Structural Analysis and Design Report of RCC

Building of
Mrs. Soma Neupane

Prepared By:
Er. Kshitiz Lamichhane
NEC No: 15389 Civil” A”

Magh, 2077

1
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1

1.1 Background..................................................................................................................1

1.2 Scopes of the Work:....................................................................................................2

1.3 Seismic Design Philosophy for Buildings...................................................................2

1.4 Effect on Reinforced Building by Earthquake............................................................2

1.5 Methodology:..............................................................................................................3

2. GEOMETRY OF THE BUILDING...................................................................................4

2.1 Planning of the Building..............................................................................................4

2.2 Plan of Building...........................................................................................................4

2.3 Salient Features of the Building..................................................................................5

3. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND LOADING.....................................................................6

3.1 Load Details and Types of Loading............................................................................6

3.1.1 Dead load.............................................................................................................6

3.1.2 Live load...............................................................................................................6

3.1.3 Lateral load...........................................................................................................6

3.1.4 Considered load cases..........................................................................................7

3.2 Load Combination.......................................................................................................7

3.3 Loading of Structure....................................................................................................8

4. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION.......................................................9

4.1 Analysis.......................................................................................................................9

4.2 Fundamental Time period Calculation......................................................................10

4.3 Seismic Load.............................................................................................................10

4.3.1 Base Shear Calculation......................................................................................10

4.4 Storey Drift................................................................................................................12

4.5 Modal Analysis:.........................................................................................................13

4.6 Analysis Results:.......................................................................................................14

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5. STRUCTURAL DESIGN.................................................................................................16

5.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................16

5.2 Limit State Method:...................................................................................................16

5.2.1 Philosophy..........................................................................................................16

5.3 Design of Structural Elements:..................................................................................17

5.3.1 Design of Beam..................................................................................................17

5.3.2 Design of Slab....................................................................................................21

5.3.3 Design of column:..............................................................................................22

5.3.4 Design of Staircase:............................................................................................24

5.3.5 Design of Foundation.........................................................................................25

6. CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................32

7. REFERENCE CODE........................................................................................................33

ANNEX I Analysis Result.......................................................................................................34

ANNEX II Design Summary……………………………………………………………….36

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1Background
Nepal is disaster prone country. The various causes for the disaster are landslides epidemic
and fires which causes considerable losses of life and property in Nepal every year. But out
of this earthquake is most devastating through it is not so frequent. Nepal is a seismic prone
country and the risk it faces from earthquake is very high. After Barpak, Gorkha earthquake
which occurred on 25th April 2015, the design of earthquake resistance of building became
very important. Cities of Nepal is getting congested since the construction of buildings are
being carried out rapidly due to population growth. So, there is a problem of scarcity of
land. The only measure that can be taken is construction of multi-storied buildings and
besides earthquake factor must be taken into account. Earthquake is considered to be
greatest and unpredictable among all-natural calamities.

In the history of Nepal numerous earthquakes which damaged many lives and
infrastructures. Though the time of shaking of earth mass is very small in fraction of seconds,
it causes severe damages of properties as well as the lives. Nepal has many experiences of such
destructive earthquakes. Out of them the earthquakes in 1990 B.S, 2045 B.S and 2072 B.S are
the recently known ones.

Thus, the seismic structural design of structures is found to be essential for countries like
Nepal. The structures need to be designed and detailed so as to counteract; the internal forces
induced due to the earth mass shaking at the base of these structures. The design should ensure
the structure has the prescribed level of stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable
levels of seismic safety.

However, it would not be economically feasible to design the building so as to ensure that they
remain elastic and damage-free after an earthquake because the occurrence of maximum
earthquakes is low say one in 75 years. Thus, it is reliable to design a ductile structure which
suffers damage but does not collapse for minimum destruction in lives and properties.

