatory systems: Tricuspid valve – prevents blood from flowing back into the right
- have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different atrium when the right ventricle contracts
size and wall thickness. Bicuspid valve – prevents blood from flowing back into the left
- blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not atrium when the left ventricle contracts
normally fill body cavities. Pulmonary valve – prevents blood from flowing back into the
- examples includes those of Vertebrates and few invertebrates right ventricle
Aortic valve – prevents blood from flowing back into the left
2. Open circulatory systems: ventricle
- pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back
to the circulatory system between cells.
- Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where
tissues are surrounded by the blood.
- evolved in crustaceans, insects, mollusks and other
invertebrates.

The cardiovascular system consists of:


1. heart
2. blood vessels
3. blood

The Heart: Structures


• Cone-shaped organ about the size of
a loose fist Circulatory paths or Circuits
• In the mediastinum 1. Pulmonary circuit – the circuit through the lungs where
blood is oxygenated,
• Extends from the level of the second
rib to about the level of the sixth rib 2. Systemic circuit - the circuit through the rest of the body to
provide oxygenated blood.
• Slightly left of the midline
The Heart: Blood Flow
Heart coverings
Pericardium - Covers the heart and large blood vessels attached to
the heart

Heart walls:
1. Epicardium
• Outermost layer
• Fat to cushion heart
2. Myocardium
• Middle layer
• Primarily cardiac muscle
3. Endocardium
• Innermost layer
• Thin and smooth
• Stretches as the heart pumps

Four chambers
1. Two atria
• Upper chambers
• Left and right
1. Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the
inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor • In the average human, about 2,000 gallons (7,572 liters)
blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart. of blood travel daily through about 60,000 miles (96,560
2. As the right atrium contracts, blood flows from your right kilometers) of blood vessels.
atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid • An average adult has 5 to 6 quarts (4.7 to 5.6 liters) of
valve. blood, which is made up of plasma, red blood cells,
3. When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This white blood cells and platelets.
prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while
the ventricle contracts. Blood Pressure:
4. As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through • Your blood pressure rises with each heartbeat and falls
the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the when your heart relaxes between beats.
lungs where it is oxygenated. • While BP can change from minute to minute with
5. The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the changes in posture, exercise, stress or sleep.
lungs into the left atrium of the heart. • it should normally be less than 120/80 mm Hg (less than
6. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium 120 systolic AND less than 80 diastolic) for an adult age
into your left ventricle through the open mitral valve. 20 or over.
7. When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This • When your heart beats, it contracts and pushes blood
prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium through the arteries to the rest of your body. This force
while the ventricle contracts. creates pressure on the arteries. This is called systolic
8. As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through blood pressure. (the top no.)
the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the body. • The diastolic blood pressure number or the bottom
number indicates the pressure in the arteries when the
The Heart: Heart Sounds heart rests between beats. (the bottom no)
One cardiac cycle – two heart sounds (lubb and dubb) when valves
in the heart snap shut
1. Lubb – First sound
• When the ventricles contract, the tricuspid and
bicuspid valves snap shut
2. Dubb – Second sound
• When the atria contract and the pulmonary and aortic
valves snap shut

BLOOD VESSELS
1. Arteries:
- Strongest of the blood vessels
- Carry blood away from the heart
2. Arterioles:
- Small branches of arteries
3. Veins:
- Carry blood towards the heart
- have a flap-like valve inside to prevent backflow of blood
4. Venules:
- Small vessels formed when capillaries merge
5. Capillaries
- Branches of arterioles
- Smallest type of blood vessel
-mConnect arterioles to venules

BLOOD
Facts:

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