ISAGO Checklist - Combined: GOSM Edition 8 - Effective February, 2019

✈ ISAGO Checklist - Combined
GOSM Edition 8 - effective February, 2019
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Senior Vice President
Safety & Flight Operations
International Air Transport Association
800 Place Victoria
P.O. Box 113
Montreal, Quebec
CANADA H4Z 1M1
ISAGO Checklist
GOSM Edition 8
© 2019 International Air Transport Association.All rights reserved.
Montreal—Geneva
Reference: AGM DOC.F11 1 of 37 Issue date: Feb-2019

Effective date: Feb-2019
Section 6 — Aircraft Ground Movement (AGM)
Changes to GOSM Section 6 (AGM)
Area Changed Description of Changes
Applicability Table Some functions updated.
The AA content was revised to realign process and procedure functions and to
Auditor Actions (AA)
simplify the headquarters (HQ) and station (ST) AAs.
Guidance Material
Some GM was revised and simplified.
(GM)
Acceptable Means of Provider using IGOM has the ISAGO Standard and Recommended
Conformity Practice (GOSARP) accepted as Documented.
AGM 1.1.1–1.1.3 Improved wording.
AGM 1.2.1 Simplified wording.
AGM 1.3.12–1.3.13 Simplified wording.
AGM 2.1.4 Reworded.

AGM 2.1.6–2.1.7 New GOSARPs.
AGM 2.3.1 New GOSARP.
AGM 4.1.1–4.1.2 Renumbered.
AGM 4.1.3 Removed.

Applicability
This section consists of 41 GOSARPs related to a total of 2 processes and 39 procedures (the
training program requirements are considered procedures).
The Aircraft Ground Movement (AGM) section is used for the audit of a station where aircraft ground
movement operations and associated functions are conducted. The auditor will determine which sections
or individual provisions may not be applicable to a specific provider as per the type of operations
conducted.
Section 6 addresses aircraft ground movement operations, which include:
 Aircraft taxi-in arrival (forward movement of an aircraft to/from the parking position by use of the
aircraft engines)
 Aircraft marshalling
 Aircraft pushback and towing
 Conventional tractor and tow bar
 Towbarless tractor
 Specific requirements for towing operation
 Main gear tractor (power push unit)
 Taxi-out departure
 Documentation and general process
 Training.
Some External References are identified with (RSR). This indicates a GOSARP involving a procedure
having a Red Safety Risk Index Value in the Risk Assessment Table (Ref. to AHM 610A 4.5 Risk
Assessment Matrix).
Refer to the Standard Ground Handling Agreement (SGHA) Section 3 Ramp Services (3.2 Marshalling,
3.3 Parking, 3.5 Ramp and Flight Deck Communication and 3.8 Moving of Aircraft).
General standards for driving and using ground support equipment (GSE) are part of Section 5 (HDL) of
this manual. If the provider operates GSE, refer to Section 5 (HDL), Subsection 1.2 Ground Support

Equipment (GSE) for applicable provisions.

The auditor will determine individual provisions that may not be applicable to a specific provider.
Note: If a person has duties that involve more than one operational discipline, the training requirements
related to the AGM section may be combined with the other training discipline requirements to be
qualified to operate in the multiple functions. Some specific operational training may be merged in one
session giving instructions for multiple disciplines.
1. Operational Procedures
1.1 Aircraft Taxi-in Arrival
AGM 1.1.1 The provider shall have procedures to ensure that, prior to aircraft arrival, an inspection of the
assigned parking stand is performed and addresses, as a minimum, the following:
i. Ramp surface is clear of items that might cause aircraft foreign object debris (FOD)
ii. Ramp surface condition is suitable for movement operations
iii. Passenger boarding bridge (if applicable) is fully retracted into the designated area
iv. The equipment restraint area (ERA) is clear of ground support equipment (GSE)
v. Marshalling staff is present or docking guidance system is operational (GM)
☐ Documented and Implemented (Conformity)

☐ Documented not Implemented (Finding)
☐ Implemented not Documented (Finding)
☐ Not Documented not Implemented (Finding)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
Click here to enter text.
Auditor Actions - Headquarters
☐ Identified/Assessed procedures as per GOSARP requirements.
☐ Interviewed manager responsible for the documentation.
Auditor Actions - Station
☐ Reviewed procedures as per HQ requirements, including local SOPs, as applicable.
☐ Interviewed staff directly involved in the respective job duties.
Recommended Basis for Acceptable Means of Conformity
IGOM 4.1.1 Actions Prior to Arrival
IGOM 3.1.2.4 Foreign Object Debris (RSR)
IGOM 3.1.3.5 Passenger Boarding Bridge
External References
AHM 463 Safety Considerations for Aircraft Movement Operations

