Splunk Questions
Splunk Questions
What is the limit= to when you click the Top values in a field window?
3
Limit=0 returns how many results
Unlimited results
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By default what is the name of the countfield?
Count
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Shows the number of events that match the search criteria
stats count
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Returns a count of unique values for a given field?
distinct_count, dc
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Shows all values of a given field?
list
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Shows unique values of a given field?
values
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What are saved searches?
Reports
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Does running a report return fresh results each time you run it?
Yes!
11
____ and ____ allow you to drill down by default to see the underlying events.
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Can reports be shard and added to dashboards?
Yes!
13
The report is saved with the time range that was selected when it was created. True
or False?
True!
14
Adding a time range picker allows you to do what to the Report?
It allows you to adjust the time range of the Report when you run it.
15
What are the dialog buttons when creating a report?
1. Continue Editing
2. Add to Dashboard
3. View - allows you to display and rerun the report
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There are 3 main ways to create tables and visualizations in Splunk. What are they?
1. Select a field from the fields sidebar and choose a report to run
3. Use the Splunk search language transforming commands in the Search bar.
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Numeric fields have 6 report types with mathematical functions, what are they?
18
For alphanumeric character fields, there are only 3 available reports, what are
they?
1. Top values
2. Top values by time
3. Rare values
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When updating visualization settings like the min/max, how soon are the new
settings reflected?
Immediately!!
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Switch to what tab in order to view the data as a table?
Statistics!
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What is a dashboard?
A dashboard consists of one or more panels displaying data visually in a useful way
- such as events, tables, or charts.
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Why create panels from reports?
Any change to the underlying report affects every dashboard panel that utilizes
that report.
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Dashboards can be exported as...
as a PDF or Printed
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How do you create an Instant Pivot?
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When saving a Pivot as a Report what is required?
26
What is a lookup?
Sometimes static (or relatively unchanging) data is required for searches but isn't
available in the index
Lookups pull such data from standalone files at search time and add it to search
results
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*NOTE: Lookups allow you to add more fields to your events, such as:
- Descriptions for HTTP status codes ("File Not Found", "Service Unavailable")
- Sale prices for products
- User names, IP addresses, and workstation IDs associated with RFIDs
28
After a lookup is configured, you can use the lookup fields in searches, True or
False?
True!!
29
True or False: The lookup fields also appear in the Fields sidebar
True!
30
True or False: Lookup field values are case sensitive by default?
True!
31
What happens when an OUTPUT is not specified?
All the fields from the lookup table except the match fields
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What happens when the OUTPUT is specified?
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If a field in the lookup table represents a timestamp, you can create a what?
Time-Based Lookup
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Why would you want to use Scheduled Reports?
35
How do you create a Scheduled Report?
Presets
Relative
Advanced
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This setting determines a time frame to run the report.
Schedule Window
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Creates an indexed, searchable log event.
Log Event
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Selecting Output results to lookup.
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Selecting Output results to telemetry endpoint
Sends usage metrics back to Splunk (if your company has opted-in to program)
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Run a Script
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Send email
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Webhook
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Managing Reports - Edit Permissions
With the GUI inside the Reports tab under Edit then Edit Permissions.
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Managing Reports - Edit Permissions
With the GUI inside the Reports tab under Edit then Edit Permissions.
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To access the report results from a webpage.
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What are Alerts??
Alerts are triggered when the results of the search meet a specific condition that
you define
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How to create an Alert in the GUI?
1. Run a search
2. Select Save As > Alert
3. Give the alert a Title and Description
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Setting alert permissions
Private Permissions
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Setting alert permissions
Shared in App
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What type of alert?
Scheduled Alerts
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What kind of search?
Real-Time
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You can set alerts to trigger in five ways
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Alert Actions - Trigger Conditions
Executes actions one time for all matching events within the scheduled time and
conditions
Once Trigger
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Alert Actions - Trigger Conditions
*NOTE: Executes the alert actions once for each result that matches the conditions.
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All actions that are available for scheduled reports and also available for alerts:
- Log Event
- Output results to lookup
- Output results to telemetry endpoint
- Run a script
- Send email
- Webhook
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Alert Actions - Add to Triggered Alerts
- Info
- Low
- Medium
- High
- Critical
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Alert Actions - Log Event
When saving as a report, under Triggered Alerts and + Add Actions. You can add a
Log Event action Which Log Event action matches the description below?
