Introduction to

Network
Networking Today

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Networks Affect Our Lives
No Boundaries
• World without boundaries
• Global communities
• Human network

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What is a network

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Network Components
• A network can be as simple as a
single cable connecting two
computers or as complex as a
collection of networks that span
the globe.
• Network infrastructure contains
three broad categories of network
components:
• Devices
• Media
• Services/data
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Network Components
End Devices
An end device is where a message originates from or where it is
received. Data originates with an end device, flows through the
network, and arrives at an end device.

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 Network Components
Intermediary Network Devices
An intermediary device interconnects end devices.
Examples include switches, wireless access points,
routers, and firewalls.
The role of an intermediary device, including:
• Regenerate and retransmit data signals.
• Maintain information about what pathways exist in the network.
• Notify other devices of errors and communication failures.
• Direct data along alternate pathways when there is a link
failure
• Classify and direct messages according to priorities
• Permit or deny the flow of data based on security setting
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Network Components
Network Media
Communication across a network
is carried through a medium
which allows a message to travel
from source to destination.
• Networks typically use three
types of media:
• Metallic wires within cables, such
as copper
• Glass, such as fiber optic cables
• Wireless transmission

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Network Components
Services
Services include many of the
common network applications
people use every day, like
• email hosting services and
• web hosting services

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Network Representations and
Topologies
Network Representations
Network diagrams, often called
topology diagrams, use symbols to
represent devices within the network.

Important terms to know include:

• Network Interface Card (NIC)
• Physical Port
• Interface

Note: Often, the terms port and

interface are used interchangeably
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Network Representations and
Topologies
Network Representations

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Network Representations and
Topologies
Topology Diagrams

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Network Components
Peer-to-Peer

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Network Components
Peer-to-Peer
• Advantages • Disadvantages
• Easy to set up • Not scalable
• Less complex • No centralized administration
• Lower cost • Not as secure
• Used for simple tasks: • Slower performance
transferring files and sharing
printers

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Network Components
Client/Server
• Every computer connected to a
network is called a host or end device.
• Servers are computers that provide
information to end devices on the
network. For example, email servers,
web servers, or file server
• Clients are computers that send
requests to the servers to retrieve
information such as a web page from
a web server or email from an email
server.

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Network Components
Peer-to-Peer
Client Server
• Advantages • Disadvantages
• Very highly scalable (very • Relatively expensive (we have
easy to expand the size of to implement different OS,
network) Win XP, Netware Linux, Win
• Much easier to support 2000)
(centralized servers) • Takes a lot of planning before
a head

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Common Types of Networks
Networks of Many Sizes
• Small Home Networks – connect a few
computers to each other and the
Internet
• Small Office/Home Office – enables
computer within a home or remote
office to connect to a corporate network
• Medium to Large Networks – many
locations with hundreds or thousands of
interconnected computers
• World Wide Networks – connects
hundreds of millions of computers
world-wide – such as the Internet

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Common Types of Networks
LANs and WANs
Network infrastructures vary greatly in
terms of:
• Size of the area covered
• Number of users connected
• Number and types of services
available
• Area of responsibility

Two most common types of networks:

• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN).
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Common Types of Networks
LANs and WANs Characteristics
• A LAN is a network infrastructure that spans a small
geographical area. • A WAN is a network infrastructure that spans a
• Usually administered by a single organization or wide geographical area.
individual. • Usually administered by multiple service providers.
• Provides high speed bandwidth to end and • WANs typically provide slower speed links
intermediary devices within the network. between LANs.

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Common Types of Networks
The Internet
The internet is a worldwide collection of
interconnected LANs and WANs.
• LANs are connected to each other using
WANs.
• WANs may use copper wires, fiber optic
cables, and wireless transmissions.
The internet is NOT owned by any individual
or group. The following groups were
developed to help maintain structure on the
internet:
• IETF
• ICANN
• IAB

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Common Types of Networks
Intranets and Extranets
• An intranet is a private collection of LANs
and WANs internal to an organization that
is meant to be accessible only to the
organization members or others with
authorization.
• An organization might use an extranet to
provide secure access to their network for
individuals who work for a different
organization that need access to their data
on their network.