This report has been prepared in complete conformity with various stipulations in Indian
Standards, Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete IS 456-2016, Design Aids
for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456-2016(SP-16), Criteria Earthquake Resistant Design
Structures IS 1893-2002 and Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures IS
13920:1993. Use of these codes have emphasized on providing sufficient safety, economy,

1
strength and ductility besides satisfactory serviceability requirements of cracking and
deflection in concrete structures. These codes are based on principles of Limit State of
Design

1.2Scopes of the Work:

i. Identification of the type of the building, space occupied and the requirements of the
building.
ii. Calculation of the different types of loads that the building has to resist.
iii. Determination of the lateral forces “earthquake load” that the structural system has
to bear.
iv. Determination of fundamental time period by free vibration analysis
v. Calculation of base shear and vertical distribution of equivalent earthquake load.
vi. Identification of load cases and load combination cases.
vii. ETABS Modelling and analysis.
viii. Design of RC frame members, walls, mat foundation, staircase, and other by limit
state method of design
ix. Detailing of individual members and preparation of drawings as a part of working
construction document.

1.3Seismic Design Philosophy for Buildings

The seismic design philosophy may be summarized as follows:

a. Under minor but frequent shaking, the main members of the building that carry vertical
and horizontal forces should not be damaged; however, building parts that do not carry
load may sustain repairable damage.
b. Under moderate but occasional shaking, the main members may sustain repairable
damage, while the other parts of the building may be damaged such that they may even
have to be replaced after the earthquake.
c. Under strong but rare shaking, the main members may sustain severe (even irreparable)
damage, but the building should not collapse.

1.4Effect on Reinforced Building by Earthquake

A typical RC building is made of horizontal members (beams &slabs) and vertical members
(columns &wall), and supported by foundation that rest on ground. The system comprising
of RC columns and connecting beams is called RC frame the RC frame participates in
resisting the earthquake forces. Shaking due to earthquake develops the inertia forces in the
building which are proportioned to the building mass.

2
Earthquake induced inertia forces preliminary develop at the floor level of these forces
travel downwards through slab and beam to column and walls, & then to the foundation
from where they are dispersed to the ground. Inertia forces accumulate downwards from the
top of the building the columns and wall at the lower storey experience higher earthquake-
induced forces & are therefore designed to be stronger than those in storeys above.

When beams bend in the vertical direction during earthquakes, these thin slabs bend along
with them. When beams move with column in horizontal direction, the slab usually forces
the beams to move together with. This behaviour is known as rigid diaphragm action.

For the building to remain safe during earthquake shaking, columns (which receive forces
from beams) should be stronger than beams, and foundations (which receive forces from
columns) should be stronger than columns. Connections between beams & columns,
columns &foundation should not fail before the failure of beam.

1.5Methodology:
i. Study of the Architectural Drawing
ii. Load Calculation
iii. Modelling, Analysis and Verification
iv. Design
v. Detailing

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 2. GEOMETRY OF THE BUILDING
2.1Planning of the Building
Functional Planning of Building is done based on two principles:

i. Client Requirements are the primary governing factor in space requirement calculations.
These requirements are enumerated then planned in the available space with
architectural provisions for space allocation and management.

Municipal By-Laws and Guidelines dictate the design of building structures within their
judicial province. At our proposed site in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Ward No-14, the
building by-laws prepared and implemented by Kathmandu Metropolitan City is in action.
Thus, with consideration of both the planning features explained above in brief, the
planning was done for maximum benefit of client.

Structural planning: The building is to be designed as earthquake resistant structure,

regular geometrical shape without any abrupt changes in plan are incorporated based on
IS1893 (part1):2016.

2.2Plan of Building

Figure: Ground Floor Plan

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2.3Salient Features of the Building
The proposed residential building is located Pokhara, which is to be served as for the
purpose of residential. The general features of this proposed building are as follows:

1. Type of the building Residential Building

2. Plinth Floor Area 895.00 Sq. ft
3. Structural System Special Moment Resisting Frame
4. Soil Type Soft Soil (Type II)
5. Seismic Zone V
6. Foundation Isolated Foundation
7. Number of Storey Three Storey plus Stair Cover
8. Floor to Floor Height 9’6”
9. Size of column 300 X 300 mm
10. Size of Beam 355 X 230 mm
11. Slab thickness 125 mm
12. Depth of Foundation 5 feet
13. Concrete M20 in beam, column, slab and foundation.
14. Steel Fe 500
15. Analysis Tool ETABS 2017
16. Safe Bearing Capacity 150 KN/m2

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 3. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND LOADING
The planning of the residential buildings has been done as per the available land area, shape
and space according to the building bylaws and requirements of the IS-codes for the residential
building.