Enter the information that will be written to the new log event.
Event!
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Alert Actions - Log Event
When saving as a report, under Triggered Alerts and + Add Actions. You can add a
Log Event action Which Log Event action matches the description below?
_____ of the new log event (by default, the alert name)
Source!
60
Alert Actions - Log Event
When saving as a report, under Triggered Alerts and + Add Actions. You can add a
Log Event action Which Log Event action matches the description below?
Sourcetype!
61
Alert Actions - Log Event
When saving as a report, under Triggered Alerts and + Add Actions. You can add a
Log Event action Which Log Event action matches the description below?
____ value of the new log event (by default, IP address of the host of the alert)
Host!
62
Alert Actions - Log Event
When saving as a report, under Triggered Alerts and + Add Actions. You can add a
Log Event action Which Log Event action matches the description below?
Destination ____ for the new log event (default value is main)
Index!
63
Alert Actions - Send Email
When saving as a report, under Triggered Alerts and + Add Actions. You can add a
Log Event action Which Log Event action matches the description below?
Include!
64
Alert Actions - Send Email
When saving as a report, under Triggered Alerts and + Add Actions. You can add a
Log Event action Which Log Event action matches the description below?
____ select the format of the text message.
Type!
65
What does Splunk do?
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What data can be pulled into Splunk?
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Types of Splunk Deployment?
Splunk Cloud
- Splunk Enterprise as a scalable service
- No infrastructure required
Splunk Light
- Solution for small IT environments
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What three things define what Splunk Apps are?
- Designed to address a wide variety of use cases and to extend the power of Splunk
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What are Splunk Enhanced Solutions?
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Out of the box, there are 3 main roles:
Admin
Power
User
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What is the Search & Reporting App used for?
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Data Summary Tabs
Unique identifier of where the events originated (host name, IP address, etc.)
Host!
73
Data Summary Tabs
Source!
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Data Summary Tabs
Sourcetype!
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Splunk is comprised of ___ components. What are they and how many?
3 main components
Indexer
Search Head
Forwarder
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What are three things the Indexer does?
- Processes machine data, storing the results in indexes as events, enabling fast
search and analysis
- Contains raw data (compressed) and indexes (points to the raw data)
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What are four things the Search Heads do?
- Allows users to use the Search language to search the indexed data
- Consolidates the results and extracts field value pairs from the events to the
user
-Knowledge Objects on the Search Heads can be created to extract additional fields
and transform the data without changing the underlying index data
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What are four things Forwarders do?
- Splunk Enterprise instances that consume and send data the index
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What are the 3 less-common components of Splunk?
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Deployment Server
Cluster Master
License Master
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Splunk Deployment - Standalone or Single Server
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- All functions in a single instance of Splunk
- This is what you get when you download Splunk and install with default settings
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Splunk Deployment - Basic or Splunk Server
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Has a Splunk server:
- Similar to server in standalone configuration
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Splunk Deployment - Basic
What are three rules and limits in Basic Deployment for organizations:
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- Indexing less than 20GB per day
- With under 20 users
- Small amount of forwarders
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A Splunk Deployment - Multi-Instance
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- Increases indexing and searching capacity
- Search management and index functions are split across multiple machines
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What are three rules and limits in Multi - Instance deployment for organizations:
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- Indexing up to 100GB per day
- Supports 100 users
- Supports several hundred forwarders
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Splunk Deployment - Increasing Capacity/Search Head Cluster
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Adding a Search Head Cluster:
- Services more users for increased search capacity
- Allows users and searches to share resources
- Coordinate activities to handle search requests and distribute the requests
across the set of indexers
Use a deployer to manage and distribute apps to the members of the search head
cluster.
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What is the minimum number of Search Heads required to make a cluster?
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3 Search Heads
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What is used to manage and distribute apps to the members of the Search Head
Cluster?
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A Deployer!
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Splunk Deployment - What is an Index Cluster used for?
