Pre-Test

Pre-test
Multiple Choice: Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. In applying the health belief model to the decision to have back surgery, a patient must
first:
a. Find out what other people have done in the same situation.
b. Consult with his or her family to see what they think.
c. Try every possible medical treatment.
d. Check the internet for alternative options.
e. Acknowledge that a health threat exist.

2. Which of the following is a FALSE statement about health promotion programs.

a. It can more cost effective to prevent illness through a health promotion program than it
is to treat the illness.
b. They are designed so that they don’t affect people’s beliefs and values.
c. They provide information regarding the efficacy of preventative behaviors.
d. In keeping with the theory of planned behavior, health promotion programs focus on
the gains rather than costs.
e. Health promotion programs can target at-risk population.

3. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the health belief model?
a. Whether a person practices a particular health behavior is influenced by how they
perceive a health threat and whether a particular health practice will be effective reducing that
treat.
b. One component of the health belief model is about how a person’s perception of
particular health behavior depends on observing the actions and experiences of other people.
c. A person is likely to change their behavior if the cost outweigh the benefits.

4. Which of the following activities would be considered to be an example of Primary

prevention?
a. Clarifying the use and effects of prescribed medications with a pharmacist.
b. Receiving an immunization against influenza.
c. Receiving an annual mammogram.
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5. Which of the following activities would be considered to be an example as secondary
prevention?
a. Clarifying the use and effects of prescribed medications with a pharmacist.
b. Receiving an immunization against influenza.
c. Receiving an annual mammogram.

6. Which of the following statements could be an example of a normative belief, within the
context of the theory of planned behavior?
a. Wearing the seatbelt when driving
b. Expecting to have my blood pressure measured when I visit my physician
c. Having my family and friends think that I should go on a diet.

7. The theory of planned behavior includes the concept of perceived behavioral control.
Which of the following statements could be said by someone who is speaking about their self-
efficacy?
a. I think that being healthy and looking good are desirable attributes.
b. I am confident that I could quit smoking if I wanted to.
c. The decision to exercise is within my control.
d. Option B and C are correct.

8. Participation is an example of health promotion program that:

a. Uses vicarious learning as a tool for affecting health behaviors through its body break
commercials.
b. Can serve as a cue to action for viewers to improve their health behaviors.
c. All of the above

9. According to the lecture presented by tiffany and sultan, which of these is not
considered a form of physical activity?
a. Aerobic
b. Isometric
c. Isokinetic
d. Anaerobic
e. Isostatic

10. Manderbacka studies the relationship between health behaviors and self-ratings of
health. Which of these health behaviors is not correlated with health ratings?
a. Dietary fat
b. Exercise
c. Vitamin use
d. Smoking
e. Leisure time
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11. As described by the American heart association, which of these modes of action can
prevent cardiovascular disease?
a. Behavioral targets of change
b. Community implementation of intervention
c. Essential public health service to allow for direct prevention
d. All of the above

12. Chiuve et al examinated the relationship between lifestyle factors and stroke. Which of
these is not a life style factor that the investigators assessed in their survey?
a. Smoking
b. Diet
c. Exercise
d. Stress levels
e. Alcohol consumption

13. A lack of sleep has been found to have a negative effect on:
a. Behavior
b. Motor function
c. Cognitive performance
d. The immune system
e. All of the above

14. Which of the following is correctly matched to a stage of the trans theoretical model?
a. Preparation stage
b. Maintenance
c. Contemplative

15. In a study conducted by babyak et al on major depression it was found that:

a. Exercise has a known mechanism of action for reducing major depression
b. Exercise prevents relapse in depression is more so than medication or exercise alone.
c. Exercise prevents relapse in depression more so that medication or combination of
medication and exercise.

3
Recent decades have seen increasing attention to the contribution of psychosocial
factors, particularly behaviour, to enhancing or compromising health. Healthy people (
U.S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1979) and Health Behaviour:
Frontiers of Research in the Bio behavioural Science ( IOM, 1982; hereafter referred to
as the 1982 report) identified and integrated a range of research and identified
promising areas, or ―scientific opportunities,‖ for future development. Cigarette
smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, other substance abuse, unhealthy dietary
habits, sedentary lifestyles, and non adherence to effective medication regimens were
among the health-compromising behaviours identified and targeted for modification or
prevention with consequent benefit to the public health. The 1982 report recognized
that both access to health care regard for its advice are behaviourally influenced (IOM
1982:25) and that ―the burden of illnesses and disabilities in the United States and
the world is closely related to social, psychological, and behavioural aspects of the way
of life population‖ (IOM, 1982:49-50).