3.1 Load Details and Types of Loading

3.1.1 Dead load
Self-weight of the structure including beams, columns and slabs.
Dead loads from walls:
Dead loads are assigned in respective sections by considering 25% openings for the outer
walls and 20% openings for inner partition walls. Similarly, loads in a parapet walls are
taken as UDL considering thickness, height and unit weight. Unit weights are considered as
follows for different materials and sections:
From IS 875 part 1
– Unit weight of RCC: 25 KN/m3 (Table 1, No 20)
– Unit weight of Cement plaster 20.4 KN/m3 (Table 1, No 25)
– Unit weight of brick masonry 19.2 KN/m3
– Unit weight mortar screed 0.21 KN/m2 (Table 2, No 8)
– Unit weight of Marble finishing 26.7 KN/m3 (Table 1, No 47)

The distribution is done such that the maximum Bending Moment in the beam due to actual
loading (Triangular or Trapezoidal) is equal to that due to the equivalent UDL.

However, in this analysis, the dead load and the live loads are applied on the slab itself and
these are distributed to the beams by the software itself as per above mentioned rules

3.1.2 Live load

From IS 875 part 2 for residential building
– Imposed load for dwelling residential building all rooms, kitchen, toilet and bathroom
2 KN/m2 (Table 1, 1,a1)
– For Corridors, passages and stair case 3 KN/m2 (Table 1, 1,a2)
2
– For balconies 3 KN/m
– For roof with Access 1.5KN/m2 (Table2, 1,1)

3.1.3 Lateral load

According to NBC 105:1994 and IS 1823-2002 site is lies on zone 1, V respectively.
Effect of earthquake is predominant than wind load. So, the frame is analysed for
Earthquake as a lateral load. Various factors which are considered for the analysis:

Seismic zone factor : 0.36

Soil type : Medium-II
Importance factor (I) :1

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 Response reduction factor : 5 (for Special Moment resisting frame)
Detail about lateral load analysis is presented below in result sections. Earthquake load has
been considered in both +ve and –ve direction of two primary axes (X and Y axes). For the
loading seismic weight is considered total dead load plus appropriate factor of live load,
roof load is not considered for the seismic weight determination.

3.1.4 Considered load cases

Load cases considered for the analysis are as follows:
 Self-weights
 Dead loads of frames
 Dead load of slab
 Dead load of external brick wall
 Dead load of internal partitions
 Dead load of staircase
 Dead load of parapet walls
 Dead load of floor finish
 Live load on floors
 Live load on staircase
 Live load on roof
 Earthquake load (in +ve and –ve X-direction)
 Earthquake load (in +ve and –ve Y-direction)

3.2 Load Combination

Different load combinations used for above specified loads in the project are as follows:

S N. COMBINATION
1 1.5 DL
2 1.5 (DL + LL )
Where, 
3 1.2 (DL +0.25 LL ± EQX)
4 1.2 (DL +0.25 LL ± EQY) DL = DEAD LOAD
5 1.5 (DL ± EQX) LL = LIVE LOAD
6 1.5 (DL ± EQY)
7 0.9DL ± 1.5 EQX EQ= EARTHQUAKE LINEAR
8 0.9DL ± 1.5 EQY X,Y = RESPECTIVE DIRECTIONS

The combination is done as per code clause 6.3.1.2, IS: 1893 (PART 1):2002

3.3 Loading of Structure

Different loads act on the structure which were mentioned in the previous sections. The loading
in the structure is presented in detailed manner in annex section.

3.3.1 Wall Loading

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Generally, the wall loads include the loads from main wall, partition wall and parapet wall. In
this case, the parapet wall load is applied on the corresponding beams.

