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    1 The Nature and Variety of Living Organisms

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    Sam Shohet
    This document discusses the characteristics and variety of living organisms. It covers the key characteristics shared by all living things, such as nutrition, respiration, reproduction, etc. It then describes the four eukaryotic kingdoms - plants, animals, fungi and protoctists - noting features like chloroplasts in plants, cell walls in fungi, and motility in animals. Prokaryotes like bacteria are also covered, emphasizing their lack of nuclei. Finally, pathogens are defined and viruses are described as the smallest and most parasitic type of pathogen.

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    1 The Nature and Variety of Living Organisms

    Uploaded by

    Sam Shohet
    161 views3 pages
    This document discusses the characteristics and variety of living organisms. It covers the key characteristics shared by all living things, such as nutrition, respiration, reproduction, etc. It then describes the four eukaryotic kingdoms - plants, animals, fungi and protoctists - noting features like chloroplasts in plants, cell walls in fungi, and motility in animals. Prokaryotes like bacteria are also covered, emphasizing their lack of nuclei. Finally, pathogens are defined and viruses are described as the smallest and most parasitic type of pathogen.

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    1 the Nature and Variety of Living Organisms

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    This document discusses the characteristics and variety of living organisms. It covers the key characteristics shared by all living things, such as nutrition, respiration, reproduction, etc. It then describes the four eukaryotic kingdoms - plants, animals, fungi and protoctists - noting features like chloroplasts in plants, cell walls in fungi, and motility in animals. Prokaryotes like bacteria are also covered, emphasizing their lack of nuclei. Finally, pathogens are defined and viruses are described as the smallest and most parasitic type of pathogen.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    161 views3 pages

    1 The Nature and Variety of Living Organisms

    Uploaded by

    Sam Shohet
    This document discusses the characteristics and variety of living organisms. It covers the key characteristics shared by all living things, such as nutrition, respiration, reproduction, etc. It then describes the four eukaryotic kingdoms - plants, animals, fungi and protoctists - noting features like chloroplasts in plants, cell walls in fungi, and motility in animals. Prokaryotes like bacteria are also covered, emphasizing their lack of nuclei. Finally, pathogens are defined and viruses are described as the smallest and most parasitic type of pathogen.

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    1 The nature and variety of living organisms

    The following sub-topics are covered in this section.

    1. (a)  Characteristics of living organisms


    2. (b)  Variety of living organisms

    (a) Characteristics of living organisms

    1.1 understand how living organisms share the following characteristics:

     they require nutrition


     they respire
     they excrete their waste
     they respond to their surroundings
     they move
     they control their internal conditions
     they reproduce
     they grow and develop.

    Characteristics of a living organism


     An organism is a separate object which carries out the 7 life processes (MRS GREN)
     These processes are:
    1. Movement
    2. Respiration
    3. Sensitivity

    4. Growth
    5. Reproduction
    6. Excretion
    7. Nutrition

    (b) Variety of living organisms

    1.2 describe the common features shown by eukaryotic organisms: plants, animals,
    fungi and protoctists

    Plants
     They are multicellular organisms
     Their cells contain chloroplasts giving them the ability to photosynthesize
     They have cellulose cell walls
     They store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
    Animals
     They are multicellular organisms
     They have no cell walls
     They have a nervous system which can coordinate movement
     They often store carbohydrates as glycogen
    Fungi
     Their body is usually organized into a mycelium made of a network of thread like
    structures called hyphae which contain many nuclei
     Some groups of fungi like molecules are multicellular other groups, like yeast are
    unicellular
     They have cell walls made of chitin
     They feed by saprotrophic nutrition they secrete digestive enzymes extracellulary
    onto food material and absorb the organic products
     They may store carbohydrates as glycogen

    1.3 describe the common features shown by prokaryotic organisms such as


    bacteria

    Bacteria
     Microscopic, single celled organisms
     They have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmalids, but lack a nucleus
     They contain circular chromosomes of DNA
     Some bacteria can photosynthesize bust most feed off other living or dead
    organisms
     There are 3 basic shapes: rods, spheres and spirals
     Bacteria can be pathogens, producers and decomposers
    Protoctists
     Microscopic single-celled organisms
     Some like amoeba. Live in pond water and have features like an animal cell, they are
    called protozoa
     Others like cholera have chloroplasts like a plant, they are called algars
     An example of a protoctsits is plasmodium which causes malaria

    1.4 understand the term pathogen and know that pathogens may include fungi,
    bacteria, protoctists or viruses

    Viruses
     They are not living organisms
     They are smaller than bacteria
     They are parasitic and can only reproduce inside living cells
     They infect every type of organism
     They have a protein coat and one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA
     An example is HIV that causes AIDS
     These are the 6 major groups of organisms: plants, animals, fungi, protactists,
    bacteria and viruses

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