4
 Exercises No. 1
In this activity, write Yes or No on the table below.

My Eating Habits Yes/No

1. I go to party and eat a lot with my family or friends.

2. I don’t mind if I eat a lot.

3. I make sure that I don’t eat before doing my exercise.

4. Food is my stress reliever.

5. Whenever I’m happy, I love to eat.

6. I eat less when I am depressed.

7. I feel compelled to eat every time we have a celebration.

8. I don’t eat food when I’m watching TV or any sport event.

9. I eat my meals regularly. I make sure that I don’t skip any meal.

10. I eat more than three meals in a day.

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 Exercises No. 2
Puzzle: Encircle the word that are related to the health behavior and health
risk factors.

T O B A C C O D E H

A B C L D E F R A E

R E J C I H G U T A

I S M O K I N G I L

S I K H L M N S N T

K T P O O R O P G H

Q Y T L W Y A C E F

R S U V X Z B D F G

A D F A K L M S M R

D A G A T D K I L S

T A T A Y K O Y A N

H D M I K L M N O P

6
 Discussion
Health behavior is an action to maintain, attain, or regain good health and
to prevent illness. Some common health behaviors are exercising regularly, eating a
balanced diet, and obtaining necessary. Numerous lifestyle habits, identified as
behavioral risk factors (BRFs), may increase NCD risk. These risk factors include
overweight or obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, and risky alcohol consumption
(2,4-8). Each of these risk factors alone can cause numerous health problem.

Your personal health risk factors include your age, sex, family health history, lifestyle,
and more. Some risk factors can’t be changed, such as your genes or ethnicity. Others
are within your control, like your diet, physical activity, and whether you wear a
seatbelt.
Types of risk factors

1. Smoking tobacco
2. Drinking too much alcohol
3. Nutritional choices
4. Physical inactivity
5. Spending too much time in the sun without proper protection.
6. Not having certain vaccinations
7. Unprotected sex
The negative effects of risk behaviors are currently well known. They lead to personal,
social and economic problems, and are associated with mortality, namely through
accidents, violence and crime. Several factors are associated to risk behaviors.
The three categories of risk factors are detailed here:

2. Increasing age. The majority of people who die of coronary heart disease
are 65 or older
3. Male gender
4. Heredity
5. Tobacco smoke
6. High blood cholesterol
7. High blood pressure
8. Physical inactivity
9. Obesity and being over weight
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Sedentary lifestyle is a type of lifestyle involving little or no physical activity. A
person living a sedentary lifestyle is often sitting or lying down while engaged in an
activity like reading, socializing, watching television, playing video games, or using a
mobile phone/computer for much of the day.

Alcohol and Drug abuse

Use and abuse of drugs and alcohol by teens is very common and can have a serious
consequences. In the 15-24 years age range, 50% of deaths (from accidents,
homicides, suicides) involve alcohol or drug abuse. Drugs and alcohol also contribute
to physical and sexual aggression such as assault or rape. Possible stages of teenage
experience with alcohol and drugs include abstinence (non-use), experimentation,
regular use (both recreational and compensatory for other problems), abuse, and
dependency. Repeated and regular recreational use can lead to other problems like
anxiety and depression. Some teenagers regularly use drugs or alcohol to compensate
for anxiety, depression, or a lack of positive social skills. Teen use of tobacco and
alcohol should not be minimized because they can be ―gateway drugs‖ for other drugs
(marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, and heroin). The combination of
teenagers’ curiosity, risk taking behavior, and social pressure make it very difficult to
say no. This leads most teenagers to the questions: ―will it hurt to try one?‖

Warning signs of teenage drug or alcohol abuse may include:

● A drop in school performance

● A change in groups of friends
● Delinquent behavior
● Deterioration in family relationships.
Tobacco addiction is one of the abused substances in the world. Nicotine is the
main addictive chemical in tobacco.

Poor Eating Habits include under- or over-eating, not having enough of the healthy
foods we need each day, or consuming too many types of food and drink which are low
in fiber or high in fat, salt an/or sugar.

Stress is a feeling of emotional or physical tension. It can come from any event or
thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry, or nervous. Stress is your body’s
reaction to a challenge or demand. In short bursts, stress can be positive, such as
when it helps you avoid danger or meet a deadline.

