ECE1004 Signals and Systems L T P J C

Pre-requisite MAT1011 : Calculus for Engineers 2 0 0 4 3

Syllabus version
2.0
Course Objectives:
1. To introduce students to fundamental signals like unit impulse, unit step, ramp and
exponentials and various operations on the signals.
2. To acquaint students to static, linear, time invariant, causal and stable systems.
3. To introduce students to the processing of signals through systems using convolution,
correlation operations.
4. To analyze the systems using Laplace and Z Transform.
Course Outcomes:
1. Differentiate between various types of signals and understand the implication of operations
of signals
2. Understand and classify systems based on the impulse response behavior of both
continuous time and discrete time systems
3. Perform domain transformation from time to frequency and understand the energy
distribution as a function of frequency
4. Apply Fourier transform for discrete time signals and understand the difference between
CTFT and DTFT.
5. Usefulness of convolution for analysing the LTI systems and understand the concepts of
power spectral density through correlation.
6. Solve differential and difference equations with initial conditions using Laplace and Z-
transforms.
7. Design a system based on the concepts of system properties.
Student Learning Outcomes(SLO): 1,2,17
Module:1 Introduction to Continuous-time and Discrete-time Signals 3 hours
Representation of signals, Signal classification, Types of signals, Operations on signals - Scaling,
Shifting, Transformation of independent variables, Sampling.
Module:2 Introduction to Continuous-time and Discrete-time Systems 3 hours
Classification of systems - Static and dynamic, Linear and non-linear, Time-variant and time-
invariant, Causal and non-causal, Stable and unstable, Impulse response and step response of
systems.
Module:3 Fourier Analysis of Continuous-time Signals 4 hours
Introduction to Fourier series, Gibbs Phenomenon, Continuous-time Fourier transform (CTFT),
Existence, Properties, Magnitude and phase response, Parseval’s theorem, Inverse Fourier
transform.
Module:4 Fourier Analysis of Discrete-time Signals 4 hours
Discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), Properties, Inverse discrete-time Fourier transform,
Comparison between CTFT and DTFT.
Module:5 Convolution and Correlation 4 hours
Continuous-time convolution, Convolution sum, Correlation between signals, Cross correlation,
Autocorrelation, Energy spectral density, Power spectral density

Module:6 System Analysis using Laplace transform 5 hours

Relation between Laplace and Fourier transforms, Properties, Inverse Laplace transform, Solution
to differential equations using Laplace transform, Region of convergence, Stability analysis.
Module:7 System Analysis using z-Transform 5 hours
z-transform, Properties, s-plane to z-plane mapping, Inverse z-transform, Solution to difference
equations using z-transform, Region of convergence, Stability analysis.
Module:8 Contemporary Issues 2 hours

Total lecture hours: 30 hours

Text Book
1. P. Rama Krishna Rao and Shankar Prakriya, “Signals and Systems”, 2013, second edition,
Mc-Graw Hill.
Reference Books
1. Alan. V. Oppenheim, Alan. S. Willsk, S. Hamid Nawab, “Signals and systems”, 2001, second
edition- PHI learning Pvt. ltd.
2. B. P. Lathi,”Signal processing and linear systems”, 2009, Oxford university press.
3 Simon Haykin and Barry VanVeen, “Signals and systems”, 2007, second edition, Wiley,
India.
Mode of Evaluation: Internal Assessment(CAT , Quizzes, Digital Assignments) & Final
Assessment Test (FAT)
Typical Projects
1. a) Prove any five Fourier series properties for continuous time signals.
b) Write a Matlab script to generate and plot the following discrete time signals for
−10  n  10 . Also compute their energies and display them on command prompt.
a) i)  (n) ii)  ( n − 2) iii)  (n + 3)
b) i) u (n) ii) u ( n − 3) iii) u (n + 4)
c) i) r ( n ) ii) r ( n − 3) iii) r ( n + 2)
2. a) Analysis of Power spectral density for deterministic signals and random signal.
b) Let x(n) = {1, 4,3,5, 7, 6,5, 4} . Write a Matlab script to determine and plot the


following sequences. (select suitable time scale)

i) y (n) = 3x(n + 2) − x(n − 2)
ii) y (n) = x(n) x(n − 2)
iii) y (n) = x(4 − n) + x(n) x(n + 2)
3. a) Write a Matlab script to generate and plot the following discrete time signals for
−10  n  10 . Also compute their energies and display them on command prompt.
n −1
i) x(n) = (0.8)
ii) x(n) = exp((1 + j ) * n) (plot the magnitude, phase, real and imaginary parts on four
different subplots)
iii) x(n) = 2 (n − 2) −  (n + 4)
 