Figure: Typical 9” wall load in beam “UDL” (Openings Considered)

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 4. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION
4.1 Analysis
For the purpose of seismic analysis of building the structural analysis program is used. It
has a special option for modelling horizontal rigid floor diaphragm system. A floor
diaphragm is modelled as a rigid horizontal plane parallel to global X-Y plane, so that all
points on any floor diaphragm cannot displace relative to each other in X-Y plane. This
type of modelling is very useful in the lateral dynamic analysis of building. The base shear
and earthquake lateral force are calculated as per code IS 1893 (part1): 2002 and are
applied at each master joint located on every storey of the building. The building is
modelled as a 3D bare frame. Results from analysis are used in design of beams and
columns. Joints are defined with constraints to serve as rigid floor diaphragm and hence
slabs are designed manually as effect of seismic load is not seen on slab. Material
properties are defined for elements in terms of their characteristic strength i.e. M20 for
slabs, beams columns. Loading combination based on IS 875 (part V):1987 and IS 1893
(part 1):2002 for ultimate limit state and IS 456:2016 for serviceability limit state is
prepared.

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 Figure: 3D model of building in ETABS 2017

4.2 Fundamental Time period Calculation

According to IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002, Cl.7.4.2
0.09 h
T a=
√d
Where,
h = height of building in m,
d = base dimension of the building at the plinth level in m along the considered direction of the
lateral force.

4.3 Seismic Load

Seismic weight is the total dead load plus approximate amount of specified imposed load.
While computing the seismic weight of each floor, the weight of columns and walls in any
storey shall be equally distributed to the floors above and below the storey. The seismic
weight of the whole building is the sum of the seismic weights of all the floors. It has been
calculated according to IS 1893 (part I) - 2002.

Seismic load or earthquake load on a building depends upon its geographical location,
lateral stiffness and mass, and is reversible. Its effect should be considered along both axes
of building taken at a time. A force is defined as the product of mass and acceleration.
During an earthquake, the mass is imparted by the building whereas the acceleration is
imparted by the ground disturbance. In order to have minimum force, the mass of the
building should be as low as possible. The point of application of this inertial force is the
centre of gravity of the mass on each floor of the building.

4.3.1 Base Shear Calculation

As per IS 1893:2002 base shear (Vb) is given by

Vb= Ah × W (Code IS 1893:2002)

Where,
Ah= Design horizontal seismic coefficient
W= Weight of the building (KN)

Z I Sa
A h=
2 R g (Code IS 1893:2002 Clause 6.4.2)

Where,

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Z = zone factor (IS 1893 (Part 1):2002)
I = importance factor, depending upon the functional use of the structure
R = response reduction factor
Sa/g = Average Response Acceleration Coefficient
Now Vertical distribution of Base Shear to different floor level (Lateral force)

Q iz =V B Z ×
(W i× hi2 )
∑ ( W i ×hi 2 )
(IS: 1893(Part 1):2002)

Where
wi = Seismic weight of floor i
hi = Height of floor i measured from base
n= no of storeys
Seismic Zone V Table 2 IS 1893 2002 pg 16
Seismic Intensity z 0.36

Importance factor I 1 Table 6 IS 1893 2002 pg 18

Response Reduction Factor R 5 Table 7 IS 1893 2002 pg 23

Lateral Dimension of Building d 11.4 meters

Height of the of Building h 12 meters

with brick infill

Fundamental Natural Period Ta 0.320

Type of Soil Medium Soil

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient S a/g 2.500

Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient A h 0.09

Seismic Weight of Building W 2944 KN

Design Seismic Base Shear VB 264.96 KN

Table 4.1: Base shear calculation as per IS 1893:2002

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4.4 Storey Drift
Storey drift is the displacement of one level relative to the other level above or below. The
storey drift in any storey due to design lateral force, with load factor 1.0 should not exceed
0.004 times the storey height.

i.e. storey drift <0.004h ror 0.4%h

Where h = storey height

Table 4.2: Storey drift

Figure: Displacement along X and Y direction.