8
 Seatwork

List down five cause and effect of using alcohol and drugs.

Cause Effect

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

Reason why some people using cigarette/tobacco.

Reasons

1.

2.

3.

4.

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Common signs of stress

Signs of stress
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Risk of Unhealthy and Poor eating habits

Risk of Unhealthy and Poor eating habits

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Many of us try to live a healthy lifestyle. We do various things to become fit

and to achieve our desired physique — oftentimes without first knowing and
understanding the consequences. Our health becomes at risk and prone to different
risks that can affect our capacity to do daily physical activity. We need to realize that
there are some common health practices — particularly when dealing with stress—
that need to be corrected right away, especially among the young ones. Some stress
coping measures affect or show in a person’s eating or sleeping habits.

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 Exercises No. 1
Let’s find out!
This activity is consisted of two sections to assess yourself. Write your answer in a separate
piece of paper.
Name: ________________________________ Section/Track:______________
Part 1: Eating Habits
1. How many meals do you eat a day (breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks)? Consider every
fruit, every yoghurt, or a glass of milk etc. as a single snack. …
a. during the week…

☐ 1-2 meals a day ☐ 3-4 meals a day

☐ 5-6 meals a day ☐ more than 6 meals a day …

at the weekend…

☐ 1-2 meals a day ☐ 3-4 meals a day

☐ 5-6 meals a day ☐ more than 6 meals a day

2. How often do you have hot meals? during the week…

☐ several times a day

☐ more than 3 times a week

☐ once daily

☐ less than 3 times a week

☐ never

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at the weekend…

☐ several times a day

☐ once daily

☐ more than 3 times a week

☐ less than 3 times a week

3. Which meals do you usually partake?

☐ breakfast

☐ lunch

☐ dinner

☐ snacks

4. Do you get up at nights to eat, or do you eat at night times because of sleeplessness?

☐ yes ☐ no

5. Do you watch out for healthy nutrition?

☐ never ☐ rarely

☐ occasionally ☐ usually

Answering these questions about eating habits, do you think you are having a good practice of
taking care of yourself? How?
______________________________________________________________________________
_______
______________________________________________________________________________
_______
______________________________________________________________________________
____
_____.

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Part 2: Stress
1. Words like tension, anxiety, burden, pressure, hormonal changes, expectations and
unhappiness defines stress according to you?

☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Maybe

2. As a teenager do you think your teenage life is stressed?

☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Maybe

3. Does your stress influence your health? How?

☐ Yes, I have started eating more or less

☐ Yes, I suffer from weakness and dizziness

☐ Yes, I am losing lot of hair

☐ No, stress doesn’t affect my health

4. Do you think stress is important?

☐ Yes

☐ No

☐ Maybe/sometimes

☐ Not at all
Answering these questions, how does your response affect to your health?
______________________________________________________________________________
_______
______________________________________________________________________________
_______
______________________________________________________________________________
_______

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 Exercises No. 2
Let’s have a short story!

PUT YOUR GLASS DOWN!

A professor entered his classroom with a glass of water. He raised the glass of water.
everyone in the room expected the: half entry or half full‖ question. Instead, to
everyone’s surprise, the professor smiled and inquired: ― How heavy is this glass of
water?‖.The answers called out for the range from 8 Oz to 15 Oz.― I need to weigh it to
know how much exactly it weighs. But the question, I really want you to answer is –
what if I held the glass up for a minute?‖, asked the professor.― Nothing‖ the students
answered unanimously.― But what if I hold it for an hour?‖ asked the professor.― Your
arms will start aching ― , answered one of the students.― You are right!, But what if I
held it up for a whole day?‖, queried the professor.― Your arms will feel numb, your
muscles get stressed and it may even get paralyzed‖ ventured an another student .―
You are right!‖, exclaimed the professor. ― So what should I do to avoid the pain ―
asked the professor.― Keep the glass down‖, answered a student.― Exactly!‖ said the
professor. He continued ―In all the case the weight of the glass remains the same. But,
longer I held it up, heavier it becomes. The stress and worries in life are like the glass
of water. If you think about them for a while, nothing happens. Think about them for
longer, they will start hurting. Think about them for even longer, you will feel stress
and be paralyzed ‖It is important to think about the problems in the life. But, you
should not carry the stress long enough that it begins to ache and paralyze your life.
It is important to let go of your stresses. Don’t carry your stress all day and always
remember to put the glass down before you go to bed!