5sin  n 
x ( n) = 2 
iv)
n
b) Prove any five Fourier series properties for discrete time signals.
4. a) Perceval’s theorem for both Continuous and discrete time signals in Fourier transform.
 b) Let x(n) = u (n) − u (n − 10) . Write a Matlab script to decompose x(n) into even
and odd components and plot them on two separate subplots.
5. a) Convolution for both Continuous and discrete time signals.
b) Generate and plot the signal: x(t ) = sin(2 t ), for 0  t  2 with an increment of
t  t 
0.01. Find the scaled versions of y1 (t ) = x   & y2 (t ) = x   and plot them.
2  16 
6. a) Correlation for both Continuous and discrete time signals.
b) The sinusoidal Fourier series of any periodic continuous waveform with period ‘T=1
sec’ is given by.
N
 2n t  N  2n t 
x(t ) = a0 +  an cos   +  bn sin   where
n =1  T  n =1  T 
 4
 , for n = 1,3,5, 7....
a0 = 0, an = 0, bn =  n (for square wave)

0 for n = 2, 4, 6,....
Consider ‘t’ form -3sec to 3sec in steps of 0.01. Compute and plot x (t ) for the
upper limit of n=15
7. a) Prove any five Fourier transforms properties for discrete time signals.
b) The sinusoidal Fourier series of any periodic continuous waveform with period ‘T=1
sec’ is given by.
N
 2n t  N  2n t 
x(t ) = a0 +  an cos   +  bn sin   where
n =1  T  n =1  T 
1
a0 = 0, an = 0, bn = − (for saw tooth wave)
n
Consider ‘t’ form -3sec to 3sec in steps of 0.01. Compute and plot x (t ) for the upper
limit n=25.
8. a) Analysis of system stability and causality issues in Z-Transform.
b) The sinusoidal Fourier series of any periodic continuous waveform with period ‘T=1
sec’ is given by.
N
 2n t  N  2n t 
x(t ) = a0 +  an cos   +  bn sin   where
n =1  T  n =1  T 
n −1
8
a0 = 0, an = 0, bn = (−1) 2 2 2 (for triangular wave)
n
Consider‘t’ form -3sec to 3sec in steps of 0.01. Compute and plot x (t ) for the upper limit n=35.
9. a)Consider the difference equation of a causal system:
y (n) − y (n − 1) + 0.9 y (n − 2) = x(n) for all n
I) Calculate and plot the impulse response h(n) for - 20  n  100
II) Calculate and plot the unit step response s (n) for - 20  n  100
III) Find out the stability of the system.
b) Let x(n) = u (n) − u (n − 9) and h(n) = (0.9) . Write a Matlab script to find out the
n

linear convolution of y (n) = x(n) * h(n) and plot x(n), h(n) and y (n) in different
 subplots.
10. a) Evaluate the DTFT of x(n) = (0.9) u (n) , at 512 equidistant points between [ − ,  ]
n

and plot its magnitude, phase, real and imaginary parts on four different subplots.
Extend the computation to 1024 equidistant points between [ , 5 ] , and observe its
periodicity and conjugate symmetry properties by plotting suitable plots.
b) Study the characteristics of EEG signal.

11. a) A third order system is described by the difference equation

y (n) = 0.0181x(n) + 0.0543x(n − 1) + 0.0543x (n − 2) + 0.0181x (n − 3)
+ 1.76 y (n − 1) − 1.1829 y (n − 2) + 0.2781y (n − 3)
Plot the magnitude and phase response of this system and verify that it is a low pass
filter.
b) The sinusoidal Fourier series of any periodic continuous waveform with period ‘T=1
sec’ is given by.
N
 2n t  N  2n t 
x(t ) = a0 +  an cos   +  bn sin   where
n =1  T  n =1  T 
 2 1
1 − , for n = 2, 4, 6,8....  , for n = 1
a0 = , an =   (n − 1)
2
, bn =  2
 0 for n = 1,3,5, 7,....
 0 for n  1
(Half wave Rectified sine wave)
Consider ‘t’ form -3sec to 3sec in steps of 0.01. Compute and plot x (t ) for the upper
limit n=35.
12. a) Spectrogram and magnitude response analysis for different speech signals.
b) Two different signals x1 (n) = cos(0.1 n) and x2 (n) = cos(0.4 n) .
Compute and plot the sequence x(n) = 3x1 (n) − 2 x2 (n) and its delayed version
xd (n) = x(n − 5) .
Mode of Evaluation: Review I, Review II and Review III
Recommended by Board of Studies 13/12/2015
Approved by Academic Council 39th AC Date 17/12/2015