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4.5 Modal Analysis:
Modal analysis is carried out up to first five modes confirming more than 90% seismic
mass participation and it is applied for lateral seismic force distribution generated with
IS1893-2002 (Part-II) based spectral function for soil type-II

Table 4.3: Modal participating mass ratios

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4.6 Analysis Results:
ETABS2016 V19 is used to analyse and design of RC building. Some of the analysis
results are presented here and detail analysis results is presented in annex

Deformed Shape due to EQx Deformed Shape due to EQy

Figure: Envelope Bending Moment Diagram Y-Z plane

14
 Figure: Envelope Shear diagram Y-Z and X-Z plane

Figure: Axial force in column X-Z plane Figure: Axial force in column X-Z plane
due to EQx due to EQx

15
5. STRUCTURAL DESIGN
5.1 Introduction
The main aim of structural design part is to design a structure so that it fulfils its intended
purpose during its intended lifetime with adequate safety, serviceability and economy.
Considering such fulfilment, the structural analysis of each structural frames (column,
beam) been done using ETABS 2016 and according to the analysis results, the design of
each element has been done by the principles of Limit State Method. Account should be
taken of accepted theories, experiments as well as durability. The principles adopted and
assumptions of Limit State Design method are listed below.

5.2 Limit State Method:

5.2.1 Philosophy
The structure shall be design to withstand safely all the loads liable to act on it throughout
its life. If the design is based on the limit state concept and it shall also satisfy the
serviceability requirements, such as limitations on deflection, crack etc. The acceptable
limit for the safety ad serviceability requirement before failure occurs is called “Limit
State”. The aim of design on our project work is to achieve acceptable probabilistic that the
structure will not be unfit for use for which it is intended.

Assumptions of the flexure member

1. Plane section normal to the axis of the member remains plane after bending.
2. The minimum strain in concrete at the outermost compression fibre is 0.0035.
3. The relationships between the compression stress distribution in concrete and the
strain in the concrete may be assumed to be rectangle, trapezoidal, parabola or any
other shapes which purposes, the compressive strength of the concrete in the
structure shall be assumed to be 0.667 times the characteristics strength. The partial
safety factor ‫ץ‬m=1.5 shall be applied in addition to this.
4. The tensile strength of the concrete is ignored.
5. The design stresses in reinforcement are derived from representative stress-strains
curve for the type of steel used. For the design purposes the partial safety factor
‫ץ‬m=1.15 shall be applied.

16
 6. The strain in tension reinforcement in the section shall not be less than
fy
 0.002
1.15 E s

Where,

fy =characteristics strength of steel

E s  Modulus of elasticity of steel

Assumptions for Limit State of Compression

1. The maximum compressive strain in concrete in axial compression is taken as

0.002.
2. The maximum compressive strain at highly compressed extreme fiber in concrete
subjected to axial compression and bending and when there is tension in the section
shall be 0.0035 minus 0.7 times the strain at the least compressed extreme fiber.
The limiting values of the depth of neutral axis for different graded of steel based on
the assumptions are as follows:

fy Xu,max/d
250 0.53
415 0.48
500 0.46

5.3 Design of Structural Elements:

The intension of design in our project includes design for durability; construction and use in
service should be considered as a whole. The realization of design objectives requires
compliance with clear defined standards for materials, workmanship and also maintenance
and use of structures in service.

5.3.1 Design of Beam

Here as a sample design the critical beam of span c/c 4.17 is design. Only the longitudinal
bar is determined from the maximum hogging and sagging moment. Shear design is done
by considering both the value obtained from analysis “envelope value and plastic hinge
formation”. Envelope shear and shear force due to the formation of plastic hinge is
compared and the maximum shear value is considered for the design of stirrups.