By: Anonymous

How does the story make you feel? Were you inspired? Give your reflection to this
short story:

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______.
Exploring Skills!

14
This is your time to shine and to express your understanding of the story. Create a
short catchy ―hugot line’s‖ that would best reflect the important values your learned.

15
 Discussion
Stress, Eating habits and Physical Activity: What Goes Wrong?

Stress is a reaction of the body and mind to unkind or challenging life incidents such
as tense feelings, worry and discomfort. The Imbalance between the demand from the
environment and the person’s ability to cope can trigger feelings of anxiety.

We need to deal with the fact that stress is part of our lives. Stress happens for many
reasons – environmental factors, fatigue, too much work, illness, and loneliness. It is
inevitable; hence, needs to be handled properly. Handling stress seems to be tough to
do but we need to learn how to cope with it the right way. If not properly dealt with, it
can lead to many health concerns—difficulties in sleeping, poor immunity,
hypertension, and even heart disease. One may also perform poorly in physical
activities because of stress.

Examples of such means that can be detrimental to health are the following:

10. Smoking
11. Bad Eating habits-skipping meals and overeating
12. Excessive alcohol intake
13. Excessice sleeping
14. Procrastinating- trying to hide and escpae the problem using delaying tactics
rather than facing the problems.
Stressor is an event or situation that causes stresful situations, which are seen as
risks to the well-being of a person. Stress may be classified as:

a. Acute Stress- the in bits of thrill

b. Cumulative stress- is a series of stress that has built up
c. Chronic stress- is a form of stress that is recurring.
Coping with Stress through Physical Activity

Stress is inevitable and eliminating it entirely from one’s life is impossible. Changes in
daily events are beyond any person’s capacity. However, one’s reaction to stressful
changes can be managed. Regular exercise is sometimes done to cope with stress.
Spending time with friends or family, sleeping, watching movies, as well as listening to
music, also work. These coping techniques are said to be of help but most health
professionals recommend participation and engagement in physical activity and
exercise as preferred strategy.
16
Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement that works your skeletal muscles
and physical skills, that requires strength and energy expenditure. This includes any
motion performed throughout the day. Walking, running, dancing, swimming, yoga,
and gardening are a few examples of physical activity.

Types of Physical Activity

1. Aerobic - light to moderate-intensity physical activity that requires more oxygen

than sedentary behavior, and thus promotes cardiovascular fitness and other health
benefits (e.g., weight bearing exercises like jumping rope, cycling, swimming, running
playing football, basketball, or volleyball).

2. Anaerobic - high-intensity physical activity that is done in a short duration of time

requiring high energy. Anaerobic activities are strength-base activities in the absence
of oxygen (e.g., sprinting during running, swimming, or cycling) requires maximal
performance during the brief period.

3. Lifestyle - physical activities which have been a part of our daily routine (e.g.,
walking, climbing stairs, sweeping or raking the yard), which is usually light to
moderate in intensity.

4. Physical activity play - an intense play activity that requires substantial energy
expenditure (e.g. playing tag, jumping rope).

5. Play - simple and self-reflected activities with flexible rules for the purpose of
enjoyment. 6. Sports - a physical activity requiring skill and physical prowess that is
governed by set of rules and regulations that is often done in a competition. There are
two categories of sports: individual and team.

Eating Habits

-characterizes the way an individual consumes food.

It relates how, why, what and with whom an individual eat, as well as the way he/she
gains, stores, uses and discards food. Eating habits is likely wise influenced by
culture, religion, economic status, society and environment.

We can always eat the food that we want. There is nothing wrong with eating. It only
goes wrong if we consume less or more than what our body needs; also when we eat
unhealthy food. This can lead to being underweight, overweight, or even obese. It is
alarming to see that many are suffering from malnutrition, overweight, and obesity.

17
 Underweight people are often found to suffer from malnutrition due to lack of
adequate nutrients in the body. Many of them do not get the right amount of
calories to fuel their bodies thus, they tend to lack the energy to do regular
tasks at home, school, and work. Their immune system also gets weak and
compromised, making them prone to health risk issues such as anemia and
osteoporosis.

Overweight and obese people often encounter a lot of physical and emotional
struggles in their daily lives. They often have a hard time doing simple tasks
such as tying their shoelaces or walking up a short flight of stairs. They also
find themselves the subject of bullying. Furthermore, they are also at risk of
developing other health conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes,
among others.

