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A350 Technical Training Manual T1+T2 Mechanical and Avionics A350 RR TRENT XWB General A/C Systems (Level1)

A350 General Introduction LVL 1

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100% found this document useful (5 votes)

16K views184 pages

A350 Technical Training Manual T1+T2 Mechanical and Avionics A350 RR TRENT XWB General A/C Systems (Level1)

A350 General Introduction LVL 1

Uploaded by

Egor Rogulkin

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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A350

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

T1+T2 Mechanical and Avionics A350 RR TRENT
XWB
GENERAL A/C SYSTEMS (LEVEL1)
This document must be used for training purposes only.

Under no circumstances should this document be used as a reference.

It will not be updated.

All rights reserved

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form,
by photostat, microfilm, retrieval system, or any other means,
without the prior written permission of AIRBUS S.A.S.

AIRBUS Environmental Recommendation.

Please consider your environmental responsability before printing this document.
TP REV 2.1
T1+T2 Mechanical and Avionics A350 RR TRENT XWB
A350 GENERAL A/C SYSTEMS (LEVEL1)
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL 03/05/2018

Aircraft General Introduction....................................................2

Aircraft Stations, Zoning and identification Introduction.........24
Aircraft Cockpit Introduction...................................................36
Aircraft Documentation Introduction.......................................52
Aircraft e-Operations Introduction..........................................68
Aircraft Safety Precautions Introduction.................................76
Aircraft Ground Handling Introduction....................................92
Turnaround Presentation.....................................................114
Final Assembly Line Presentation........................................116
Aircraft Security awareness.................................................118

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1

© AIRBUS SAS 2018 All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
TP REV 2
T1+T2 Mechanical and Avionics A350 RR TRENT XWB
A350 GENERAL A/C SYSTEMS (LEVEL1)
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL 03/05/2018

AIRCRAFT GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Overview
This general introduction gives data about the A350:
- Aircraft presentation
- Aircraft family
- Aircraft dimensions
- Aircraft general layout
- Aircraft weights.

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OVERVIEW

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AIRCRAFT GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Aircraft Presentation - Presentation
Function/Description
The aircraft definition includes:
- An airframe made of different types of materials with a large
percentage of carbon composites
- Maximum cabin comfort:
- Wide cross-section
- Better cabin atmosphere
- Easy cabin reconfiguration:
- Optimized seat rails
- Quick fasteners
- Advanced cockpit:
- 6 interchangeable Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display units
- Basic 180 min ETOPS (Extended Range Operations for Two Engine
Aeroplanes) certification and 350 min with the full ETOPS options
package
- Advanced wing design:
- Advanced aerodynamics
- Adaptive high-lift systems
- A380 experience in aircraft systems:
- Electro-Hydrostatic Actuators (EHA)/Electrical Backup Hydraulic
Actuators (EBHAs)
- Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA)
- Advanced engines, twin engines:
- Less fuel consumption
- Low maintenance cost
- Low environmental impact.

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AIRCRAFT PRESENTATION - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

VM01P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft General Introduction Page 5

AIRCRAFT GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Aircraft Family - Presentation
Function/Description
The A350 XWB family has two aircraft standards: A350-900 and
A350-1000.
The A350-900 is the basic aircraft standard.
The A350-1000 is longer than the A350-900:
- Plus 6 frames in the forward fuselage part
- Plus 5 frames in the aft fuselage part.

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AIRCRAFT FAMILY - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

VM01P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft General Introduction Page 7

AIRCRAFT GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Aircraft Dimensions - Presentation
Function/Description
All the dimensions are given for a maximum aircraft-weight
configuration.

NOTE: Aircraft dimensions are given in meters, feet and inches.

The dimensions of the A350-900 are:
- Length: 66.80 m (219 ft 2 in)
- Width: 64.75 m (212 ft 5.2 in)
- Height: 17.05 m (55 ft 11.2 in).
The dimensions of the A350-1000 are:
- Length: 73.88 m (242 ft 4.5 in)
- Width: 64.75 m (212 ft 5.2 in)
- Height: 17.08 m (56 ft 0.3 in).

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AIRCRAFT DIMENSIONS - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT DIMENSIONS - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Doors
Aircraft General Layout - Presentation For all versions:
- There are four passenger doors on each side of the aircraft.
Function/Description
- The forward and the aft cargo doors are on the right side.
Engine power ratings - The bulk cargo door is on the left side.
The engines for each standard have different power ratings for Avionics compartments
maximum performance: There are 2 major avionics compartments:
- 84 Klbf for A350-900 - The main avionics compartment where most of the aircraft computers
- 97 Klbf for A350-1000. are installed on three main avionics shelves (1000VU, 1100VU and
Landing gear wheels 1200VU) and two main electrical shelves (for Electrical Power
The A350-900 has 10 wheels. Distribution Centers EPDC1 and EPDC2).
The A350-1000 has 14 wheels. The main avionics compartment is below the cockpit. Direct access
Pressurized areas to the main avionics compartment is possible from the cockpit or from
The pressurized areas are: the outside or the from the forward cargo compartment.
- The cockpit - The aft cabin underfloor compartment contains only two shelves:
- The passenger compartment The In-Flight Entertainment Center (IFEC) rack and the connectivity
- The cargo compartment. rack. Access to the aft cabin underfloor compartment is possible from
Cabin layout the bulk cargo compartment through a maintenance door.
There are 2 different classes: Business Class (6 across) and the
Economy Class (9 across).
The A350-900 has a capacity of 315 passengers:
- 48 Business Class
- 267 Economy Class.
The A350-1000 has a capacity of 369 passengers:
- 54 Business Class
- 315 Economy Class.
Cargo compartments
There are 3 different cargo compartments:
- The forward cargo compartment
- The aft cargo compartment
- The bulk cargo compartment.
The cargo compartment capacity is:
- 11 pallets and 36 containers for the A350-900
- 14 pallets and 44 containers for the A350-1000.

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AIRCRAFT GENERAL LAYOUT - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GENERAL LAYOUT - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GENERAL LAYOUT - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GENERAL LAYOUT - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GENERAL LAYOUT - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GENERAL LAYOUT - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GENERAL LAYOUT - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GENERAL LAYOUT - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GENERAL LAYOUT - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Aircraft Weights - Presentation
Function/Description
Aircraft weights
Each aircraft standard has different maximum weights related to its
operating configuration and environment.
The A350-900 maximum weights are:
- The Maximum Taxi Weight (MTW): 268900kg
- The Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW): 268000kg
- The Maximum Landing Weight (MLW): 205000kg
- The Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW): 192000kg.
The A350-1000 maximum weights are:
- The Maximum Taxi Weight (MTW): 308900kg
- The Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW): 308000kg
- The Maximum Landing Weight (MLW): 233000kg
- The Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW): 220000kg.
Aircraft fuel quantities
The A350-900 fuel quantity is 138000l.
The A350-1000 fuel quantity is 156000l.

VM01P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft General Introduction Page 22

AIRCRAFT WEIGHTS - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

VM01P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft General Introduction Page 23

AIRCRAFT STATIONS, ZONING AND IDENTIFICATION INTRODUCTION

Overview
This section gives data about:
- The aircraft stations
- The aircraft zones
- The Functional Item Number (FIN)
- The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).