AHM 465 FOD Prevention Program

Additional Guidance
The ERA is defined as the area of the apron bordered by a red line, known as the Equipment Restraint
Line, or otherwise indicated, in which an aircraft is parked during ground operations.
AGM 1.1.2 The provider shall have procedures to ensure that, prior to aircraft arrival, the following are
available and serviceable, as applicable at the arrival stand:
i. GSE
ii. Chocks and safety cones
iii. Ground power
iv. Preconditioned air
v. Headset. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.1.3 Ground Support Equipment on Arriving Aircraft
External References
AHM 462 Safe Operating Practices in Aircraft Handling
AGM 1.1.3 The provider shall have procedures, in accordance with requirements of customer airline(s),
to ensure that, for each aircraft arrival, all personnel and equipment must remain clear from engine
danger areas, including intake, blast and propeller rotation, as applicable, and the following conditions
are met:

i. Upon aircraft stopping:
a. Wheel chocks are placed at nose landing gear wheels, if applicable.
b. Ground power unit is connected, if applicable.
ii. As engines are spooling down and after anti-collision lights have been switched off:
a. Chocks are positioned on main landing gear and verbal or visual confirmation is given
to flight deck crew.
b. Cabin door and surrounding area is inspected for existing damage before positioning
boarding devices.
c. Safety cones are positioned, as per aircraft type.
d. Walkaround inspection, as specified in AGM 1.1.4, is performed prior to giving

clearance for GSE to position at aircraft. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.3 Aircraft Coning (RSR)
IGOM 4.2 Aircraft Chocking (RSR)
External References
Additional Guidance
At some airports, local regulations may not allow for the standard arrival procedure tasks (i a and i b) to
be performed until engines are spooling down and anti-collision lights have been switched off. Ground
personnel and loose equipment must stay clear of the intake and blast areas.
AGM 1.1.4 The provider shall have procedures, for each aircraft arrival, to ensure an inspection of the
aircraft is performed, prior to giving clearance for GSE to position at the aircraft. This inspection shall

cover the following areas:
i. All cargo doors
ii. All access panels and servicing access points
iii. Aircraft fuselage
iv. Aircraft engine cowlings
v. Aircraft passenger doors (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.1.2.2 Actions After Arrival (RSR)
External References
1.2 Aircraft Marshalling
AGM 1.2.1 The provider shall have procedures, as per aircraft type, for the conduct of aircraft
marshalling operations, to include as applicable:
i. Nose gear-controlled pushback and towing
ii. Main gear-controlled pushback
iii. Taxi-in
iv. Taxi-out (GM)


☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed aircraft marshalling operations covering the identified activities.
IGOM 3.4 Hand Signals (RSR)
IGOM 4.1.2 Standard Arrival Procedures
IGOM 4.6.10.3 Ground Crew in Charge of Pushback
IRM References
Aircraft Marshalling
External References
AHM 463 Safety Consideration for Aircraft Movement Operations
Additional Guidance
Marshalling is typically conducted for all aircraft ground movement operations.
AGM 1.2.2 The provider shall have procedures to ensure personnel that perform the marshalling and/or
wing-walking function during aircraft ground movement operations:
i. Provide standard marshalling signals in a clear and precise manner.
ii. Are approved to perform marshalling functions by the relevant authority, if applicable.
iii. Wear a fluorescent identification vest or jacket to permit positive identification by the flight crew.
iv. Utilize high-visibility wands, paddles or gloves during daytime conditions.
v. Utilize illuminated wands during low-visibility or night conditions. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:


IGOM 3.4 Hand Signals (RSR)
External References
AHM 463 Safety Consideration for Aircraft Movement Operations
Additional Guidance
Marshalling is typically conducted for all aircraft ground movement operations.
Standard marshalling signals are used for aircraft ground movement to ensure a common understanding
by all personnel involved in the operation.
1.3 Aircraft Pushback and Towing
AGM 1.3.1 The provider shall have procedures to ensure that, prior to aircraft departure, a pre-
movement walkaround inspection of the aircraft is performed, which address as a minimum:
i. Power cables and passenger boarding devices are detached and parked in a designated area.
ii. All aircraft servicing panels and/or hatches are closed and latched (except for external power
and headset panels).
iii. Cabin/cargo door handles are flush with the fuselage.
iv. Landing gear safety pins are removed.
v. No obvious signs of unmarked dents or other skin panel damage are noticed. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.6.3 Pre-Departure Check
Additional Guidance
Assistance is typically required prior to, during or after aircraft pushback, towing and power-out