17
Figure: Envelope bending moment diagram of critical beam “maximum left end”

Figure: Envelope bending moment diagram of critical beam “maximum right end”

18
 Beam Design

Beam Data
width 200 mm
depth 355 mm d' 36 mm .= cc+ sdia + mdia/2
clear cover to main 20 mm eff depth 319 mm .= d - d'

Material Grades
Concrete 20 MPa
Steel 500 MPa

Moment 58 KN-m Mu/bd2 2.85

xumax 145 .= (700/(1100 * (0.87 * fy)) * d
Mulim 54 .= 0.36*fck*b*xumax*(d-(0.42*xumax))
Mulim/bd2 2.66

Beam is designed as Doubly Reinforced Beam

Area of Steel Tension (Ast) Compr (Asc)

Percentage 0.804 % 0.055 % Refer Table 45-56 SP 16 pg 81-92
Area of Steel 513 sqmm 35 sqmm

Tension Reinforcement
Type Bar dia Nos Area of Steel
Layer 1 16 mm 3 603 sqmm
Layer 2 -
Layer 3 - 2
Total Steel Provided 603 sqmm 0.945 %
Provided Steel OK

Compression Reinforcement
Type Bar dia Nos Area of Steel
Layer 1 12 mm 2 226 sqmm
Layer 2 -
Layer 3 0 sqmm
Total Steel Provided 226 sqmm 0.355 %
Provided Steel OK

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 Re-Bars at Support Re-Bars at Mid Span

Top Bottom Top Bottom

Plinth Tie Beam

230 x 230mm 2 – 12dia TH. 3- 16 dia TH 2 – 12dia TH. 3- 16 dia TH.

First Floor B1
2 – 16dia TH. 2 – 16dia TH.
230 x 355mm 3- 16 dia TH 3- 16 dia TH.
2 – 12dia EXT.

Second Floor B2 3 – 12dia

3 – 16dia TH. 3 – 16dia TH. 3 – 12ia TH.
230 x 355mm TH.
1 – 12dia EXT. .
.

Third Floor and Stair

Cover
2 – 12dia
2 – 12dia TH. 2 – 12dia TH. 2 – 12ia TH.
B3 TH.
2 – 12dia EXT. .
230 x 355mm .

8 mm dia. vertical 8 mm dia. vertical

Vertical stirrups@100mm c/c up to L/4 stirrups@150mm c/c at mid
from end of support span
stirrups

20
5.3.2 Design of Slab
Here the critical slab of c/c span (4.02m X 3.96m) “Two adjacent Edges Discontinuous” is
designed.

Slab Design

Slab thickness t 125 mm Sunken Depth 120 mm

Concrete fck 20 MPa
Steel fy 500 MPa

Loading
Slab Load Sunken Slab Load
Dead Load DL 3.125 KN/m Dead Load DL 3.125 KN/m
Live Load LL 2.000 KN/m Filler Load FL 2 KN/m
Finishes Load WL 2.000 KN/m Live Load LL 3.0 KN/m
Total Load Ws 7.125 KN/m Finishes Load WL 1.0 KN/m
Factored Load Wsu 11 KN/m Total Load Wsk 8.83 KN/m
Factored Load Wsku 13 KN/m

Slab Data
Slab Type Regular
Load 11 KN/m
Longer Span (ly) 4.02 m ly/lx ratio 1.02
Shorter Span (lx) 3.96 m Slab type +

Loading on edges one way two way

W longer 14 KN/m .=w*lx/2 .=(w*lx/2) + (1-(1/3)*(lx/ly) 2 )
W shorter 14 KN/m .=w*lx/3

Moments one way two way

Mx 10 KN-m .=w*lx 2 / 8 .= α x * w*lx 2
My 9 KN-m .= α y * w*lx 2

Thickness Check OK .=Mulim > Mux or Muy

Deflection 10 mm .= 5*W*l 4 /(384EI)

Astx Asty Refer Chart 4 SP 16 pg 21 or

Area of Steel
222 sqmm 217 sqmm Refer Tab le 5-44 SP 16 pg 51-80

Spacing required in mm
8# 10# 12# 16#
x y x y x y x x
227 c/c 232 c/c 354 c/c 362 c/c 510 c/c 522 c/c 907 c/c 928 c/c
.=ast of b ar*1000/ast req

Final Ast x y
provided 8 mm bar @ 150 mm 8 mm bar @ 150 mm

21
5.3.3 Design of column:
Here the sample calculation of interior column is done for one load combination only.
Detail design of column “ETABS2016” is presented in Annex:

Bi-Axial Column

Design Loads
Pu = 534 KN
Mux = 4 KN-m
Muy = 1 KN-m

Col Data
b = 300 mm
D = 300 mm
d' = 30.0 mm
d'/D = 0.10
d'/b = 0.10

Material Grades
fck = 20 MPa
fy = 500 MPa

Design Constants
Steel % pt = 1.8 Ast = 1620 sqmm
pt/fck = 0.09 M in Ast = 720 sqmm
Pu/fck*b*D = 0.30
Mux/fck*b*D2 = 0.11
Muy/fck*b*D2 = 0.11

Puz = 1403
Mux 1 = 59
Muy 1 = 59

Pu/Puz = 0.38
Mux/Mux 1 = 0.07
Muy/Muy 1 = 0.02
αn = 1.30

(Mux/Mux 1 ) αn + (Muy/Muy 1 ) αn 0.03

Steel Percentage OK

Steel Details
nos dia ast
Type 1 4 16 mm 804 sqmm
Type 2 4 16 mm 804 sqmm
Total Steel 8 - 1608 sqmm
Percentage 1.79%

22
Reinforcement details of column section

Column Column Column

C1 C2 C3 Lateral ties
(300x300) (300x300) (300x300)
Ground
4 - 20dia. Bars 4- 16dia. Bars 4- 16dia. Bars
floor- 8 mm dia. 2-
4 – 16 dia. Bars 4 -16dia. Bars 4 -16dia. Bars
First floor legged lateral
ties @100 mm
First & 150mm c/c at
floor- ends & mid
4 - 16dia. Bars 4 – 16 dia. Bars 4 – 16 dia.
Second height
4 - 16dia. Bars 4 - 16dia. Bars Bars
Floor
4 - 12dia. Bars
8 mm dia. 2-
4 - 16dia. Bars 4 - 16dia. Bars 4 - 16dia. Bars legged lateral
Second
4 - 16dia. Bars 4 - 12dia. Bars 4 - 12dia. Bars ties @100 mm
-Third
& 150mm c/c at
Floor
ends & mid
height
8 mm dia. 2-
4 - 16dia. Bars 4 - 12dia. Bars 4 - 12dia. Bars legged lateral
Third- 4 - 12dia. Bars 4 - 12dia. Bars 4 - 12dia. Bars ties @100 mm
Stair Roof & 150mm c/c at
ends & mid
height

23
5.3.4 Design of Staircase:
Staircase Design

Data
Effective Span (l) 4.50 mm
Riser (R) 150 mm
Thread (T) 300 mm
Waist Slab thickness (t) 150 mm
Clear Cover 15 mm
Effective Depth of Waist Slab (d) 135 mm

Grade of Concrete (fck) 20 MPa

Grade of Steel (fy) 500 MPa

Loading
Loads on going Loads on waist slab
Self weight of waist slab 4.19 KN/m Self weight of landing slab 3.75 KN/m
Self weight of steps 1.88 KN/m Live Load 2.00 KN/m
Live Load 3.00 KN/m Floor Finish Load 1.00 KN/m
Floor Finish Load 1.00 KN/m Total Load 6.75 KN/m
Total Load 10.07 KN/m Factored Load 10.13 KN/m
Factored Load 15.10 KN/m

Bending Moment
Calculate Bending Moment using the equation (W*L*L )/8
Bending Moment = 38 KN-m

Reaction
to be used as UDL = 34 KN
60 KN-m

Area of Main Steel

Ast 758 sqmm

Spacing
Diameter of bar 12ø 16ø
Spacing across x 149 c/c 265 c/c

Provded Main Steel: 16ø 175 c/c

Area of Distribution Steel

Ast 180 sqmm

Spacing
Diameter of bar 8ø 10ø
Spacing across y 279 c/c 436 c/c

Provided Distridution Steel: 8ø 150 c/c

24
5.3.5 Design of Foundation

25
 Isolated Footing

1 Footing Size Design

Load Pu 582 KN
Design Load P 427 KN

Moment in x dir Mux 1 KN-m

Moment in y dir Muy 0 KN-m

Column size cx 300 mm

cy 300 mm

SBC q 150 KN/sqm

Footing Size required A req 2.85 sqmm

L 1.83 meters
Footing Size Provided
B 1.83 meters
Area Provided A prvd 3.35 meters