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OVERVIEW

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AIRCRAFT STATIONS, ZONING AND IDENTIFICATION INTRODUCTION

Aircraft Stations - Presentation
Function/Description
The fuselage structure has frames.
There is one station for each frame.
To measure the fuselage stations, the reference is the X datum line.
Station 0 (X=0) is the reference line for all structural measurements.
This reference is on the X axis:
- 5340 mm forward of the radome, for A350-900,
- 1530 mm forward of the radome, for A350-1000.
The fuselage station number shows the distance of a cross section
from X=0 in millimeters.
The wing structure has ribs.
There is one station for each rib.
All the stations are parallel to the X axis of the aircraft.
Station 0 is at RIB1.
All measurements are:
- At 90 degrees to RIB1
- Between RIB1 and the intersection of each rib datum with the front
spar datum.

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AIRCRAFT STATIONS - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT STATIONS - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT STATIONS - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT STATIONS, ZONING AND IDENTIFICATION INTRODUCTION

Aircraft Zones - Presentation
Function/Description
The aircraft is divided into zones to help maintenance and component
location.
Each aircraft area is identified by a major zone ("hundreds" zone).
The aircraft is divided into eight major zones:
- 100 Lower half of the fuselage
- 200 Upper half of the fuselage
- 300 Stabilizers and rear fuselage section
- 400 Nacelles/pylons
- 500 Left wing
- 600 Right wing
- 700 Landing gears
- 800 Doors.

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AIRCRAFT ZONES - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT STATIONS, ZONING AND IDENTIFICATION INTRODUCTION

Functional Item Number (FIN) - Presentation
Function/Description
Each item of equipment on the aircraft has a Functional Item Number
(FIN).
The basic part of the FIN is a two-letter code that shows which
system/circuit the equipment is a part of (for example, 4GG4 in which
GG is the code for a mechanical system/circuit).
For electrical equipment, the FIN is almost the same as a mechanical
FIN, but the second letter of the system/circuit identifier is a Q (for
example, GQ).
The code also has a prefix and a suffix to give the identification of
each item of equipment.
The prefixes give the sequence number (4 digits).
The suffixes identify components which have the same function in
the same circuit.
As a general rule, the suffixes show which side the component is on:
an even-number suffix identifies a component on the right side and
an odd-number suffix identifies a component on the left side.

NOTE: Some FIN numbers (access panels, access doors, etc.) obey
different rules. They are a five-character code (3 digits and
2 letters), for example: 534AB.
- The first digit identifies the main zone (e.g. 500).
- The second digit identifies the main sub-zone (e.g. 530).
- The third digit identifies the unit zone (e.g. 534).
- The first letter gives the sequence identification (this starts
with the letter A). On the wing, this letter increases from
inboard to outboard.
- The second letter gives the location in the zone (e.g. B =
Bottom).

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FUNCTIONAL ITEM NUMBER (FIN) - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT STATIONS, ZONING AND IDENTIFICATION INTRODUCTION

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) - Presentation
Function/Description
All the Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) have a tag that contains a
micro-chip to identify them (designation, P/N, etc.).
These tags use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology.
The data contained in the micro-chips is read (or written) with a reader
(RFID reader/writer).

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RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

VM02P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft Stations, Zoning and identification Introduction Page 35

AIRCRAFT COCKPIT INTRODUCTION

Overview
This topic gives data about the cockpit and includes:
- The cockpit commonality
- The cockpit layout
- The main instrument panel
- The glareshield
- The center pedestal
- The overhead panel
- The control panels.

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OVERVIEW

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AIRCRAFT COCKPIT INTRODUCTION

Cockpit Commonality - Presentation
Function/Description
The A350 general cockpit layout is based on a typical Airbus layout.

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COCKPIT COMMONALITY - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT COCKPIT INTRODUCTION

Cockpit Layout - Presentation
Function/Description
This topic shows the different panels in the cockpit:
- The overhead panel
- The glareshield
- The main instrument panel
- The center pedestal.

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COCKPIT LAYOUT - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

VM03P1LEVEL0101_002 - Aircraft Cockpit Introduction Page 41

AIRCRAFT COCKPIT INTRODUCTION

Main Instrument Panel - Presentation
Function/Description
The main instrument panel includes six interchangeable Liquid Crystal
Display units (LCD units). These are all the same and include:
- Two Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) displays
- Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring (ECAM) displays
- Multifunction Displays (MFDs)
- Two Onboard Information System (OIS) displays related to position
and reconfigurations.
The Integrated Standby Instrument System (ISIS) indicator is on the
front of the main instrument panel.

NOTE: The ISIS indicator on the right side is optional.

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MAIN INSTRUMENT PANEL - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT COCKPIT INTRODUCTION

Glareshield - Presentation
Function/Description
The glareshield is immediately below the windshield. It includes an
Automatic Flight System (AFS) control panel and two Electronic
Flight Instrument System (EFIS) control panels.
The two sides of the glareshield have many indication devices
(attention getters):
- The MASTER WARN and MASTER CAUT pushbutton switches
- The side-stick priority lights
- The WARN LT-AUTOLAND warning lights.
At each end of the glareshield, a POT-LOUDSPEAKER potentiometer
and an ATC MSG pushbutton switch are installed.

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GLARESHIELD - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

VM03P1LEVEL0101_002 - Aircraft Cockpit Introduction Page 45

AIRCRAFT COCKPIT INTRODUCTION

Center Pedestal - Presentation
Function/Description
The primary controls on the center pedestal are related to the engines
and engine thrust, communications, navigation and aircraft
configuration.
The center pedestal includes two Keyboard and Cursor Control Units
(KCCUs) for display control and interactivity.

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CENTER PEDESTAL - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT COCKPIT INTRODUCTION

Overhead Panel - Presentation
Function/Description
Most of the aircraft system controls are on the overhead panel.
This is a standard layout that uses Integrated Control Panels (ICPs).
For each system, the controls are on one ICP. The ICPs are installed
to make normal and abnormal procedures easy and intuitive and thus
keep crew errors to a minimum.
The main system controls are on the center of the overhead panel and
the other controls are on the sides.
The systems most frequently used by the flight crew members are
installed at the bottom part of the overhead panel.
There are no more circuit breakers in the cockpit, but system resets
can be done from RESET panels/switches.
The top part of the overhead panel is for maintenance. Thus, on-ground
maintenance operations can be done on some systems.

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OVERHEAD PANEL - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT COCKPIT INTRODUCTION

Control Panels - Presentation
Function/Description
The A350 includes ICPs referred to as "VMs".
The ICPs are part of an aircraft system interface that uses digital and
non-digital technologies.
This concept decreases weight, because it uses less wiring and gives
better maintainability.
VUs are also installed. They use standard non-digital technology for
some critical aircraft systems.

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CONTROL PANELS - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

VM03P1LEVEL0101_002 - Aircraft Cockpit Introduction Page 51

AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION INTRODUCTION

Overview
The aircraft documentation includes:
- AirN@v products
- AirN@v access
- The new concept for documentation
- Maintenance and operational documentation hyperlinks
- The access philosophy for business categories
- Scheduled/unscheduled maintenance documentation.

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OVERVIEW

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AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION INTRODUCTION

- Configuration Deviation List (CDL).
AirN@v Products - Presentation
Function/Description
AirN@v has six applications, one customized and five non-customized.
The customized application is AirN@v/Line, which contains the new
business categories for the documentation.