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Traditional Index Clusters:
- Configured to replicate data
- Prevent data loss
- Promote availability
- Manage multiple indexers
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Two things to know about non-replicating Index Clusters:
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- Offer simplified management
- Do not provide availability or data recovery
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What are the Splunk components installed from the Splunk Enterprise package?
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Indexer (Search Peer)
Search Head
Deployment Server
License Master
Heavy Forwarder
Cluster Master
Search Head Cluster
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splunk help
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Display a usage summary
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splunk [start | stop | restart]
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Manage the Splunk processes
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splunk start --accept-license
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Automatically accept the license without prompt
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splunk status
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Display the Splunk process status
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splunk show splunkd-port
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Show the port that the splunkd listens on
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splunk show web-port
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Show the port that Splunk Web listens on
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splunk show servername
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Show the servername of this instance
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splunk show default-hostname
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Show the default host name used for all data inputs
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splunk enable boot-start-user
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Initialize script to run Splunk Enterprise at system startup
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splunk enable boot-start-user
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Initialize script to run Splunk Enterprise at system startup
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Splunk Index Time Process
Input Phase:
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Handled at the source (usually a forwarder)
- The data sources are being opened and read
- Data is handled as streams and any configuration settings are applied to the
entire stream
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Splunk Index Time Process
Parsing Phase:
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Handled by indexers (or heavy forwarders)
- Data is broken up into events and advanced processing can be performed
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Splunk Index Time Process
Indexing Phase:
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- License meter runs as data and is initially written to disk, prior to compression
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What are the data input types that Splunk supports?
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Files and directiories
Network data
Script output
Windows logs
HTTP
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What are the default Metadata settings for Splunk?
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Source
Host
Sourcetype
Index
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What are the Add Data options depending on the source being used?
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Upload Option - allows uploading local files that only get indexed once. Useful for
testing or data that is created once and never gets updated. Does not create
inputs.conf
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*NOTE: Splunk parses data into individual events, extracts time, and assigns
metadata each event has a/an:
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timestamp
host
source
sourcetype
index
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What layout options do you have to view your search results in?
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Raw
LIst
Table
110
What are Selected Fields?
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A set of configurable fields displayed for each event
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What are Interesting Fields?
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They occur in at least 20% of resulting events.
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Fast Mode:
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Emphasizes speed over completeness
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Smart Mode:
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Balances speed and completeness (default)
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Verbose Mode:
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- Emphasizes completeness over speed
- Allows access to underlying events when using reporting or statistical commands
(in addition to totals and stats)
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What are the syntax components of Splunk's Search Language?
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Search for this
PIPE
Command
Function
Argument
Clause
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What are the 5 basic components that make up the Splunk Search Language?
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Search Terms
Commands
Functions
Arguments
Clauses
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Search Language Syntax Components
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Search Terms
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Search Language Syntax Components
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Commands
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Search Language Syntax Components
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Functions
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Search Language Syntax Components
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Arguments
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Search Language Syntax Components
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Clauses
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What are the colors of Splunk's search syntax?
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Boolean Operators/Command Modifiers - ORANGE
Commands - BLUE
Command Arguments - GREEN
Functions - PURPLE
123
What are the transforming commands?
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chart
timechart
stats
top
rare
contingency
highlight
124
Machine data is always structured.
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False!
125
Machine data makes up for more than ___% of the data accumulated by organizations.
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90%
126
Machine data is only generated by web servers.
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False!
127
Which function is not a part of a single instance deployment?
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Clustering!
128
What are the three main processing components of Splunk?
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Forwarders
Search Heads
Indexers
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Which of these is not a main component of Splunk?
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Compress and archive
130
What are the three main default roles in Splunk Enterprise?
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User
Power User
Admin
131
You can launch and manage apps from the home app.
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True!
132
Which apps ship with Splunk Enterprise?
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Search & Reporting
Home App
133
In most production environments, _______ will be used as the source of data input.
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Forwarders
134
The monitor input option will allow you to continuously monitor files.
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True!
135
Splunk uses ________ to categorize the type of data being indexed.
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Sourcetype!
136
When zooming in on the event time line, a new search is run.
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False!
137
How is the asterisk used in Splunk search?
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A wildcard
138
These are booleans in the Splunk Search Language.
