ANSWERS

Chapter 1 (g) 0.000 001

1 physics; chemistry; biology 9 (a) Length
2 doctor; science teacher; nurse (b) Area
3 (a) Forensic (c) Volume
(b) Astronomy 10 (a) 2
(c) Botany (b) 2
(d) Meteorology (c) 2
(e) Pharmacology (d) For (a): 1 and 3; For (b): 1 and 3; For (c): 1 and 3
(f) Zoology 11 (a) parallax error
(g) Oceanography (b) zero error
(h) Physiology 12 1.0 + 0.06 = 1.06 cm
(i) Engineering 13 -0.03 cm; 0.06 – (-0.03) = 0.09 cm
(j) Microbiology 14 2.5 + 0.38 = 2.88 mm
(k) Geology 15 + 0.02 mm; (2.0 + 0.37) – (0.02) = 2.37 – 0.02 = 2.35 mm
4 (a) Filter funnel 16 7
(b) Measuring cylinder 50 – 30
17 (a) =
(c) Burette 5
(d) Pipette = 4 cm3
(e) Beaker (b) (i) 45 – 35 = 10 cm3
(f) Conical flask (ii) 50 – 45 = 5 cm3
(g) Evaporating dish (iii) Water displacement method
(h) Crucible 18 (a) Stopwatch; Time
(i) Retort stand (b) Lever balance; Mass
(j) Stopwatch (c) Vernier callipers; Length
(k) Crucible tongs (d) Measuring tape; Length
(l) Test tube holder (e) Micrometer screw gauge; Length
(m) Wire gauze (f) Clinical thermometer; Temperature
(n) Tripod stand (g) Digital balance; Mass
(o) Bell jar (h) Ammeter; Current
(p) Bunsen burner (i) Digital vernier callipers; Length
5 (a) Irritant (j) Triple beam balance; Mass
(b) Poisonous (k) Digital thermometer; Temperature
(c) Radioactive (l) Digital micrometer screw gauge; Length
(d) Corrosive mass
19 Density =
(e) Flammable volume
(f) Explosive 40 g
Density = = 2 g/cm3
6 (a) Explosive 20 cm3
(b) Radioactive 20 (a) 0.9 g/cm3
(c) Poisonous (b) 1.0 g/cm3
(d) Poisonous (c) 13.6 g/cm3
(e) Irritant 21 (a) less dense
(f) Flammable (b) denser
(g) Corrosive Wood; Water; Coin
(h) Irritant 22 (a) Identifying the problem
(i) Explosive (b) Making a hypothesis
(j) Explosive (c) Controlling the variables
(k) Radioactive (d) Making a conclusion
(i) Poisonous
7 (a) Metre Chapter 2
(b) Kilogram 1. P: Cell membrane
(c) Kelvin Q: Nucleus
(d) Second R: Cytoplasm
(e) Ampere S: Mitochondrion
8 (a) 1 000 000 T: Cell wall
(a) 1 000 U: Chloroplast
(b) 1 000 000 000 V: Vacuole
(c) 0.1 P: Controls the movement of substances in and out of the
(d) 0.001 cell
(e) 0.000 000 001 Q: Controls all the cell activities
(f) 0.01 R: The place where chemical processes occur