Overeating is also found to be one of the leading causes of overweight and obesity.
Eating too much, especially processed food and sugary drinks, coupled with a
sedentary lifestyle contribute significantly to weight gain. The calories consumed,
particularly from fats and sugars, have to be burned off through physical activity or
exercise. Otherwise, these calories will be just be stored in the body as fat.

18
 What I Have Learned

1. What have you learned about Health behavior?

2. What happens If you live a sedentary lifestyle?

3. How do you get rid of tobacco addiction?

4. Why is the release of hormones and its processes important to

response?

5. Participation in physical activity helps in managing stress by

19
 What I Can Do

Many of the physical symptoms of stress can be managed through physical

activity. Physical Activity is defined as any bodily movement that works your skeletal
muscles and physical skills, that requires strength and energy expenditure. This
includes any motion performed throughout the day. Walking, running, dancing,
swimming, yoga, and gardening are a few examples of physical activity.

Types of physical activity

Aerobic – light moderate-intensity physical activity that requires more
oxygen than sedentary behavior, and thus promotes cardiovascular fitness and
other health benefits. (e.g. ,weight bearing exercise like jumping rope, cycling,
swimming, running, playing football, basketball and volleyball).
Anaerobic – high-intensity physical activity that is done in a short
duration of time requiring high energy. Anaerobic activities are strength base
activities in the absence of oxygen. (e.g., sprinting during running, swimming
or cycling) requires maximal performance during the brief period.
Lifestyle – physical activities which have been a part of our daily routine
(e.g., walking, climbing stairs, sweeping or raking the yard), which is usually
light to moderate in intensity.
Physical activity play – an intense play activity that requires substantial
energy expenditure (e.g., playing tag, jumping rope).
Play – simple and self-reflected activities with flexible rules for the
purpose of enjoyment.
Sports – a physical activity requiring skill and physical prowess that is
governed by set of rules and regulations that is often done in competition.
There are two categories of sports: individual and team.

20
 Quiz
Test I
Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. The concept of _______________ has been used to describe behaviors

with potentially negative effects on health.
a. Health education
b. Health
c. Health risk behavior

2. Is an action to maintain, attain, or regain good health and to prevent

illness?
a. Health education
b. Health behavior
c. Health risk behavior

3. Is a type of lifestyle involving little or no physical activity?

a. Sedentary lifestyle
b. Health
c. Health risk behavior

4. Is one of the most abused substances in the world?

a. Tobacco
b. Cigarette
c. Drugs

5. Under or over eating, not having enough of the healthy foods we need
each day.
a. Tobacco
b. Cigarette
c. Poor eating habits

6. Is a feeling of emotional or physical tension?

a. Poor eating habits
b. Stress
c. Health behavior
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7. Such as substances abuse, heavy alcohol consumption, unprotected
sexual intercourse.
a. Poor eating habits
b. Stress
c. Risky behavior

8. It is one of the type of risk factors.

a. Smoking tobacco
b. Stress
c. Health

9. It is of the risk factors for heart disease and other cardiovascular disease
include.
a. Lack of exercise
b. Health
c. Stress

15. Is defined as any bodily movement that works your skeletal muscles and
physical skills, that requires strength and energy expenditures.
a. Lack of exercise
b. Physical activity
c. Stress

16. Light moderate-intensity physical activity that requires more oxygen than
sedentary behavior, and thus promotes cardiovascular fitness and other health
benefits.
a. Aerobic
b. Anaerobic
c. Lifestyle

17. High-intensity physical activity that is done in a short duration of time

requiring high energy. Anaerobic activities are strength base activities in the
absence of oxygen.
a. Aerobic
b. Anaerobic
c. Lifestyle

18. Physical activities which have been a part of our daily routine.
a. Aerobic
b. Anaerobic
c. Lifestyle

22
19. An intense play activity that requires substantial energy expenditure
(e.g., playing tag, jumping rope).
a. Physical activity paly
b. Play
c. Sports

20. Simple and self-reflected activities with flexible rules for the purpose of
enjoyment.
a. Physical activity paly
b. Play
c. Sports

23
 Additional Activities

Direction: In this activity, to choose the right food by making a food guide
or a weekly meal planner.
Directions: Make a weekly meal planner by filling out the table below.

Meal Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Breakfast

Lunch

Snacks

Dinner

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