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    Contrastive and Concession

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    Arty Yuniar
    The document discusses different types of conjunctions and clauses. It defines contrastive conjunctions as linking two different ideas to emphasize contrast. Examples include however, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast, even if, and unless. Concessive clauses use conjunctions like although and even though to express an idea that is opposite to the main clause. Despite and in spite of are similar but followed by nouns or verb+ing rather than clauses.

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    Contrastive and Concession

    Uploaded by

    Arty Yuniar
    241 views13 pages
    The document discusses different types of conjunctions and clauses. It defines contrastive conjunctions as linking two different ideas to emphasize contrast. Examples include however, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast, even if, and unless. Concessive clauses use conjunctions like although and even though to express an idea that is opposite to the main clause. Despite and in spite of are similar but followed by nouns or verb+ing rather than clauses.

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    The document discusses different types of conjunctions and clauses. It defines contrastive conjunctions as linking two different ideas to emphasize contrast. Examples include however, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast, even if, and unless. Concessive clauses use conjunctions like although and even though to express an idea that is opposite to the main clause. Despite and in spite of are similar but followed by nouns or verb+ing rather than clauses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    241 views13 pages

    Contrastive and Concession

    Uploaded by

    Arty Yuniar
    The document discusses different types of conjunctions and clauses. It defines contrastive conjunctions as linking two different ideas to emphasize contrast. Examples include however, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast, even if, and unless. Concessive clauses use conjunctions like although and even though to express an idea that is opposite to the main clause. Despite and in spite of are similar but followed by nouns or verb+ing rather than clauses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13

    CONTRASTIVE

    CONJUNCTION

    CONCESSIVE CLAUSE
     A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb.
     Independent clauses express a complete thought and can stand
    alone as a sentence.
     A dependent clause cannot function on its own because it leaves
    an idea or thought unfinished. A dependent clause alone cannot
    form a complete sentence.
    CONJUNCTION

     Conjunctions are words that connects or joins words, phrases, or


    clauses together.
     Conjunctions allow you to form complex, elegant sentences and
    avoid the choppiness of multiple short sentences.
     Make sure that the phrases joined by conjunctions
    are parallel (share the same structure).
    CONTRASTIVE CONJUNCTION

     Contrastive conjunctions link two ideas that are considered to be


    different.
     Contrastive conjunctions are used to emphasize the contrast
    between two ideas and to link two ideas or statement that are
    considered to be different.
     Examples of contrastive conjunctions:
    However, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast
    even if, unless
    HOWEVER/NEVERTHELESS

     However and nevertheless introduce a sentence that gives


    information which is unexpected or surprising in light of information
    given in a previous sentence.
    Clause 1. However, clause 2
    Clause 1. Nevertheless, clause 2
    Examples:
    Nuclear fission produces highly toxic radioactive wastes. Nevertheless,
    it produces no greenhouse gases.
    Nuclear fission produces no greenhouse gases. However, it does
    produce highly toxic radioactive wastes.
    Unless

     Unless is similar in meaning as “if not”. Unless is used instead


    of if...not in conditional sentences of all types. The order of the
    clauses doesn't matter with sentences using unless. We normally use
    unless with present tenses when we are referring to the future.

    For example:
    Unless you have reserved seats, you won’t get in to see the show.
    (You won’t get in to see the show if you don’t have reserved seats.

    Let’s play tennis on Saturday unless it’s raining


    (Let’s play tennis on Saturday if it’s not raining.)
    Even If (even though)

     We use even if when we’re talking about an unreal situation. We use


    it when we’re speculating or when we don’t consider something as
    a fact.
     To understand this better, let’s look at an example:
    “I’m going out tomorrow even if it’s raining.”
    In this situation, I don’t know if it’s going to rain tomorrow or not, but
    I’m still going out.
     Here are some other examples,
    “She’s leaving the company, even if they give her a promotion.”
    “Even if we had the money, we wouldn’t live in a big house.”
    On the other hand / in contrast

     We use "on the other hand" to contrast two different views of a


    single issue or problem. Note that although these two views may
    represent opposites, they do not contradict or cancel each other
    out.
     "On the other hand" can sometimes also include the meanings of
    "in contrast“
     On the other hand and in contrast are normally placed in initial
    position in a sentence when contrasting two ideas. They can,
    however, also come in mid position. See the example:
     Fossil fuel companies have worked relentlessly to convince the
    American public that global warming is a 'Chicken Little' fantasy.
    The insurance industry, on the other hand, knows that global
    warming is real because hurricanes, cyclones, and floods between
    1990 and 1995 cost the industry about fifteen times as much as such
    events had cost in the 1980s.

     The average surface temperature of the moon, about the same


    distance as the Earth from the Sun, is -18°C. The moon, of course,
    has no atmosphere. In contrast, the average surface temperature of
    the Earth is +15°C. This heating effect is called the natural
    greenhouse effect.
    CONCESSIVE CLAUSE

     A concessive clause is usually a subordinate clause that expresses


    that expresses an idea that suggests the opposite of the main part
    of the sentence. The idea is often surprising, unusual, or unexpected.
     Concessive clauses usually follow the concessive
    conjunctions although, even though or though.
    Concessive clause with although,
    even though
    Although and even though are followed by a clause
    although + a clause (S+V)
    even though + a clause (S+V)
    Example
     Although he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car
     He refused to buy a new car although he had enough money

     Even though it was raining, he walked to the station.


     He walked to the station even though it was raining.
    Despite/in spite of

     “In spite of" , " despite" have similar meaning to "although" or "even
    though". BUT they don't introduce clauses. They are followed
    by nouns or gerunds (verb+ing.)
     Despite is followed by noun  despite + noun/verb ing
    Despite the rain, we enjoyed the festival.
    We enjoyed the festival, despite the rain.
     In spite of is followed by gerund  in spite of + noun/verb ing
    In spite of the pain in his leg, he completed the marathon.
    Although/even though
    VS
    Despite/in spite of

    The examples below show us that although/even though and despite/in spite
    of are similar in meaning but are used differently
    Although/even though + clause (S+V) Despite/in spite of + noun/verb ing
    Even though she’s a millionaire, she lives in In spite of being millionaire, she lives in a
    a humble apartment humble flat
    He got the job although he has prison He got the job despite his prison record.
    record
    Even though we put all our hard work, a lot In spite of all our hard work, a lot of things
    of things went wrong. went wrong.
    Although we put all our hard work, a lot of Despite all our hard work, a lot of things
    things went wrong. went wrong.

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