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 S: Produces energy (b) carbon dioxide
T: Protects the cell/Maintains the shape of the cell 20 (a) J; L
U: Contains chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight for making (b) (i) The presense of carbon dioxide/water/chlorophyll/
food The type of leaf
V: Supports the cell when it is filled with cell sap. (ii) The presence of light
2 cell walls; chloroplasts; vacuoles; vacuoles (iii) The presence of starch
3 nucleus; cytoplasm (c) (i) food; oxygen
4 Methylene blue; iodine solution (ii) carbon dioxide
5 Cell division
6 Cancer Chapter 3
7 Unicellular; multicellular 1 Homeostasis
8 (a) Amoeba; Unicellular 2 adapt; stable; right
(b) Mucor; Multicellular 3 water content; body temperature
(c) Paramecium; Unicellular 4 brain; hormone; more; large
(d) Spirogyra; Multicellular 5 brain; hormone; less; small; thirsty
(e) Chlamydomonas; Unicellular 6 Excretory and endocrine systems
(f) Hydra; Multicellular 7 Hypothalamus/Hot centre or cold centre.
(g) Yeast; Unicellular 8 (i) increases
(h) Euglena; Unicellular (ii) flat; close
9 Cells; Tissues; Organs; Systems (iii) dilate
10 (a) cell (iv) decreases; decreases
(b) tissue (v) cooler
(c) organ 9 (i) contract; relax; shiver
(d) system (ii) upright
(e) microorganism (iii) constrict
11 (a) Reproductive cell/sperm (iv) increases
(b) Nerve cell (v) hotter
(c) Red blood cells 10 Excretory, muscular, blood circulatory and endocrine
(d) White blood cells systems
(e) Epithelial cell 11 stick; pant; lick; saliva
(f) Muscle cell 12 (a) water; mud
12 (a) Muscle tissue (b) shade; reduces
(b) Epithelial tissue (c) water; flaps
13 (a) Cell (d) mucus; increase
(b) System 13 (a) Puff up; heat
(c) Organ (b) fat; heat insulator
(d) Organ (c) Hibernate
(e) Organ 14 body heat
(f) Cell 15 body temperature
14 (a) Blood circulatory system 16 (i) faster
(b) Nervous system (ii) faster
(c) Excretory system (iii) increases
(d) Digestive system (iv) increases
(e) Reproductive/Endocrine system 17 (i) slower
(f) Respiratory system (ii) lower
(g) Skeletal system (iii) decreases
(h) Muscular system (iv) decreases
(i) Integumentary system 18 Transpiration
15 (a) Reduce the loss of water and enable gaseous 19 evaporation; cools down
exchange 20 Roll
(b) Absorb water and mineral salts from the soil. 21 stomata; water; transpiration
(c) Control the size of the stoma (leaf pore). 22 waterproof; valves
(d) Contain a large number of chloroplasts for
photosynthesis. Chapter 4
16 (a) Cellular respiration 1 (a) Sexual
(b) Photosynthesis (b) Asexual
(c) Water; carbon dioxide; light; chlorophyll 2 (a) B
17 (a) Carbon dioxide (b) BF
(b) oxygen (c) S
(c) light (d) BF
(d) light; chemical (e) B
18 (a) soften; break (f) BF
(b) chlorophyll (g) BF
(c) soften (h) S
(d) dark blue (i) BF
19 (a) carbon dioxide (j) V

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 (k) R S: Testa; T: Micropyle
(j) R P: shoot; Q: root; R: food; food; S: Protects; T: air; water
3 P: Sperm duct; 18 cotyledon; plumule; radicle
Q: Testis; 19 Water; air; warmth/heat/a suitable temperature
R: Seminal vesicle 20 N; L: M; K
S: Prostate gland;
T: Urethra; Chapter 5
U: Scrotum; 1 mass; space
V: Penis 2 (a) Air has mass.
P: sperms; testis; (b) Air occupies space.
Q: sperms; 3 Physical
R and S: fluid; sperms; 4 Chemical
T: sperms; urine; 5 physical
U: testis; 6 chemical
V: sperms; vagina 7 small; discrete
4 (a) V: Ovary; W: Cervix: X: Fallopian tube; 8 Atoms
Y: Uterus; Z: Vagina 9
V: ova; W: uterus; vagina; X: fertilisation;
Y: Implants; protects; Z: sperms; penis
(b) V: Ovulation; X: Fertilisation; Y: Implantation
5 P; S; T; Z; W; Y; X
6 P: Menstruation phase
Q: Repair phase Solid Liquid Gas
R: Fertile phase 10 (a) gaseous
S: Premenstrual phase (b) solid
T: Ovulation (c) Solids and liquids
7 Blood; dead ovum; uterine wall (d) Solids
8 (a) Fertilisation 11 (a) further apart
(b) Embryo (b) stronger
(c) Foetus (c) spaces
9 (a) Umbilical cord; placenta; embryo or foetus 12 Diffusion; Brownian
(b) Placenta; food; oxygen 13 gases; liquids; solids
10 (a) Proteins 14 slowly; close
(b) Calcium/phosphorus 15 fast; spaces
(c) Iron 16 (a) Melting; A
(d) Vitamins (b) Freezing; R
(e) Folic acid (c) Boiling/evaporating; A
11 (a) Contraceptive pills (d) Condensation; R
(b) Condom (e) Sublimation; A
(c) ICUD (f) Sublimation; R
(d) Diaphragm 17 (a) Evaporation
(e) Spermicide (b) Sublimation
(f) Vasectomy (c) Condensation
(g) Ligation (d) Freezing
12 (a) P: Anther; Q: Filament; R: Stamen; 18 unchanged
S: Petal; T: Sepal; U: Stigma; V: Style; W: Ovary; X: 19 unchanged
Pistil; Y: Ovule 20 unchanged
P: pollen grains; Q: anther; S: insects;pollination; T:
bud ; U: pollen grains;
Chapter 6
V: stigma; W: ovules
1 protons; neutrons; electrons
(b) male gametes; female gametes
2 Protons; neutrons
13 (a) Pollination
3 Electrons
(b) Fertilisation
4 positively; negatively; neutral
(c) Pollen tube
5 (a) Proton
(d) Seed
(b) Electron
(e) Fruit
(c) Neutron
14 (a) Self-pollination
6 atom
(b) Cross-pollination
7 molecule
15 Insects/Birds; wind; water
8 element; same
16 (a) Bright; White
9 elements
(b) Small; Large
10 compound
(c) Short; Long
11 compounds
(d) Present; Absent
12 mixture
(e) Small; Big
13 mixtures
(f) Fragrant; No fragrance
14 Periodic Table
17 P: Plumule; Q: Radicle; R: Cotyledon;
15 (a) P: Group