NOTE: Applicability is given for Manufacturer Serial Numbers

(MSN), not for Fleet Serial Numbers (FSN).
The non-customized applications are:
- AirN@v/Engineering, which includes the:
- Airworthiness Directive (AD)
- European Union Airworthiness Directive (EUAD)
- All Operators Telex (AOT)
- Flight Operations Telex (FOT)
- Operator Information Telex (OIT)
- Technical Follow-up (TFU)
- Service Bulletin (SB)
- Vendor Service Bulletin (VSB)
- Service Bulletin Information Telex (SBIT)
- Modification Information Document (MID)
- Modification Proposal (MP).
- AirN@v/Associated Data, which includes the:
- Standards Manual (SM)
- Consumable Material List (CML)
- Illustrated Tool and Equipment Manual (TEM).
- AirN@v/Planning, which includes the Maintenance Planning
Document (MPD).
- AirN@v/Workshop, which includes the:
- Component Maintenance Manual (CMM)
- Duct and Fuel Pipe Repair Manual (DFPRM).
- AirN@v/Dispatch, which includes the:
- Minimum Equipment List (MEL)

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AIRN@V PRODUCTS - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

VM04P1LEVEL0101_002 - Aircraft Documentation Introduction Page 55

AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION INTRODUCTION

AirN@v Access - Presentation
Function/Description
There is more than one procedure to get access to AirN@v data:
- On-line access from AIRBUSWorld, which is updated by Airbus
- Access directly on the aircraft from on-board terminals
- Access from a standalone PC
- On-line access from an airline intranet.

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AIRN@V ACCESS - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

VM04P1LEVEL0101_002 - Aircraft Documentation Introduction Page 57

AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION INTRODUCTION

New Concept for Documentation - Presentation
Function/Description
For the A350 XWB, the concept of manuals (ATA standard) used
until this time is replaced. The documentation is put into business
categories to agree with the S1000D standard.
Because of this, as an alternative to manuals (AMM, TSM,...), Airbus
supplies data modules (System Description, Maintenance Procedure,
Fault Isolation,...) which are parts of the business categories directly
related to the job.
All the manuals that were included in AirN@v/Maintenance (ATA
standard) become part of AirN@v/Line (S1000D standard) as business
categories, not as manuals.
The MPD, that was part of AirN@v/Planning as a manual, is also
replaced in the S1000D standard by the Scheduled Tasks business
category.

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NEW CONCEPT FOR DOCUMENTATION - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION INTRODUCTION

Maintenance and Operational Documentation Hyperlinks -
Presentation
Function/Description
AirN@v/Dispatch includes hyperlinks with AirN@v/Line to get an
easier access to the maintenance deactivation procedures.

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MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONAL DOCUMENTATION HYPERLINKS - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION INTRODUCTION

Access Philosophy for Business Categories - Presentation
Function/Description
The S1000D standard uses a new concept: the business category
concept which replaces the manuals. The result of this change is a
new AirN@v graphical interface and organization.
To get access to the different business categories:
- Get access to the given BAABI item.
- Make your selection of the necessary business category.
- Look at the related data as for a standard manual.

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ACCESS PHILOSOPHY FOR BUSINESS CATEGORIES - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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ACCESS PHILOSOPHY FOR BUSINESS CATEGORIES - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION INTRODUCTION

For these two strategies, the AirN@v/Line application is the only tool
Scheduled/Unscheduled Maintenance Documentation - used to do inspections/deactivations or troubleshooting and repair
Presentation procedures.
Function/Description
Maintenance operations on the aircraft can be:
- Scheduled maintenance
- Unscheduled maintenance.
Scheduled Maintenance
The AirN@v application related to scheduled maintenance is
AirN@v/Planning. It includes the Scheduled Tasks business category
which is related to the MPD.
Maintainability documents are:
- Certification Maintenance Requirements (CMR)
- Maintenance Review Board Reports (MRBR)
- Airworthiness Limitation Sections (ALS).
In-service return documents are:
- All Operators Telexes (AOT)
- Service Bulletins (SB)
- Airworthiness Directives (AD).
This maintenance planning document identifies all the tasks to be
done on the aircraft with their related intervals, for nominal aircraft
operability and airworthiness.
Unscheduled Maintenance
Unscheduled maintenance is the result of unscheduled events, for
example failures, incidents and structural damage.
There are two possible strategies for unscheduled events:
- Operation in unusual conditions, which uses the Master Minimum
Equipment List (MMEL) and Master Configuration Deviation List
(MCDL) documents with inspections or deactivation procedures.
- Troubleshooting and repair.

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SCHEDULED/UNSCHEDULED MAINTENANCE DOCUMENTATION - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT E-OPERATIONS INTRODUCTION

Overview
This chapter gives data about:
- The paperless philosophy
- The Onboard Information System (OIS)
- Datalink communications.

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OVERVIEW

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AIRCRAFT E-OPERATIONS INTRODUCTION

Paperless Philosophy - Presentation
Function/Description
Paper documentation is replaced by an electronic library for
operational and maintenance documentation. The electronic library
is hosted in the Onboard Information System (OIS).
With the operational documentation, the flight crew can easily find
the applicable information in the:
- Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOM)
- Flight Manual (FM)
- Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL)
- Master Configuration Deviation List (MCDL).
It gives access to data related to the mission, communications and
performance computation.
The maintenance crew can directly get access to most of the
maintenance documentation with the AirN@v/Line application which
contains the following business categories:
- System Description and Maintenance Procedure
- Fault Isolation
- Maintenance Illustrated Parts Data (IPD)
- Schematics Diagram/Wiring Diagram
- Standard Practices - Electrical/Mechanical
- Structural Repair Illustrated Parts Data (IPD)/Structural Repair
Instructions
- Non-Destructive Test (NDT).

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PAPERLESS PHILOSOPHY - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT E-OPERATIONS INTRODUCTION

Onboard Information System (OIS) - Presentation
Function/Description
The Onboard Information System (OIS) makes the electronic library
available for the flight crew and maintenance crew.
Its function is to make airline operations and passenger services better
and with a minimum of documentation for flight operations.
The flight crew uses the OIS display to get access to the OIS.
The maintenance crew uses the Onboard Maintenance Terminal (OMT)
to get access to the OIS.
The maintenance documentation and applications are also available
from the Portable Multipurpose Access Terminal (PMAT) or the OIS
displays.
The flight crew and maintenance crew get access to e-documentation
or to applications related from an electronic menu by the selection of
flight or maintenance operations.

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ONBOARD INFORMATION SYSTEM (OIS) - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT E-OPERATIONS INTRODUCTION

Datalink Communications - Presentation
Function/Description
In flight, the aircraft uses the High Frequency (HF), the Very High
Frequency (VHF) or SATellite COMmunication (SATCOM) for
datalink communications.
On the ground, Wifi, wired connection and cellular communications
are also available. These communications help to make aircraft
operation and maintenance faster and more satisfactory, because there
are better links between the aircraft and the ground facilities.

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DATALINK COMMUNICATIONS - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

VM05P1LEVEL0101_002 - Aircraft e-Operations Introduction Page 75

AIRCRAFT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INTRODUCTION

Overview
This topic gives data about general safety precautions.

