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    D. 3 Functions of The Liver

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    Steven Bryson
    The liver plays a key role in regulating the chemical composition of the blood by processing nutrients absorbed from the gut. It receives nutrients via the hepatic portal vein and oxygenated blood via the hepatic artery. The liver regulates nutrient levels through storage and release, detoxification, production of plasma proteins, breakdown of red blood cells, and bile production. It is responsible for carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, as well as detoxification of harmful substances. The liver's dual blood supply and sinusoidal structure allow for increased permeability and efficient exchange of materials with hepatocytes.

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    D. 3 Functions of The Liver

    Uploaded by

    Steven Bryson
    27 views10 pages
    The liver plays a key role in regulating the chemical composition of the blood by processing nutrients absorbed from the gut. It receives nutrients via the hepatic portal vein and oxygenated blood via the hepatic artery. The liver regulates nutrient levels through storage and release, detoxification, production of plasma proteins, breakdown of red blood cells, and bile production. It is responsible for carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, as well as detoxification of harmful substances. The liver's dual blood supply and sinusoidal structure allow for increased permeability and efficient exchange of materials with hepatocytes.

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    D. 3 Functions of the Liver

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    The liver plays a key role in regulating the chemical composition of the blood by processing nutrients absorbed from the gut. It receives nutrients via the hepatic portal vein and oxygenated blood via the hepatic artery. The liver regulates nutrient levels through storage and release, detoxification, production of plasma proteins, breakdown of red blood cells, and bile production. It is responsible for carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, as well as detoxification of harmful substances. The liver's dual blood supply and sinusoidal structure allow for increased permeability and efficient exchange of materials with hepatocytes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views10 pages

    D. 3 Functions of The Liver

    Uploaded by

    Steven Bryson
    The liver plays a key role in regulating the chemical composition of the blood by processing nutrients absorbed from the gut. It receives nutrients via the hepatic portal vein and oxygenated blood via the hepatic artery. The liver regulates nutrient levels through storage and release, detoxification, production of plasma proteins, breakdown of red blood cells, and bile production. It is responsible for carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, as well as detoxification of harmful substances. The liver's dual blood supply and sinusoidal structure allow for increased permeability and efficient exchange of materials with hepatocytes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Functions of the Liver

    By: Putri-Raisha
    Essential Idea: The chemical composition of the blood is regulated by the liver

    Undertsnadings:

    - The liver intercepts blood from


    the gut to regulate
    Liver Blood Flow
    Understanding: The liver intercepts blood from The liver functions to process the nutrients
    the gut to regulate nutrient levels absorbed from the gut and hence regulates the
    body’s’ metabolic processes.
    The liver is a lobed organ located below the - It is responsible for the storage and
    diaphragm that functions to regulate the controlled release of key nutrients (e.g.
    chemical composition of blood. glycogen, cholesterol, and triglycerides)
    - It is responsible for the detoxification of
    - It receives oxtgenated blood via the
    potentially harmful ingested substances
    hepatic artery
    (e.g. amino acids, medications, and
    - The liver also receives nutrients rich blood
    alcohol)
    from the gut via the portal vein
    - It produces plasma proteins hat function to
    - Deoxygenated blood is transported from
    maintain sustainable osmotic conditions
    the liver via the hepatic vein
    within the bloodstream
    - T is responsible for the breakdown of red
    blood cells and the production of bile salts
    Overview of Hepatic Circulation
    Liver Structure
    Application: Dual blood supply to the liver and differences between sinusoids and capillaries

    Hepatic Lobules:

    The liver is composed of smaller histological structures called lobules, which are roughly hexagonal in shape

    - Each lobule is surrounded by branches of the hepatic artery and the portal vein
    - These vessels drain into capillary-like structures called sinusoids, which exchange materials directly with the
    hepatocytes
    - The sinusoids drain into central vein, which feeds deoxygenated blood into the hepatic vein
    - Hepatocytes also produce bile, which is transported by vessels called canaliculi to bile ducts, which surround the
    lobule
    Structural Organisation of the Liver
    Liver Structure
    Sinusoids:

    Sinusoids are a type of small blood vessel found in the liver that perform a similar
    function to capillaries (material exchange)

    - Sinusoids have increased permeability, allowing larger molecules to enter and


    leave the bloodstream

    The increased permeability of sinusoids is important for liver function and is due to
    a number of structural features:

    - The surrounding diaphram is incomplete or discontinuous in sinusoids


    - The endothelial layer contains large intercellular gaps and fewer tight
    junctions (that allows the passaging of larger molecules)
    Structural Differences Between Sinusoids and Capillaries
    Nutrient Supply
    The liver plays an important role in regulating Carbohydrate Metabolism:
    the levels of nutrients in the bloodstream
    - excess glucose in the bloodstream is
    - Nutrients absorbed by the small intestine taken up by the liver and stored as
    are transported by the hepatic portal vein glycogen
    to the liver for metabolism - When blood glucose levels drop, the liver
    - The liver converts these nutrients into breaks dwn glycogen into glucose and
    forms that can be stored and mediates exports it to body tissues
    their transport to various tissues - When hepatic gylcogen reserves become
    - Nutrients stored within the liber include exhausted, the liver sythesises glucose
    glycogen, iron, vitamin A and D from other sources
    - These metabolic processes are
    coordinated by the pancreatic hormones -
    insulin and glucagon
    ■ The body can not store amino acids, meaning
    they must be broken down when in excess
    ■ Amino acid breakdown releases an amine group
    (NH2), which cannot be used by the body and is
    potentially toxic
    ■ The liver is responsible for the removal of the
    amine group (deamination) and its conversion
    into a harmless product
    ■ The amine group is converted into urea by the
    liver, which is excreted within urine by the kidneys
    ■ The liver can also synthesise non-essential amino
    acids from surplus stock (via transamination)

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