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 Q: Proton number Chapter 8
R: Metal 1 real; virtual
S: Non-metal 2 reflection
T: Transition elements 3 (a) Virtual; laterally inverted; upright; same; same
U: Halogen (b) Virtual; upright; enlarged
V: Noble gas (c) Virtual; upright; diminished
(b) 1; 18 4 convex
16 metals; non-metals 5 concave
17 (a) M 6 plane
(b) NM 7 vacuum
(c) M 8 faster
(d) NM 9 shadow
(e) M 10 Reflection
(f) M 11 40º
(g) NM 12 Refraction; density
18 (a) Magnet 13 (a) (i) normal
(b) Separating funnel
(c) Filtration
(d) Sieving
(e) Distillation air
(f) Sedimentation glass
(g) Chromatography
19 metal oxide
20 metal sulphide
21 equal; conserved (ii)
22 Electrolysis normal
23 chemical
24 chemical
25 physical water
26 physical air

Chapter 7
1 P: Nitrogen; 78 (iii)
normal
Q: Oxygen; 21
R: Inert gas; 0.97
S: Carbon dioxide; 0.03
2 air
glass

14

One fifth
3 (a) Nitrogen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Oxygen (a) X: Red; Y: Violet
(d) Inert gases (b) Dispersion and refraction
4 carbon (c) wavelengths; speeds; refracted
5 oxygen 15 White light
6 (a) carbon dioxide; greenhouse effect 16 Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
(b) Heat; global warming; melting 17
(c) rise; submerged sunlight
7 Combustion; heat; light
X
8 fuel; oxygen; heat Y
9 cut off; putting out
10 Air pollution
11 (a) Sulphur dioxide/Nitrogen dioxide
(b) Carbon dioxide raindrop
(c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
rainbow
12 Lead
13 fossil fuels
14 green plants dispersion; refraction; reflection

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 18 scattering (b) twilight; cannot
19 (a) Blue; scattered (c) dark; low; decreases
(b) Red 4 (a) crust; mantle; core
20 (a) Primary; red, blue; green (b) lithosphere
(b) Secondary; yellow; cyan; magenta (c) asthenosphere
21 (a) P: Magenta; Q: Yellow; R: Cyan; S: White (d) mesosphere
(b) K: White; L: Yellow; M: White; N: White 5 (a) Igneous
22 green; black (b) Sedimentary
23 (a) Red (c) Metamorphic
(b) Blue 6 Exogenic; energy
(c) Blue 7 Endogenic; internal heat
24 (a) Red 8 (a) EN
(b) Yellow; red; green (b) EX
(c) black (c) EX
(d) white (d) EX
(e) EN
Chapter 9 (f) EX
1 (a) Atmosphere (g) EN
(b) Hydrosphere (h) EX
(c) Biosphere (i) EX
(d) Geosphere 9 Geo-disasters
2 (a) (i) Exosphere 10 geological time scale
(ii) Thermosphere 11 Fossils
(iii) Mesosphere 12 surface
(iv) Stratosphere 13 Groundwater
(v) Troposphere 14 aquifer
(b) troposphere 15 Economic
(c) stratosphere 16 (a) metallic
(d) thermosphere (b) non-metallic
(e) mesosphere (c) rare earth
(f) exosphere 17 petroleum; natural gas; coal
3 (a) surface 18 Hydrothermal