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OVERVIEW

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AIRCRAFT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INTRODUCTION

Function/Description - Presentation
When you do work on or around the aircraft, you must know all the
cautions and warnings.
To prevent all safety risks, it is necessary that:
- You obey all the safety precautions given in the business categories
documentation.
- You obey the local regulations (national regulations, airline rules and
airport rules).
These safety precautions prevent:
- Injuries to persons (Warning)
- Damage to the aircraft and to Ground Support Equipment (GSE)
(Caution).

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FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION - PRESENTATION

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AIRCRAFT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INTRODUCTION

Maintenance Practices - Maintenance
Warnings and Cautions in Maintenance Procedures
When you do a maintenance procedure, it is necessary to obey the
instructions given in the warnings and the cautions.
WARNING: Gives the materials, processes, methods, procedures or
limits that you must use or obey to prevent the injury or death of
persons.
CAUTION: Gives the methods and procedures that you must obey to
prevent damage to equipment.

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MAINTENANCE PRACTICES - MAINTENANCE - WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS IN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

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AIRCRAFT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INTRODUCTION

- The landing gears
Safety Precautions - Maintenance - The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) air-inlet flap
- The air-conditioning system elements (fuselage and wing root).
Electrical Power and Electrostatic Charges
Electrical power and electrostatic charges can cause injury to Noise
maintenance personnel and damage to the components. Noise can cause damage to hearing.
To prevent this, it is necessary to obey the precautions that follow: To prevent this, it is recommended to use ear protections and to obey
- The aircraft must be earthed. the precautions related to safety areas.
- The component bonding check must be completed. The primary sources of noise are:
- You must obey the discharge time delay applicable to some - The engines
equipment. - The APU
- You must be careful when you work with energized components. - The air conditioning system
- If necessary, the system must be de-energized. - The hydraulic power system.
Radio Frequencies Suction and Exhaust Areas
Radio frequencies can cause radiation, which can cause injury to The suction and exhaust areas can cause injury to persons and damage
persons and/or cause fire and/or damage to equipment. to the aircraft and/or GSE.
To prevent this, it is necessary to obey the precautions that follow: To prevent this, it is necessary to obey the precautions that follow:
- You must obey the precautions related to the safety areas. - You must obey the precautions related to the safety areas.
- You must obey the precautions related to the operational areas. - The areas must be kept clear.
The primary sources of radio frequencies are: The primary suction and exhaust sources are:
- The weather radar - The engines
- The High Frequency (HF) antennas. - The APU
- The air conditioning/supplemental cooling system.
Movable Parts
Movable parts can cause injury to persons and damage to the aircraft
and/or GSE.
To prevent this, it is necessary to obey the precautions that follow:
- You must obey the precautions related to the safety areas.
- Inhibition and/or de-activation tasks must be done.
The primary movable parts are:
- The flight control surfaces
- The thrust reversers
- The doors

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS - MAINTENANCE - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ELECTROSTATIC CHARGES ... SUCTION AND EXHAUST
AREAS

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AIRCRAFT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INTRODUCTION

Safety Precautions - Maintenance (continued) Poisonous Products
Different fluids used to operate the aircraft systems can cause injury
Pressurized Systems to persons and damage to the aircraft.
Pressurized liquid, air, hydraulic and gas systems can cause injury to Engine fuel and oils are poisonous if you breathe the fumes or get
persons and damage to the aircraft and/or GSE. them in your mouth and they can cause environmental pollution.
To prevent this, it is recommended to: To prevent this, it is necessary to obey the precautions that follow:
- Do a check of the component pressurization when an indication is - You must use the applicable protective equipment.
available. - You must obey the material manufacturer's instructions and the local
- To depressurize the system when possible. regulations when you do work with these products.
- Be careful when you do work with pressurized components when - After you use these products, you must obey the applicable cleaning
the system is not depressurized. procedures.
The primary pressurized systems are: - You must not discard these products. You must put them in
- The pneumatic system containers for recycling or retreatment.
- The air conditioning/supplemental cooling system The type of injury to persons or damage to aircraft caused by a solvent
- The hydraulic power system is related to its composition. You must always obey the safety
- The fire extinguishing system precautions given in the instructions for use.
- The oxygen system. The type of injury to persons caused by carbon dust is related to
Special precautions are necessary with the cabin and cargo doors. different properties such as carbon fiber size, exposure time, etc. To
To prevent injury, before you open the cabin and/or cargo doors, do prevent this, you must wear protective clothing.
a check to see if the residual-cabin-pressure light is off.
Hot Components and Fluids
For the escape slides, before you open the cabin doors, do a check to
see if the emergency-escape-slide light is off. Hot components and fluids can cause burns and fires.
To prevent this, it is necessary to obey the precautions that follow:
Flammable and Explosive Products - You must use the applicable protective equipment.
Flammable and explosive products can cause fire and explosions and - You must obey the applicable time delay to let components become
thus cause injury to persons and damage to equipment. cool.
To prevent this, it is necessary to obey the precautions that follow: - You must obey the precautions related to the safety areas.
- You must obey the precautions related to the safety areas. - You must do a check of the component temperature when an
- The applicable fire-extinguishing equipment must be available. indication is available.
- You must obey the instructions related to the items that are not The primary systems that contain hot sources are:
permitted (cigarettes, phones, cameras). - The engine system
The flammable and explosive product is the fuel. - The pneumatic system
- The APU

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- The landing gear system

- The hydraulic power system
- The air conditioning system.

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS - MAINTENANCE - PRESSURIZED SYSTEMS ... HOT COMPONENTS AND FLUIDS

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AIRCRAFT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INTRODUCTION

Safety Precautions - Maintenance (continued)
Heavy Components
When you move heavy components, there is a risk of injury to you
or other persons because of their weight or if they fall. There is also
a risk of damage to the aircraft.
To prevent this, it is necessary to obey the precaution that follow:
- You must use a correct body posture to lift heavy components.
- You must use special GSE, when applicable.
- You must use the special hoisting points installed on the aircraft,
when applicable.
- It is not permitted to walk below a lifted load.
Elevated Work Areas
Persons or items of equipment that fall from high positions can cause
injury to other persons and damage to the aircraft.
To prevent this, it is necessary to obey the precautions that follow:
- You must use the safety points.
- You must use the safety handles.
- You must use the safety harnesses.
- You must use the correct platforms.
Read the manufacturer's instructions for the platform. You must know
the applicable local regulations.

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS - MAINTENANCE - HEAVY COMPONENTS & ELEVATED WORK AREAS

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AIRCRAFT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS INTRODUCTION

Safety Precautions - Maintenance (continued)
Optical Fiber
Optical fiber can cause injury to persons.
It is dangerous to look into the end of a fiber-optic cable. There is a
risk of laser radiation which the operator will not see.
Laser radiation is dangerous for the eyes.
It is also important that you do not get optical fiber pieces below your
skin.

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS - MAINTENANCE - OPTICAL FIBER

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AIRCRAFT GROUND HANDLING INTRODUCTION

Overview
This section gives data about the ground handling procedures and
includes:
- Turnaround
- Lifting and Shoring
- Leveling and Weighing
- Towing and Taxiing
- Parking/Mooring, Storage, and Return to Service
- Placards and Markings
- Servicing.