operations.
AGM 1.3.2 The provider shall have procedures to ensure that, prior to removing chocks from aircraft
wheels:
i. The flight deck is notified
ii. Confirmation from the flight deck is acknowledged (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.6.4 Wheel Chock Removal
External References
AHM 810 Ground Handling Agreements
AGM 1.3.3 The provider shall have procedures to ensure that, prior the aircraft movement, the following
conditions are met:
i. Ramp surface is clear of items that might cause aircraft FOD.
ii. Ramp surface condition is adequate for movement operations.
iii. Aircraft is clear of all obstacles along the intended movement path.
iv. All persons not involved in the aircraft movement operation are clear of the departing aircraft
and outside the ERA.
v. Additional ground staff such as wing-walkers are present (if applicable/required).

vi. Chocks are removed from all wheels and positioned in a dedicated place.
vii. GSE and other equipment are positioned outside the ERA. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.6.10.4 Wing Walker
IGOM 4.6.2 Action Prior to Departure
IGOM 3.1.2.4 Foreign Object Debris (RSR)
External References
AHM 465 Foreign Object Damage Prevention Program
Additional Guidance
Prior to any aircraft movement to/from parking, an inspection of the surface of the ramp would be made
to determine if such operations can be conducted safely (e.g., snow, ice, slush).
In addition, a visual inspection would be made to ensure the adjacent apron surface is clear of items that
might cause FOD.
The aircraft is inspected prior to departure from parking to ensure service doors and panels are closed
and secured. Chocks are removed and GSE relocated outside the ERA and safely away from the path of
the aircraft.
AGM 1.3.4 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback or towing to ensure, prior to the
commencement of movement, the tractor operator has confirmation that the aircraft parking brake is
released. (GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:


☐ Observed tractor operator communication with the cockpit during aircraft pushback or towing.
IGOM 4.9.2 Towing Maneuvering
IGOM 4.6.10 Aircraft Pushback (RSR)
IRM References
Aircraft Pushback
Aircraft Towing
Additional Guidance
Confirmation of brake release would be communicated from the flight deck via intercom, hand signals or
through light indication at aircraft nose landing gear.
AGM 1.3.5 The provider shall have procedures to ensure, for each aircraft departure, a person is
assigned responsibility for the safe performance of the ground movement operation, and such
responsibility includes:
i. Personnel involved in the operation are briefed of their individual responsibilities.
ii. Only persons required to perform operating functions are in the operating area.
iii. Personnel involved in the operation are positioned well clear from hazard zones.
iv. Personnel involved in the operation understand and agree with how communication will be
performed and how the aircraft will be maneuvered. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed during aircraft departure, the assigned person verifying safe performance of ground
movement operations
IGOM 4.6.8 Departure Communication
IGOM 4.6.5 Pre-departure Table

External References
Additional Guidance
The operational function of the person assigned as responsible (e.g., headset communicator, tug
operator, ramp supervisor or other) will typically vary according to the circumstances and location
associated with the specific movement operation. What is most important is that such responsibility is
assigned to one person, and all other personnel involved know and recognize the person in charge.
A distinctive vest or jacket is typically worn by supervisory personnel and all other personnel involved in
operations.
Hand signals used for aircraft ground movement are normally standardized to ensure a common
understanding by all personnel involved in the operation.
AGM 1.3.6 The provider shall have procedures to ensure the equipment used for aircraft ground
movement is suitable for the specific operation to be conducted, and takes into account:
i. Type and weight of the aircraft
ii. Weather conditions
iii. Surface conditions (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed equipment used for aircraft ground movement is suitable for aircraft type and weight,
weather and surface conditions.
IGOM 4.6.11 Maneuvering During Adverse Weather Conditions
IGOM 4.6.5 Pre-Departure Table
External References
AGM 1.3.7 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback or towing to ensure a tractor

connected to the aircraft is not left unattended with the engine running, except in cold weather operations
with the pushback vehicle chocked. (GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 3.1.3.2 Basic Operating Requirements for GSE (RSR)
External References
AGM 1.3.8 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback or towing to ensure, for aircraft fitted
with a nose gear steering by-pass system, the by-pass pin, as per aircraft type:
i. Is correctly installed prior to connecting the tow bar or towbarless tractor to the aircraft nose
gear.
ii. Is removed after the tow bar or towbarless tractor has been disconnected from the nose gear.
(GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.6.10.3 Ground Crew In Charge of Pushback
External References
AHM 462 Aircraft Handling and Loading