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NOT
OR
AND
139
What attributes describe the circled field below?
a dest 4
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It contains string values
It contains 4 values
140
Field names are ________.
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Case sensitive
141
Which is not a comparison operator in Splunk?
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?=
142
As a general practice, exclusion is better than inclusion in a Splunk search.
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False!
143
What is the most efficient way to filter events in Splunk?
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By time!
144
Time to search can only be set by the time range picker.
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False!
145
Excluding fields using the Fields Command will benefit performance.
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False!
146
Finish the rename command to change the name of the status field to HTTP Status.
sourcetype=a* status=404 | rename _____
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status as "HTTP Status"
147
Would the ip column be removed in the results of this search? Why or why not?
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NO, because the name was changed
148
How many results are shown by default when using a Top or Rare Command?
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10
149
Which one of these is not a stats function?
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Addtotals
150
Which stats function would you use to find the average value of a field?
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avg
151
The User role can not create reports.
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False!
152
A time range picker can be included in a report.
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True!
153
These roles can create reports:
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User
Power
Admin
154
Data models are made up of ___________.
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Datasets
155
Adding child data model objects is like the ______ Boolean in the Splunk search
language.
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AND
156
Pivots cannot be saved as reports panels.
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False!
157
To keep from overwriting existing fields with your Lookup you can use the
____________ clause.
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OUTPUTNEW
158
External data used by a Lookup can come from sources like:
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Scripts
CSV
Geospatial data
159
When using a .csv file for Lookups, the first row in the file represents this.
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Field names
160
Once an alert is created, you can no longer edit its defining search.
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False!
161
Alerts can be shared to all apps.
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True!
162
Alerts can run uploaded scripts.
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True!
163
Search strings are sent from the _________.
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Search Head!
164
In most Splunk deployments, ________ serve as the primary way data is supplied for
indexing.
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Forwarders!
165
Splunk knows where to break the event, where the time stamp is located and how to
automatically create field value pairs using these.
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Sourcetypes!
166
When a search is sent to splunk, it becomes a _____.
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Search Job!
167
Field values are case sensitive.
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False!
168
Having separate indexes allows:
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Faster Searches
Multiple retention policies
Ability to limit access
169
What command would you use to remove the status field from the returned events?
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fields -
170
Which clause would you use to rename the count field?
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as
171
Charts can be based on numbers, time, or location.
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True!
172
In a dashboard, a time range picker will only work on panels that include a(n)
__________ search.
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Inline
173
In a dashboard, a time range picker will only work on panels that include a(n)
__________ search.
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Inline
174
Which role(s) can create data models?
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Power
Admin
175
The instant pivot button is displayed in the statistics and visualization tabs when
a _______ search is run.
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Non-transforming
176
A lookup is categorized as a dataset.
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True!
177
Finish this search command so that it displays data from the http_status.csv Lookup
file.
| ______ http_status.csv
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inputlookup
178
Real-time alerts will run the search continuously in the background.
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True
179
What is the order of evaluation for Boolean operations in Splunk?
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NOT
OR
AND
180
Commands that create statistics and visualizations are called _______________
commands.
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transforming
181
Shared search jobs remain active for _______ by default.
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7 days
182
Wildcards cannot be used with field searches.
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False
183
This symbol is used in the "Advanced" section of the time range picker to round
down to nearest unit of specified time.
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@
184
What is missing from this search?
sourcetype=a* | rename ip as "User IP" | table User IP
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Quotation marks around User IP
185
_____________ are reports gathered together into a single pane of glass.
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Dashboards
186
An alert is an action triggered by a _____________.
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Saved Search
187
Search requests are processed by the ___________.
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Indexers
188
This role will only see their own knowledge objects and those that have been shared
with them.
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User
189
Files indexed using the the upload input option get indexed _____.
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Once
190
Events are always returned in chronological order.
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False
191
Events are always returned in chronological order.
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False
192
A search job will remain active for ___ minutes after it is run.
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10 mins
193
Excluding fields using the Fields Command will benefit performance.
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False
194
The time stamp you see in the events is based on the time zone in your user
account.
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True
195
If a search returns this, you can view the results as a chart.
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Statistical values