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OVERVIEW

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AIRCRAFT GROUND HANDLING INTRODUCTION

Turnaround - Presentation
Function/Description
The standard turnaround time is approximately 60 minutes.
The A350 has a typical ramp layout and includes:
- External Ground Power Units (GPU)
- Catering/cleaning trucks
- A pallet/container loader
- Refueling trucks
- A waste water vehicle
- A conveyor belt
- A potable water vehicle
- An air conditioning unit.

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TURNAROUND - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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TURNAROUND - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GROUND HANDLING INTRODUCTION

Lifting and Shoring - Presentation
Function/Description
The aircraft can be lifted on jacks for maintenance operations.

NOTE: The data related to lifting is given in ATA chapter 07-11-00.

To release mechanical stress on the fuselage and wings, aircraft shoring
must be done before structural repairs.

NOTE: The data related to shoring is given in ATA chapter

07-20-00.
Location
The aircraft has three primary jacking points:
- Below the forward fuselage, on the left side, aft of the Nose Landing
Gear (NLG)
- Below each wing.
There is a safety stay point below the aft fuselage for safety, to prevent
tail tipping caused by accidental movement of the aircraft Center of
Gravity (CG).
There are shoring points on dedicated frames and ribs. The location
of these shoring points are given in ATA chapter 07-20-00.

Tools - Maintenance
Specific adaptors are necessary to lift the aircraft. A spherical nose jack
adaptor and two wing jack adaptors are used between the aircraft jacking
points and the jack. A spherical adaptor is used with the safety stay.
There are special shoring kits for aircraft shoring.

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LIFTING AND SHORING - PRESENTATION & TOOLS - MAINTENANCE

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AIRCRAFT GROUND HANDLING INTRODUCTION

Leveling and Weighing - Presentation
Function/Description
There are three alternative procedures to make the aircraft level:
- Quick leveling procedure from the Onboard Maintenance Terminal
(OMT)
- Quick leveling procedure with a spirit level in the passenger
compartment
- Quick leveling procedure with a spirit level in the forward cargo
compartment.

NOTE: The data related to leveling is given in ATA chapter

08-20-00.
You can weigh the aircraft with:
- The aircraft on jack
- The aircraft on wheels.
A scale is put below each landing gear to weigh the aircraft. The total
scaling gives the final weight of the aircraft.

NOTE: The data related to weighing is given in ATA chapter

08-10-00.

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LEVELING AND WEIGHING - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GROUND HANDLING INTRODUCTION

Towing and Taxiing - Presentation
Function/Description
You can tow the aircraft with:
- A towbar
- A towbarless tractor.
You must connect the towbar to the NLG structure.

NOTE: The data related to towing is given in ATA chapter 09-10-00.

There is a new function for the A350 XWB to make towing easier
when the aircraft is electrically energized by the battery only.
The graphic that follows shows the aircraft turning capability in good
operating conditions.

NOTE: The data related to taxiing is given in ATA chapter 09-20-00.

Safety Precautions - Maintenance

If you are in the aircraft during towing and taxiing operations (low-speed
operations included), you must be in a seat with your seat belt attached.
If you do not obey this instruction, injury can occur.

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TOWING AND TAXIING - PRESENTATION & SAFETY PRECAUTIONS - MAINTENANCE

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AIRCRAFT GROUND HANDLING INTRODUCTION

Parking and Mooring - Presentation
Function/Description
ATA chapter 10-11-00 includes parking procedures that give the
number of days or weeks and the conditions in which an aircraft must
be parked. These procedures include:
- Parking of the aircraft in flight-ready condition
- Ground checks during parking
- Return to operation after parking
- Renewal of parking procedures.
ATA chapter 10-20-00 includes the mooring procedure to prevent
movement of the aircraft when it is not stable in high wind conditions.
The aircraft is moored at the NLG level with a mooring kit.

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PARKING AND MOORING - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GROUND HANDLING INTRODUCTION

Storage and Return to Service - Presentation
Function/Description
The storage procedure for a period of not more than 6 months (refer
to ATA chapter 10-31-00) includes these reference procedures:
- Periodic ground checks during storage 7-day intervals, 15-day
intervals, 1-month intervals and 3-month intervals (refer to ATA
chapter 10-31-00)
- Return to operation after storage (refer to ATA chapter 10-40-00)
- Renewal of storage procedure for a period of not more than 6 months
only one more time (refer to ATA chapter 10-31-00).

NOTE: During storage or parking periods, it is not permitted to stop

or change the maintenance program without local authority
approval. The maintenance calendar clock continues during
these periods.

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STORAGE AND RETURN TO SERVICE - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GROUND HANDLING INTRODUCTION

Placards and Markings - Presentation
Function/Description
Commercial transport aircraft have a large number of markings and
placards on their external surface and in the cabin. Their function is
to:
- Give warnings about dangers
- Give instructions
- Give the location of equipment.
Markings and placards are written for targeted populations, which
can be from different cultures and with different skills.
The internal instructions are given as written markings.
Placards that use pictograms help to:
- Prevent the problem of accurate translation for many languages.
- Remove ambiguities in verbal phrases and their interpretation.
- Decrease the work to keep placards and manuals consistent.
- Get a fleet-wide commonality.
- Decrease training for crews because of the similarity with
non-aviation symbols.
- Make new placards not necessary after operator change.
- Give aid to dyslexic people to get the information.
- Make placards easier to read at a distance and in bad lighting
conditions.

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PLACARDS AND MARKINGS - PRESENTATION - FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT GROUND HANDLING INTRODUCTION

Servicing - Presentation
Location
The illustration shows the external standard service-points.
These service points are:
- The cargo control panel
- The cargo-door control panel
- The electrical ground power
- The fuel couplings
- The high-pressure air
- The low-pressure air
- The potable water
- The refuel/defuel control panel
- The waste water
- The Engine oil servicing
- The Variable Frequency Generator (VFG) oil servicing
- The hydraulic service panels.

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SERVICING - PRESENTATION - LOCATION

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AIRCRAFT GROUND HANDLING INTRODUCTION

Maintenance Practices - Maintenance
Do not release products such as oil, fuel, solvents or lubricants in trash
bins, soil or into the water network (drains, gutters, rain water, waste
water, etc.).
Collect the different waste fluids in special waste disposal containers
related to each type of waste fluid.
Each product must be stored in an applicable and special cabinet or room
such as a fire-resistant and sealed cupboard.
Do not use the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) if APU bleed air is not
necessary. Stop the ground service equipment (GPU, air conditioning
cart, etc...) if you do not do work with this equipment or if no persons
are in the aircraft.

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MAINTENANCE PRACTICES - MAINTENANCE

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TURNAROUND PRESENTATION
Turnaround Presentation

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TURNAROUND PRESENTATION

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FINAL ASSEMBLY LINE PRESENTATION

Final Assembly Line Presentation

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FINAL ASSEMBLY LINE PRESENTATION

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

SECURITY AWARENESS OBJECTIVES
The introduction of new features on new aircraft has led to the need for
the interconnection of systems as well as the introduction of Commercial
Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware and software used by Flight Operations,
Maintenance entities, and passengers.
Therefore, the management of these applications in terms of secure access,
software, or data updates and security incidents is fundamental.
Also, new security threats have emerged which must be addressed by
security measures.
The Security Handbook is a collection of organizational security measures
that are widely, distributed in the Aircraft Operating manuals (Flight
Crew Operating Manual (FCOM), Cabin Crew Operating Manual
(CCOM), Maintenance Procedures (MP)). It provides the Aircraft
Operator with a transversal view of needs to maintain the aircraft
in-service security level without analysing the customer manuals.
In addition, the Security Handbook provides a consistent context for the
organizational security measures and supplements information that cannot
be included in the customer manuals.