AGM 1.3.9 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback or towing to ensure, for aircraft not
fitted with a nose gear steering by-pass system, the steering hydraulic system is depressurized or the
nose gear steering torque links is disconnected, as applicable. (GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed nose gear steering torque links disconnection.
External References
AHM 462 Aircraft Handling and Loading
Additional Guidance
Coordination with personnel on the flight deck would be required to ensure a safe depressurization and
re-pressurization of the aircraft hydraulic system. Ref. AHM 463 Safety Considerations for Aircraft
Movement Operations.
AGM 1.3.10 The provider shall have procedures to ensure, when aircraft pushback operations are
conducted in poor surface or weather conditions, aircraft movement is limited to a slower speed than in
normal conditions. (GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed aircraft pushback operations in poor surface or weather conditions.


IGOM 4.6.11 Maneuvering During Adverse Weather Conditions
External References
AHM 463 Safety Considerations for Aircraft Movement Operations.
AGM 1.3.11 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback or towing to ensure the tractor
operator, when stopping or slowing aircraft movement during the operation, makes a gentle brake
application. (GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.6.10.5 Tractor Driver
IGOM 3.1.3.10 Tractors (RSR)
External References
Additional Guidance
The gentle brake application includes stopping or slowing aircraft movement.
AGM 1.3.12 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback or towing for each type of aircraft
that is operated, and such procedures shall ensure maximum nose gear turn limits are not exceeded.
(GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:


☐ Observed nose gear turn limits are not exceeded during pushback or towing operations.
IGOM 4.6.12.2 Nose Gear Protection and Steering Angle
IGOM 4.9.2.1 Towing Maneuvering General
External References
AGM 1.3.13 The provider shall have procedures to ensure, during aircraft pushback or towing
operations, verbal communication between ground handling personnel and the flight deck is conducted
and has been reviewed in advance. (GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed communications during towing/pushbacks between ground and flight deck personnel.
External References
Additional Guidance
Typically, such verbal communication takes place between a member of the ground handling crew (e.g.,
tug driver) and the flight crew using a wired or wireless connection to the aircraft intercommunication
system (interphone). The use of common phraseology, which would be in accordance with requirements
of the customer airline that operates the aircraft, is important to ensure a common understanding by both
parties. Some specific nose gear towbarless, pushback or towing, procedures could be executed without
the flight deck assistance as per airline request or authorization.
AGM 1.3.14 The provider shall have procedures to ensure, during aircraft pushback operations:
i. The communication system is tested for functionality before starting operations.

ii. Communication with the flight deck is conducted via interphone.
iii. A backup method of communication between ground handling personnel and the flight deck is
in place for implementation should the primary method fail.
iv. The flight deck is notified immediately in the event any communication connection between the
tractor and the aircraft is lost during the operation. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed communications during towing/pushbacks between ground and flight deck personnel.
IGOM 4.6.8.2 Departure Communication Dialog
IGOM 4.6.9 Preparation for Pushback
Additional Guidance
Typically, procedures would ensure verbal communication from the tractor operator to the flight deck is
achieved using a flexible cord from the aircraft to the tractor operator, or use of a cordless system.
If communication with the flight deck must be relayed by a third person, a flexible cord between the
aircraft and the headset would typically be used to permit the relay person to maintain a safe distance
from both the aircraft and tractor.
AGM 1.3.15 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback to ensure, when movement has
been stopped and prior to disconnecting the tow bar or towbarless tractor from the aircraft nose gear, the
flight deck is instructed to set the aircraft parking brake and to hold the existing position until receipt of
visual signals for final clearance to taxi. Procedures shall ensure confirmation is received by ground
handling personnel that the parking brake is set.
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:


☐ Observed communications during towing/pushback operations.
☐ Observed Instructions for parking brake setting during towing/pushback operations.
AGM 1.3.16 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback to ensure, prior to the aircraft
commencing taxi under its own power, ground handling personnel:
i. Provide a final clearance signal to the flight deck.
ii. Display the by-pass pin to the flight deck or, if disconnected, the torque link reconnected, if
applicable.
iii. Receive acknowledgement from the flight deck.