Zx 1.02
Zx 1.02

Net upward pressure Nup 128 KNm2

Footing Size OK

2 Slab Design
lx 0.765
ly 0.765

Bending Moment in x dir Mx 56 KN-m

Bending Moment in y dir My 56 KN-m

Concrete fck 20 MPa

Steel fy 500 MPa

Minimum Depth Required dmin 146

Depth Provided D 650 mm

Clear Cover c 50 mm
Effective Cover d' 56 mm
Effective Depth d' 594 mm

Spacing c/c in mm
Area of Steel
12# 16# 20#
713 sqmm 159 c/c 282 c/c 441 c/c
713 sqmm 159 c/c 282 c/c 441 c/c
Minimum Ast required across x direcion
Minimum Ast required across y direcion

Ast across x direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm

Ast across y direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm

26
3 One Way Shear along x direction

Vu1 60 KN
ζv 0.055 MPa

ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 283 KN

One Way Shear Check OK

4 One Way Shear along y direction

Vu1 60 KN
ζv 0.055 MPa

ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 283 KN

One Way Shear Check OK

5 Two Way Shear

Vu2 490 KN
ζv 0.231 MPa

ks*ζc 1.118 MPa

Vc1 2375 KN

Two Way Shear Check OK

L= 1.83 meters

300
300

B= 1.83 meters
650 mm

250 mm

12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c

Figure: Detailing of Interior Column Footing

27
Strap Footing analysis and Design

28
29
30
31
32
33
Figure: Strap Footing geometry

34
35
6. CONCLUSION
Reinforced concrete construction is common all over the world. It is used extensively for
construction of variety of structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, water tanks, stadium,
towers, chimneys, tunnels and so on.

Experiences from past earthquakes and extensive laboratory works have shown that a well-
designed and detailed reinforced concrete structure is suitable for earthquake resistant
structure. Ductility and strength required to resist major earthquake can be achieved by
following the recommendations made in the standard codes of practice for earthquake
resistant design.

Detailing of steel reinforcement is an important aspect of structural design. Poor

reinforcement detailing can lead to structural failures. Detailing plays an important role in
seismic resistant design. In seismic resistant design, actual forces experienced by the
structure are reduced and reliance is placed on the ductility of the structure. And, ductility
can be achieved by proper detailing only. Thus, in addition to design, attention should be
paid on amount, location and arrangement of reinforcement to achieve ductility as well as
strength.

Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A building behaves in a
manner how it has been built rather than what the intensions is during designing. A large
percentage of structural failures are attributed due to poor quality of construction.
Therefore, quality assurance is needed in both design and construction.

In earthquake resistant construction quality of materials and workmanship plays a very

important role. It has been observed that damages during earthquakes are largely dependent
on the quality and workmanship. Hence, quality assurance is the most important factor in
the good seismic behaviour of the structure.

36
7. REFERENCE CODE
 Plain and Reinforced Concrete-Code of Practices (IS 456:200)
 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 465-1978 (SP 16)
 Ductile Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic Code of
Practice (IS 13920:1993)
 Criteria for Earthquake Resistance Design of Structures (1893 Part (I & II): 2002
 Code of practice for design load IS 875 Part I, II

37
ANNEX I Analysis Result
Result Output

Figure: Rebar Area of beam Fy= 500

38
39
ANNEX II Design Summary
ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design

40
 Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)
Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
FIRST B4 15 BEAM 355*230 DCon9 3761.6 3911.6 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
230 355 230 0 40 40

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-59.024 2.6336 67.5266 0.3971

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-59.024 3.9403 0 -62.9643

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -62.9643 523 0 523 175
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 262 0 0 262

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
80.4164 39.9611 58.7759 36.9815 517.06

43
Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2
Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
2.6336 67.3492 170 295 402.1

44