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SECURITY AWARENESS OBJECTIVES

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

A350 WXB IT SECURITY GENERALITIES

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A350 WXB IT SECURITY GENERALITIES

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

SECURITY VERSUS SAFETY
We call safety everything related to hazard events able to affect material
and people.
The security concerns the presentation of threats (deliberate malicious
acts) aiming at affecting Safety, Business or Image.
Safety is everything related to fortuitous (unexpected) events able to
affect material and people (aircraft design, maintenance...).
Guaranteeing Safety is the baseline of the A/C Type Certification.
Security concerns the prevention of deliberate malicious acts aiming at
affecting aircraft or people (hacking, hijacking, bombs...).
The current system safety assessment policies & techniques do not address
potentials cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
A special condition (CRI F38 = Certification Review item = Special
Condition) asks to protect Aircraft systems and networks from Security
threats. It basically requires the manufacturer to assess risks of
cyberattacks on information management system and if needed, protection
mechanism must be installed.
Security aspects of continuous airworthiness are addressed via instructions
or handbooks to operators and are a key element to maintain an acceptable
level of security.
Deliberate actions impacting security may drive to a safety issue. Cyber
security recommendations are new for the A350 to get the TC.

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SECURITY VERSUS SAFETY

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

NEED FOR AIRCRAFT SECURITY MANAGEMENT
Definition of E-enabled Aircraft:
The aircraft are becoming more digital and more automated, and
communicating more externally. This increasing level of communications
is driven primarily by the need to accommodate more aircraft safely in
our skies.
An E-enabled Aircraft is an aircraft with some type of 'network
connections' (i.e., higher-bandwidth data communications). These aircraft
need some level of increased network security requirements in order to
protect the data being sent and received.
Also it is an aircraft that has one or more networks on board (AFDX,...)
and requires a connection to external networks (airborne and/or ground
based) to assist with its operation.
The A380 and A350 are E-enabled aircraft with the introduction of new
technologies to support flight operations, cabin management, passenger
services and maintenance.
Introduction of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware and software
used by Flight Operations, maintenance entities, and passengers.
The main novelty is the use of digital system architecture composed of
several interconnected systems / networks / domains:
- Flight safety related control, communication and navigation systems
(Aircraft Domain with all avionics systems),
- Airline business and administrative support,
- Passenger information and entertainment,
- Flight Crew and Cabin Crew domains.
There is a concern that these networks may be subject to unauthorized
access.

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NEED FOR AIRCRAFT SECURITY MANAGEMENT

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

NEED FOR AIRCRAFT SECURITY MANAGEMENT
The A350 XWB Security Handbook is a single guide for in-service
security management of the aircraft.
Security Handbook is targeted to aircraft security stakeholders of
customers (including maintenance organizations) operating A350 aircraft
type.
The A350 XWB Security Handbook provides recommendations and
instructions to maintain the security level of the aircraft.

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NEED FOR AIRCRAFT SECURITY MANAGEMENT

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

IT SECURITY THREATS
In flight, the aircraft uses the High Frequency (HF), the Very High
Frequency (VHF) or SATellite COMmunication (SATCOM) for datalink
communications.
On the ground, WIFI, wired connection and cellular communications are
also available. These communications help to make aircraft operation
and maintenance faster and more satisfactory, because there are better
links between the aircraft and the ground facilities.
Passenger connectivity uses SATCOM for datalink communications.
The main concern is that these networks may be subject to unauthorised
access.

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IT SECURITY THREATS

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

MAIN THREAT VECTORS
Main threat vectors:
- Compromise of data loads installed on the A/C,
- Mobile devices connected to A/C (e.g. USB key, PMAT, EFB, Cabin
Crew),
- Attacks on wireless connections,
- Attacks from Passenger owned devices,
- Unauthorized access to systems or plugs.

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MAIN THREAT VECTORS

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

PROTECTION PRINCIPLES
Protection principles:
- Technical measures in the A/C design (smart diode, firewall, Virtual
Private Network (VPN), proxy, audit function...),
- Digital Certificates for software protection,
- Domain segregation / Protection of interfaces,
- Guidelines to maintain the A/C security level (Security Handbook),
- Incident and Vulnerability management,
- Security for Ground Support Information Systems.

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PROTECTION PRINCIPLES

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

USAGE OF DIGITAL CERTIFICATES FOR A350
Digital Certificates is a widely used technology used to encrypt and
digitally sign data or authenticate users / devices before opening secure
communications. Throughout the aerospace industry, the Digital
Certificates have been introduced in information systems to fulfil sensitive
security requirements such as:
- Strong authentication of internal crew wireless systems and devices
involved in air to-ground communications,
- Guaranteeing origin and integrity of uploaded software or document,
- Non-repudiation of transactions.
AIRBUS can issue digital certificates authorizations to people and devices
for Airlines, Suppliers, MRO and within Airbus.
Usage of Digital Certificates for A350:
- Data loading (Import Field Loadable Software (FLS) or User Modifiable
Software (UMS) on board the Aircraft). All FLS have a digital signature,
- Information Management Aircraft Communication System (IMACS)
is a ground & flight (IMACS Ground and IMACS on A/C) server whose
function is to secure any wireless IP communication between A/C and
Airline servers. For that IMACS is able to set up a Virtual Private Network
(VPN),
- Gatelink communication: Wireless Aircraft Communication system
(WACS) for WIFI and Cellular communications between Aircraft and
Airline ground network. The Digital certificates give data protection for
WACS communications,
- Cabin Crew Mobile Device (CCMD) for wireless communications in
cabin.

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USAGE OF DIGITAL CERTIFICATES FOR A350

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

USAGE OF DIGITAL CERTIFICATES FOR A350
Protection principles:
- A digital certificate allows establishing a secure communication channel
in order to protect Data Authenticity, Integrity and Confidentiality.
- Any Field Loadable Software (FLS) uploaded into the Aircraft uses the
digital signature check.
- For the IP communication the certificates are used to set up a Virtual
Private Network (VPN) in order to protect the communication and to
sign the data transmitted through this channel. In addition, for these
wireless communications via WIFI and SATCOM, the data are encrypted.
IP Communication relies on Information Management Aircraft-ground
Communication System (IMACS) software. The role of the IMACS is
to provide a secure software interface to allow aircraft hosted applications
to transparently connect with their counterparts on ground (located in the
airline network, an airport infrastructure, the public internet, or supplier
facilities) by using a VPN process.
IMACS supports:
- cockpit crew operations,
- cabin crew operations,
- passenger communications,
- maintenance operations.
IMACS communicates:
- In flight and on ground through SATCOM,
- On ground through Gatelink with the WACS (Wireless Airport
Communication System): WIFI, Cellular, Wired Gatelink.