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
1.4 Conventional Tractor and Tow Bar

AGM 1.4.1 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback or towing to ensure chocks are not
removed from the aircraft main gear until the:
i. Tractor and tow bar are connected to the aircraft nose gear.
ii. Parking brake of the tractor is engaged. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
External References
AGM 1.4.2 The provider shall have procedures for connecting and disconnecting the tow bar to and from
the aircraft nose gear and tractor. (GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed connecting and disconnecting the tow bar to the aircraft nose gear and tractor.
External References
Additional Guidance

Procedures are designed to minimize the possibility of injury to personnel or damage to the aircraft when
connecting the tow bar to the aircraft or tractor. Procedures typically specify that:
 When disconnecting a tow bar from the aircraft nose gear assembly, the tow bar is detached
from the tractor first.
 When connecting a tow bar to the tractor, personnel face the tractor and, if feasible, have both
legs on the same side of the tow bar (i.e., not straddling the tow bar).
AGM 1.4.3 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback or towing to ensure, prior to the
commencement of movement and prior to the end of pushback or tow, the tractor operator verifies:
i. The tractor is in line with the centerline of the aircraft, if feasible.
ii. The wheels on the tow bar are fully retracted. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed tractor alignment and tow bar wheels retraction.
External References
Additional Guidance
Under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to commence a pushback with initial aircraft
movement not straight back. Procedures would normally address such exceptions in a manner that
ensures no injury to personnel, or damage to aircraft or equipment.
AGM 1.4.4 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback operations to ensure, when the

pushback movement has been stopped, and prior to disconnecting the tow bar from the aircraft nose
gear, tension is released from the tow bar.
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
1.5 Specific Requirements for Towing Operation
AGM 1.5.1 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft towing to ensure, prior to commencement of a
towing operation:
i. Communication is established between the tractor operator and the flight deck.
ii. Aircraft hydraulic brake system pressure and/or the brake accumulator is within the required
pressure range.
iii. All gear safety pins/sleeves are installed, as applicable.
iv. Predeparture checks are completed. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:


IGOM 4.6.1 Introduction General
IGOM 4.6.5 Pre-Departure Table
IGOM 4.9.1 Aircraft Towing Requirements
IGOM 4.9.2.1 Towing Maneuvering-General
Additional Guidance
Communication would normally utilize the aircraft inter-communication system. Back-up signals are
established in the event the inter-communication system link becomes inoperative. Some specific nose
gear towbarless pushback or towing procedures could be executed without the flight deck assistance as
per customer airline request or authorization.
AGM 1.5.2 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft towing to ensure, during maneuvering, the
following conditions are met:
i. Authorization of the flight crew or brake operator is given before moving the aircraft.
ii. The towing speed limit is kept within the margins regulated by the towing equipment, aircraft
and/or airport.
iii. Relevant apron lines are followed as guidance during maneuvering to ensure safe obstacle
clearance. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.9 Aircraft Towing
External References
Additional Guidance
Some specific nose gear towbarless, pushback or towing, procedures could be executed without the
flight deck assistance as per customer airline request or authorization.

AGM 1.5.3 The provider shall have procedures to immediately notify the flight deck to stop aircraft
movement using gentle brake applications, in case of a break in the coupling, during towing operations.
(GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.9.3 Incidents During Towing
External References
Additional Guidance
Notification normally would be made using the aircraft intercommunication system, but could include
other signals (e.g., horn signal). Some specific nose gear towbarless pushback or towing procedures
could be executed without the flight deck assistance as per customer airline request or authorization.
AGM 1.5.4 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft towing to ensure, when towing on ice or snow,
the tractor operator:
i. Maintains a reduced towing speed, particularly before entering a turn.
ii. Avoids stopping movement in a turn, to the extent possible. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:


IGOM 4.6.11.1 Maneuvering During Adverse Weather Conditions-General
External References
2. Special Procedures
2.1 Main Gear Tractor
AGM 2.1.1 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback to ensure, prior to connection of a
tractor to the aircraft main gear, a check of the remote-control system is made, at a normal operating
distance, to verify the system is functional. (GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed check of the remote-control system.
IGOM 4.7.2 Action Before Pushback with Power Push Unit
IGOM 4.7.1 PPU Specifics and Safety Measures
External References
Additional Guidance
The check of remote-control functions is normally done during the main gear tractor movement to the
aircraft parking area.
AGM 2.1.2 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback to ensure, while positioning a main
gear tractor for connection to the aircraft, ground handling personnel verify the tractor unit is
appropriately configured for the aircraft type. (GM)


☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.7.1 PPU Specifics and Safety Measures
External References
AGM 2.1.3 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback to ensure the main gear tractor
operator uses standard terminology to communicate instructions to the flight deck for steering the aircraft
along the desired rearward pushback path. (GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed standard terminology to communicate pushback steering instructions to the flight deck.
IGOM 4.7.4 Departure Dialogue Using a PPU
External References
Additional Guidance
The tractor operator, who controls the main gear tractor remotely, provides steering instructions to the
flight deck. The steering function is accomplished by the flight crew or other personnel on the flight deck
using the aircraft nose wheel steering system. A mutual understanding of the meaning of all steering
instructions by the tractor operator and flight deck personnel is necessary to ensure the aircraft remains
on the desired rearward movement path.
Following are examples of standard terms and phrases that could be used as steering instructions to the
flight deck:
 “Left, left”–Apply left steering

 “Right, right”–Apply right steering
 “Steady”–hold steering in current position
 “Reduce turn”–reduce steering angle
 “Neutral”–place steering in neutral position
 “Rollers are open–standby for hand signals”
Pushback with a PPU is not permitted in case of an interphone failure.
AGM 2.1.4 The provider shall have procedures before connecting the PPU for aircraft pushback to:
i. Make sure the nose landing gear is chocked
ii. Make sure the aircraft parking brake is set
iii. Remove the main gear chocks.

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed disconnect procedures.
IGOM 4.7.2.1 PPU connection
AGM 2.1.5 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft pushback to ensure, in the event an
emergency passenger evacuation is required during the pushback operation, ground handling personnel

remove the main gear tractor if it is in a position that interferes with the evacuation process. (GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.7.6 Incident During Pushback with PPU
External References
AGM 2.1.6 The provider shall have procedures for power push unit (PPU) disconnection that address the
following:
i. Once the aircraft parking brake is applied, with the remote control, the agent in charge of the
departure operation controls the opening of the rollers.
ii. With the remote control, the agent in charge of the departure operation controls the move back
of the PPU unit at least below the tail.
iii. Once the aircraft has taxied and the blast risk has disappeared, the agent in charge of the
departure operation withdraws the PPU from the taxiway.

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.7.5.1 Power Push Unit Disconnection

AGM 2.1.7 The provider shall have procedures for the PPU that in case of fire provide the following:
i. Warn the flight crew
ii. Control the release of roller
iii. Remove the PPU, if the engine is on
iv. Press one of the emergency stop buttons, if the engine is off (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed PPU procedures.
IGOM 4.7.6.1 Instruction in case of PPU Fire During Pushback
Additional Guidance
Leave the interphone contact after consent from the flight crew to fight the fire and report to the flight
crew about the ongoing situation.
2.2 Taxi-Out Departure
AGM 2.2.1 The provider shall have procedures for aircraft taxi-out from parking that address, as a
minimum:
i. Required pre-departure servicing checks are completed.
ii. GSEs are outside the ERA.
iii. Passenger boarding bridge(s) is(are) retracted, if applicable, into the designated area(s).

iv. Ground-to-flight-deck communication is performed via interphone, if applicable, or marshalling

and/or standard hand signals are used.

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
IGOM 4.8 Open ramp Departure
Additional Guidance
Position for marshalling in an area behind the ERA while being in clear view of the flight crew on either
side of the aircraft (depending on facility)
2.3 Engine Start Using Air Start Unit
AGM 2.3.1 The provider shall have procedures for the engine start using the air start unit (ASU) that
includes:
i. Verification that only authorized personnel and equipment involved in the engine starting are
permitted within the ERA during the engine start.
ii. Communication established with the flight crew to confirm the sequence and the number of
engines to be started.
iii. All personnel and equipment must remain clear from engine danger areas, including intake,
blast and propeller rotation, as applicable.
iv. Positioning of the ASU on the opposite side of the aircraft to the engine being started.
v. Headset operator informs flight crew that ground crew are ready for engine start.
vi. Start engine(s) following the applicable requirements for the communication dialogue and
signals.
vii. When engine start is complete, headset operator signals ASU and ground power operator(s) to
disconnect the ASU and remove ground power.

viii. Disconnect the ASU hose(s).
ix. Close and latch external air start and electrical panels. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Observed ASU operations.
IGOM 4.6.6 Engine Start Using Air Start Unit
IGOM 4.6.8.2 Departure Communication Dialogue
IGOM 4.6.13 Anti Collision Lights (RSR)
IGOM 3.1.2.1 Engine Danger Area (RSR)
Additional Guidance
When connecting and disconnecting ASU hose(s), walk directly underneath the fuselage, or close
alongside it, keeping clear of engine danger areas. Ground personnel and loose equipment must stay
clear of the intake and blast areas. The anti-collision lights being on is considered a visual signal of
imminent start up.
3. Documentation
3.1 Documentation and General Process
AGM 3.1.1 The provider shall have a process to ensure the Policies and Procedures Manual (PPM) used
in support of aircraft ground operations includes:
i. Local SOPs as applicable
ii. Customer airline(s) requirements (GM)



☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Identified/Assessed process as per GOSARP requirements.
☐ Sampled Customer Airlines manuals and their validity
☐ Sampled Local Operating Procedure(s)
Additional Guidance
Document review and distribution to operational staff, either from the provider, the operator or any other
source (e.g., airport, local authority), is a difficult task, specifically for those functions that do not have
direct access to a company computer or are not able to read the documentation in their original
language.
The provider shall have a process to ensure that changes to the operational documentation, local SOPs
and customer airline(s) requests are communicated in a clear and understandable manner. Various
methods may apply (i.e., logs of read and sign, peer-to-peer briefings).
The auditor shall verify effective communication of changes and understanding from all operational staff.
This GOSARP is interlinked with ORM 3.2.1 and ORM 3.2.3 and shall be reviewed in conjunction with
those GOSARPs to allow the auditor to complete an accurate assessment.
Note: During the combined audit the GSP may use alternative documentation to the local SOP.
AGM 3.1.2 The provider shall have a process to ensure the required operational documentation is
accessible in a usable format in all station locations where aircraft ground movement operations are
conducted. Such required documentation includes the current version of the:
i. Applicable operational manual(s) of all customer airline(s).
ii. Emergency response plan (ERP) of the local airport authority and of the customer airline(s), as
applicable. (GM)

☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:


☐ Identified/Assessed process as per GOSARP requirements.
☐ Sampled current ERP
☐ Sampled Customer Airlines manuals and their validity
External References
AHM 620 Guidelines for an Emergency Management System
Additional Guidance
A provider may be required to maintain only part of the manual for certain customer airlines.
Based on customer airline requirements and the types of ground operations conducted at a specific
location, only relevant parts of applicable manuals may be necessary.
“Accessible in a usable format” is intended to mean that all applicable operational personnel can have
free access to any type of document as per the provider’s own documentation system in conformity with
the requirements of ORM Table 1.1.
Availability of only the provider’s manual may be sufficient when such manual is accepted by the
customer airline(s) or when a customer airline does not provide a manual.
4. Training
4.1 Aircraft Ground Movement Training Program
AGM 4.1.1 The provider shall have a training program, as specified in ORM 4.1.2, that ensures all
personnel with duties and/or responsibilities within aircraft ground movement operations required to
operate vehicles and/or self-powered equipment in airside areas are in the possession of a valid driving
license and complete airside driver training as per AGM Table 1–Airside Driver Training. (GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
☐ Sampled training records
☐ Sampled training material–initial
☐ Sampled training material–recurrent
External References

AHM 616 Human factor Program

AHM 610 Guidelines for a Safety Management System
AHM 1100 Ground Operations Training Program
Additional Guidance
Linked to ORM 4.1.2
AGM 4.1.2 The provider shall have a training program, as specified in ORM 4.1.2, that ensures all
personnel with duties and/or responsibilities within aircraft ground movement operations complete job-
specific training for their assigned operational function(s) as per AGM Table 2–Aircraft Ground
Movement Functional Training.
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:
External References
AHM 610 Guidelines for a Safety Management System
AHM 616 Human Factor Program
AHM 1110 Ground Operation Training Program
AGM 4.1.3 The provider shall have a GSE operations training program for staff with duties that require
the operation of GSE, as applicable to their assigned operational functions. (GM)
☐ N/A
Auditor Comments:


Additional Guidance
Linked to ORM 4.1.2
Tables
AGM Table 1–Airside Driver Training
Airside driver training for ground handling personnel shall address, as a minimum:
i. General
a. Role and responsibilities of vehicle operators
b. Vehicle equipment standards
c. Hazards of airside driving
d. Reduced visibility procedures
e. Accident and incident reporting procedures
ii. Ramps (aprons), stands and airside roads
a. Familiarization with ramp layout, operational stands, vehicle corridors, airside roads, aircraft taxi
lanes
b. Airport rules, regulations and/or procedures pertaining to airside vehicle operations
c. Procedures for crossing aircraft movement areas
d. Pedestrian crosswalk rules
iii. Maneuvering area Note 1
a. Identification of obstacle free areas, limited access areas
b. Airport regulations and requirements