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Internet Connections
Internet Access Technologies
There are many ways to connect users and
organizations to the internet:
• Popular services for home users and small
offices include broadband cable,
broadband digital subscriber line (DSL),
wireless WANs, and mobile services.
• Organizations need faster connections to
support IP phones, video conferencing and
data center storage.
• Business-class interconnections are usually
provided by service providers (SP) and may
include: business DSL, leased lines, and
Metro Ethernet.
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Internet Connections
Home and Small Office Internet
Connections
• Cable
• DSL
• Cellular
• Satellite
• Dial-up telephone

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Internet Connections
Businesses Internet Connections
Corporate business connections may require:
• higher bandwidth
• dedicated connections
• managed services

• Type of Connection
• Dedicated Leased Line
• Ethernet WAN
• DSL
• Satellite

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Internet Connections
The Converging Network
• Before converged networks, an
organization would have been
separately cabled for telephone,
video, and data. Each of these
networks would use different
technologies to carry the signal.
• Each of these technologies would
use a different set of rules and
standards.

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Internet Connections
The Converging Network (Cont.)
• Converged data networks carry
multiple services on one link including:
• data
• voice
• video
• Converged networks can deliver data,
voice, and video over the same
network infrastructure. The network
infrastructure uses the same set of
rules and standards.

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Reliable Network
Network Architecture

• Network Architecture refers to the technologies that support the infrastructure

that moves data across the network.

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Reliable Network
Fault Tolerance

• Reliable networks provide redundancy

by implementing a packet switched
network:
• Packet switching splits traffic into
packets that are routed over a
network.
• Each packet could theoretically take
a different path to the destination.
• This is not possible with circuit-
switched networks which establish
dedicated circuits.

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Reliable Network
Scalability

• A scalable network can expand

quickly and easily to support new
users and applications without
impacting the performance of
services to existing users.

• Network designers follow

accepted standards and protocols
in order to make the networks
scalable.

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Reliable Network
Quality of Service
Voice and live video transmissions require
higher expectations for those services being
delivered.
Have you ever watched a live video with
constant breaks and pauses? This is caused
when there is a higher demand for bandwidth
than available – and QoS isn’t configured.
• Quality of Service (QoS) is the primary
mechanism used to ensure reliable delivery
of content for all users.
• With a QoS policy in place, the router can
more easily manage the flow of data and
voice traffic.

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Reliable Network
Network Security

Three goals of network security:

• Confidentiality – only intended
recipients can read the data
• Integrity – assurance that the data
has not be altered with during
transmission
• Availability – assurance of timely
and reliable access to data for
authorized users

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Network Trends
Recent Trends

Several new networking trends

that effect organizations and
consumers:

• Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)

• Online collaboration
• Video communications
• Cloud computing and
virtualization

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Network Trends
Bring Your Own Device

• BYOD allows users to use their own

devices giving them more
opportunities and greater flexibility.
• BYOD allows end users to have the
freedom to use personal tools to
access information and communicate
using their:
• Laptops
• Netbooks
• Tablets
• Smartphones
• E-readers

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Network Trends
Online Collaboration

• Collaborate and work with others over

the network on joint projects.
• Collaboration tools including Cisco
WebEx (shown in the figure) gives users
a way to instantly connect and interact.
• Collaboration is a very high priority for
businesses and in education.
• Cisco WebEx Teams is a multifunctional
collaboration tool.
• send instant messages
• post images
• post videos and links

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Network Trends
Video Communication

• Video calls are made to anyone, regardless of where they are located.
• Video conferencing is a powerful tool for communicating with others.
• Video is becoming a critical requirement for effective collaboration.
• Cisco TelePresence powers is one way of working where everyone,
everywhere.

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Network Trends
Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing allows us to store personal
files or backup our data on servers over the
internet.
• Applications can also be accessed using the Cloud.
• Allows businesses to deliver to any device
anywhere in the world.

• Cloud computing is simply on-demand

delivery of computing power or services,
database storage, applications and other IT
resources over the internet.

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Network Trends
Cloud Computing (advantages)
• Run your business, don’t worry
about your IT
• Stop spending money on running
and maintaining data center
• Go Global in a min
• Stop guessing Capacity
• Instant software update
• Fewer maintenance cost.

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Different Types Of Cloud Computing
Deployment Models

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Big 3 Cloud infrastructure

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Virtualization
Benefits:
• Increased efficiency and
Multitasking.
• Manageability
• Sustainability
• Availability
• Security

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Software Defined Network SDN
is a network architecture approach that enables the network to be
intelligently and centrally controlled, or 'programmed,' using software
applications. 

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Thank You

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