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USAGE OF DIGITAL CERTIFICATES FOR A350

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

FLS LOADING VIA USB KEY OR LRU INSTALLATION
Data Loading with USB key or via LRU installation.
The Airbus tool Load Secure Batch media (LSBM) allows:
- to sign a FLS load after FLS creation,
- to check a FLS digital signature (at reception of a FLS from a supplier
by an Airline for example).
1 - Supplier or Airbus FLS
The Airline or Maintenance Organisation must check the load signature
before using it.
Recommendation: use of a specific Ground Tools Load Signature to
check the load before storing and before sending it to the A/C.
Then check of the validity and time of the FLS signature is done within
the A/C by security software.
2 - Airline FLS customization
Airlines can customize loads. The Airline must use a FLS signer tool (to
sign MEL, CDL, ACMS programming....) by using a LSBM.
LSBM is integrated in the customization tools.
3 - Shop Loading
Check signature before loading within a computer. A LSBM must be
used for this check.

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FLS LOADING VIA USB KEY OR LRU INSTALLATION

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

IMPORT SECURE DATA
Roles in Airlines:
- Certificated manager : Create customized data and sign load,
- Engineering Department : Collect, check and provide loads to mechanic,
- Mechanics : Install the secured load on board the A/C.
Technical features needed: Certificated, LSBM, USB key, smart card,
card reader.
Procedures are defined in: MPM (AirNav) and recommendations are
defined in Airbus Security Handbook.

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IMPORT SECURE DATA

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

CABIN CREW WIRELESS SYSTEM
FUNCTIONAL NEEDS
The Cabin Crew Mobile Devices (CCMD) can be connected via
wireless system to provide many applications such as Cabin Crew
mails, Cabin Crew Operating manual, Cabin Log Book.
The Telemedicine enables the airline to send medical data and
voice/video to the medical center on the ground.
In case of an emergency treatment, doctors on ground can use live
video to remotely assist afflicted passengers onboard as well as the
crew managing the emergency in the air.
These Cabin Crew Mobile Devices use digital signatures & certificates
to secure all communications.
Cabin Crew Wireless System is an infrastructure system that manages
the wireless from CCMD to the Cabin Operations Applications (COAs)
and / or Telemedicine.

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CABIN CREW WIRELESS SYSTEM - FUNCTIONAL NEEDS

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

CABIN CREW WIRELESS SYSTEM (continued)
SECURITY MEASURES
Airlines IT departments need to ensure:
- Cabin Crew Mobile Devices (CCMD) are hardened according to
Security best practices:
- No Viruses,
- Security patches (System is up-to-date),
- Virus Scanner, Firewall...
- Certificate Management of CCMD:
- Devices that are authorized to connect to the aircraft need to be
equipped with digital certificate.

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CABIN CREW WIRELESS SYSTEM - SECURITY MEASURES

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

CABIN CREW WIRELESS SYSTEM (continued)
CCWS SUMMARY
Roles in Airlines:
- Cabin Crew : Enter one Flight password in the Cabin Crew Mobile
Devices,
- IT Department : Install certificated on each Cabin Crew Mobile
Devices.
Technical features needed: Certificated on each Cabin Crew Mobile
Devices.
Procedures are defined in: Security Handbook.

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CABIN CREW WIRELESS SYSTEM - CCWS SUMMARY

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

FAP (FLIGHT ATTENDANT PANEL)
The FAP belongs to the Cabin Intercommunication Data System (CIDS)
and it is the main Human Machin Interface (HMI) for this system.
The FAP is directly connected to the Avionics World.
To ensure integrity and authenticity of data loading with OBRM, before
CIDS data loading is performed, the seal on the OBRM shall be checked.
If the seal is broken, the OBRM has to be removed and a spare OBRM
has to be used.
The tamper seals shall be placed on the OBRM right after delivery and
after installation of an OBRM. An USB "Physical lock" is installed to
secure USB plug. During commercial flights, there is a plastic cover that
gives a physical protection to the 3 slots of the FAP. Several functions
of the FAP have a PIN Code.

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FAP (FLIGHT ATTENDANT PANEL)

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

EFB (ELECTRONIC FLIGHT BAG)
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
EFB is an information system for flight deck crewmembers. It allows
storing, updating, delivering, displaying, and/or computing digital
data to support flight operations or duties.
EFB host platform is portable (i.e. laptop or iPad) or installed in the
aircraft. On A350XWB, the 2 EFB laptops are class 2 laptops. They
can be connected and disconnected to/from the A/C network. When
EFB is connected to the docking station, the flight crew can show the
EFB image on the On-board Information System (OIS) displays and
control it from the CDS controls.
To comply with Aircraft security, customization of pre shared key
into OSFC as well as in EFB must be done. These Pre-shared keys
are generated by engineering department or EFB office and will allow
secure communications between EFB and Aircraft via OSFC.

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EFB (ELECTRONIC FLIGHT BAG) - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

EFB (ELECTRONIC FLIGHT BAG) (continued)
EFB SUMMARY
Roles in Airlines:
- Flight Crew : Authentication (Login & PWD per pilot),
- Mechanic : Upload pre-shared key into OSFC,
- EFB Administrator : Antivirus, security patch management, logs
retrieve, pre-shared key update in EFB laptop, prepared load
customization.
Technical features needed: Pre-shared key to integrate into OSFC
(customized load), Pre-shared key into EFB.
Procedures are defined in: Security Handbook for EFB management.

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EFB (ELECTRONIC FLIGHT BAG) - EFB SUMMARY

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

PMAT (PORTABLE MAINTENANCE ACCESS TERMINAL)
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The maintenance crew uses the PMAT for connection to the On-board
Information System (OIS):
- To get access to the maintenance applications,
- To do the maintenance operations on the A/C systems from different
locations on the aircraft.
The PMAT can be connected to internal and external Ethernet
connections strategically located through the A/C.
The connection between the OIS network and the PMAT plugs is
done when the "COM GND CONNECTION" P/BSW is set to ON.
PMAT is firstly connected to get the security token from the OIS.
This token will enable it to be connected to the aircraft network.
Airline Engineering or IT department have to configure the PMATs
to allow secure communications between PMAT and Aircraft via
OSFC.

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PMAT (PORTABLE MAINTENANCE ACCESS TERMINAL) - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

PMAT (PORTABLE MAINTENANCE ACCESS TERMINAL)
(continued)
PMAT SUMMARY
Roles in Airlines:
- Mechanic : ICP Switch ON/OFF, retrieve security token from boot
plugs (covered by AirNav procedure),
- PMAT Administrator : Administrate and manage PMAT (antivirus,
security patch management, logs retrieve).
Technical features needed: No tool needed.
Procedures are defined in: AirNav procedure to start PMAT & Security
Handbook for recommendations on PMAT protection.

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PMAT (PORTABLE MAINTENANCE ACCESS TERMINAL) - PMAT SUMMARY

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

IFE (IN FLIGHT ENTERTAINMENT) SYSTEM
IFE is fully segregated from all A/C systems.
No data can be transmitted from IFE system into A/C systems.