c. Air Traffic Control
d. Airport layout
e. Maneuvering area driving
f. Radio communication requirements and procedures
g. Aircraft familiarization
Note 1: Applicable to vehicle Operators that require operational access to maneuvering areas.
iv. Evaluation
AGM Table 2–Aircraft Ground Movement Functional Training
Training for personnel with assigned duties and/or responsibilities in aircraft ground movement operations shall
address the following subject areas, as applicable to assigned operational function(s):
i. Aircraft ground movement operations:
a. Scope of operations
b. Principles, responsibilities
c. Practices, procedures
d. Hazards, risk assessment
e. Safety precautions
ii. Operation of equipment:
a. Nose gear tow bar tractor(s)
b. Nose gear towbarless tractor(s)
c. Main gear tractor(s), if applicable
d. Tow bars
iii. Equipment-aircraft connect and disconnect procedures.

iv. Aircraft ground movement standard verbal communications (ground-flight deck):
a. Nose gear controlled pushback and towing operations
b. Main gear controlled pushback operations, if applicable
c. Power-back operations, if applicable
v. Aircraft ground movement standard hand signals (ground-flight deck, ground-ground):
a. Nose gear controlled pushback, towing operations
b. Main gear controlled pushback operations, if applicable
c. Power-back operations, if applicable
d. Power-in and power-out operations, as applicable
vi. Aircraft marshalling:
a. Scope of operations, principles, responsibilities
b. Practices, procedures
c. Standard hand signals
d. Use of aircraft parking guidance system(s)
vii. Aircraft ground movement assistance:
a. Scope of activities, principles, responsibilities
b. Practices, procedures
c. Standard hand signals
viii. Airline Specific Procedures (as applicable)


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✈ ISAGO Checklist - Combined

GOSM Edition 8 - effective February, 2019

Reference: AGM DOC.F11 1 of 37 Issue date: Feb-2019

Section 6 — Aircraft Ground Movement (AGM)

Changes to GOSM Section 6 (AGM)

Area Changed Description of Changes

Applicability Table Some functions updated.

AGM 1.1.1–1.1.3 Improved wording.

AGM 1.2.1 Simplified wording.

AGM 1.3.12–1.3.13 Simplified wording.

AGM 1.3.16 Simplified wording.

AGM 1.4.2 Simplified wording.

AGM 2.1.4 Reworded.

Reference: AGM DOC.F11 2 of 37 Issue date: Feb-2019

AGM 2.1.6–2.1.7 New GOSARPs.

AGM 2.2.1 Simplified wording.

AGM 2.3.1 New GOSARP.

AGM 4.1.1–4.1.2 Renumbered.

AGM 4.1.3 Removed.

 Aircraft pushback and towing

 Conventional tractor and tow bar

 Specific requirements for towing operation

 Main gear tractor (power push unit)

 Documentation and general process

Reference: AGM DOC.F11 3 of 37 Issue date: Feb-2019

Equipment (GSE) for applicable provisions.

1.1 Aircraft Taxi-in Arrival

ii. Ramp surface condition is suitable for movement operations

v. Marshalling staff is present or docking guidance system is operational (GM)

☐ Documented and Implemented (Conformity)

Reference: AGM DOC.F11 4 of 37 Issue date: Feb-2019

AHM 465 FOD Prevention Program

ii. Chocks and safety cones

iii. Ground power

iv. Preconditioned air

☐ Documented and Implemented (Conformity)

Reference: AGM DOC.F11 5 of 37 Issue date: Feb-2019

i. Upon aircraft stopping:

a. Wheel chocks are placed at nose landing gear wheels, if applicable.

b. Ground power unit is connected, if applicable.

c. Safety cones are positioned, as per aircraft type.

d. Walkaround inspection, as specified in AGM 1.1.4, is performed prior to giving

☐ Documented and Implemented (Conformity)

Reference: AGM DOC.F11 6 of 37 Issue date: Feb-2019

cover the following areas:

i. All cargo doors

ii. All access panels and servicing access points

iii. Aircraft fuselage

iv. Aircraft engine cowlings

v. Aircraft passenger doors (GM)

☐ Documented and Implemented (Conformity)

1.2 Aircraft Marshalling

i. Nose gear-controlled pushback and towing

ii. Main gear-controlled pushback

iv. Taxi-out (GM)

☐ Documented and Implemented (Conformity)

Reference: AGM DOC.F11 7 of 37 Issue date: Feb-2019

☐ Documented not Implemented (Finding)

i. Provide standard marshalling signals in a clear and precise manner.