VM10P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft Security awareness Page 158

IFE (IN FLIGHT ENTERTAINMENT) SYSTEM

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

ECAS (EMERGENCY CABIN ALERTING SYSTEM)
Emergency Cabin Alerting System (ECAS) includes hidden P/BSWs,
which are installed at different locations in the cabin for the cabin crew.
If the cabin crew pushes an ECAS P/BSW, some indications are triggered
into the cockpit and cabin and the related cabin area is displayed
automatically into the cockpit and on the FAP in the cabin. Video images
come from Cockpit Door Surveillance System (CDSS) and Cabin Video
Monitoring System (CVMS).
The CVMS and the CDSS have some cameras (for the CVMS, 10 to 20
cameras maximum in the cabin and for the CDSS, 3 to 4 cameras around
the cockpit area).
The video images from CVMS and the CDSS can be displayed on the
Cockpit Display System (CDS) in the cockpit for the flight crew or on
the FAPs in the cabin for the cabin crew via manual selection.
The CDSS is automatically started if someone tries to go into the cockpit
with the keypad of the CDLS or from the privacy door locking system.

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ECAS (EMERGENCY CABIN ALERTING SYSTEM)

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

- CDSS (Cockpit Door Surveillance System) cameras.
SECURITY PUSH BUTTON SWITCHES - "KILL These switches can be installed in confidential location outside or
SWITCHES" inside the Aircraft (in the cabin or cockpit).
KILL SWITCHES
The "Kill switches" are used to cut communications between systems.
These communications are restored by maintenance tasks.
These switches can be used in 2 different scenarios:
- Emergency & Threat Scenarios that can occur in cabin and/or cockpit
area,
- Information Security Threat Scenarios (Data security incidents).
Emergency & Threats Scenario in Cabin and/or Cockpit:
- PAX INFO P/BSW is used to disable the display of some flight
information to the passengers.
- LANDSCAPE CAMERA P/BSW is used to remove the display of
all external Camera images within the cabin for passengers.
- MOBILE COM P/BSW is used to disable passengers' mobile phone
within the cabin.
Information Security Scenario:
Specific functions are managed through OIS control panel on overhead
panel. They are used by pilot to react if data security event is detected.
- CAB DATA TO OIS P/BSW stops the communication between the
Passenger Services (IFE, Connectivity...) and the OIS.
- OIS DATA TO AVNCS P/BSW stops the communication between
Aircraft Avionics systems and OIS.
- GATELINK P/BSW stops WACS to disable exchange via WIFI and
cellular links (SATCOM & Wired connections remain available).
- COM GND CONNECTION allows & stops PMAT connections.
Some other "KILL SWITCH" is used to remove CVMS & CDSS &
TACS display (in cockpit CDS, cabin passenger displays and FAP)
of following video sources:
- External cameras (Landscape and Taxi Aid cameras),
- Cabin Video monitoring cameras,

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SECURITY PUSH BUTTON SWITCHES - "KILL SWITCHES" - KILL SWITCHES

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

SECURITY PUSH BUTTON SWITCHES - "KILL
SWITCHES" (continued)
DATA SWITCHES
Pushbutton switches for data security threat scenario:
- Aircraft Control Domain (ACD),
- Airline Information Services Domain (AISD),
- Passenger Info & Entertainment Services Domain (PIESD),
- Passenger-Owned Devices Domain (PODD).

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SECURITY PUSH BUTTON SWITCHES - "KILL SWITCHES" - DATA SWITCHES

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

IN-SERVICE SECURITY MANAGEMENT

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IN-SERVICE SECURITY MANAGEMENT

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

SECURITY HANDBOOK
SECURITY HANDBOOK: INTRODUCTION
Purpose:
- The Security Handbook is the "one-stop" guide for in-service security
management of the aircraft.
- It is a record of Aircraft Security-related:
- Assumptions,
- Instructions,
- Recommendations.
Primary audience:
- Aircraft security stakeholders of all A350, A380, A320 Family, and
A330/A340.
As this document contains sensitive security information, we
recommend a distribution in the aircraft operator's organization on a
need-to-know basis only.

VM10P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft Security awareness Page 168

SECURITY HANDBOOK - SECURITY HANDBOOK: INTRODUCTION

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

SECURITY HANDBOOK (continued)
SECURITY HANDBOOK: DESCRIPTION
Purpose:
- Single guide for in-service security management of the aircraft.
- Helps aircraft operators to organize themselves for Aircraft Security:
- Policies,
- Procedures,
- Roles and responsibilities.
Contains structured information :
- Assumptions,
- Instructions,
- Recommendations.
Covers several domains :
- Flight and Cabin Operation,
- Ground Administration and Maintenance Operation.

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SECURITY HANDBOOK - SECURITY HANDBOOK: DESCRIPTION

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

SECURITY INCIDENT MANAGEMENT - WORKFLOW
Detect & Report incident / Analyse & Prioritize / Incident Handling
Support / Assess risks for whole fleet & other A/C Types / Initiate
corrective actions / Implement & Monitor corrective actions.

VM10P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft Security awareness Page 172

SECURITY INCIDENT MANAGEMENT - WORKFLOW

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

AIRBUS AIRCRAFT SECURITY SITE
Airbus provides a dedicated site for the exchange of sensitive information
related to A/C security.
Access is controlled via existing AirbusWorld accounts.
Access at :
https://w8.airbus.com/sites/product_security/sitepages/Welcome.aspx
In case of questions or changes: contact Airbus Security team via Tech
Request.

VM10P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft Security awareness Page 174

AIRBUS AIRCRAFT SECURITY SITE

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AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

KEY ROLE: AIRCRAFT SECURITY FOCAL POINT (ASFP)
ASFP tasks:
- Receive and manage cascading of the Security Handbook and Security
Information Bulletins (SIB),
- Receive and manage sensitive information related to aircraft security
(e.g. passwords and codes),
- Receive and manage information related to technical vulnerabilities,
- Receive, communicate, manage and report information related to security
issues.
ASFP is also encouraged to:
- Coordinate and play an active part in the implementation of the
requirements and recommendations from the Security Handbook,
- Participate in aircraft security related networking activities such as the
Aircraft Security User Panel (ASUP) or information exchange between
Aircraft Operators,
- Support in any activities related to an aircraft security incident.
The role of the ASFP may not be limited to one organization at the
Aircraft Operator.
More than one ASFP may be nominated per Aircraft Operator.
Typical nominations:
- Engineering,
- Flight Operation,
- Corporate Risk Management,
- Safety and Security.
ASFP is not necessarily the same role as the Aircraft Operator Chief
Security Officer as described in the ICAO Aviation Security Manual.
Nevertheless, it is highly recommended that the ASFP has a close link
to the Aircraft Operator Chief Security Officer.

VM10P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft Security awareness Page 176

KEY ROLE: AIRCRAFT SECURITY FOCAL POINT (ASFP)

VM10P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft Security awareness Page 177

AIRCRAFT SECURITY AWARENESS

COMMUNICATING WITH AIRBUS SECURITY TEAM
For all communication with Airbus, use the Tech Request tool:
- Select Engineering domain,
- Select A/C Security topic.

VM10P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft Security awareness Page 178

COMMUNICATING WITH AIRBUS SECURITY TEAM

VM10P1LEVEL0101_003 - Aircraft Security awareness Page 179

This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of
AIRBUS SAS. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of
this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be
reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent
of AIRBUS SAS. This document and its content shall not be used for any
purpose other than for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do
not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and
are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these
statements are not shown, AIRBUS SAS will be pleased to explain the basis
thereof.

AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350,
A380, A400M are registered trademarks.

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