DEHRADUN PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT (2020-21)
SUBJECT- CHEMISTRY (043)
CLASS-XII
UNIT1:SOLID STATE
I-Multiple Choice Questions:
1. What is the C.N. of Cl ion in NaCl crystal ?
–

(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 2

2. Which of the following is an amorphous solid ?
(a) Graphite (b) Quartz glass (c) Chrome alum (d) Silicon carbide
Q.3. In which pair most efficient packing is present ?
(a) hcp and bcc (b) hcp and ccp (c) bcc and ccp (d) bcc and simple cubic cell
Q.4. The total number of tetrahedral voids in the face centered unit cell is
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 12
II-Assertion and Reason Type Questions:
In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is
given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation
for assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
1. Assertion : The total number of atoms present in a simple cubic unit cell is one.
Reason : Simple cubic unit cell has atoms at its corners , each of which is shared
between eight adjacent unit cells.0
2. Assertion : The packing efficiency is maximum for the fcc structure.
Reason : The co-ordination number is 12 in fcc structure.
3. Assertion : Graphite is a good conductor of electricity but diamond belongs to the
category of insulators.
Reason : Graphite is soft in nature but diamond is very hard and brittle.
4. Assertion : Total number of octahedral voids present in unit cell of cubic close
packing including the one that is present at the body centre is four.
Reason : Besides the body centre there is one octahedral voids present at the centre of
each of the six faces of the unit cell and each of which is shared between two adjacent
unit cells.
III-Case based Question:
I. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
Solids may be classified as amorphous andcrystalline. Amorphous solids are isotropic
where as crystalline solids are anisotropic. Solids canalso be classified on the basis of
type of forces of attraction as ionic, covalent, metallic and molecular solids. Unit cells
represent crystal lattice. Types of crystal lattice-bcc, fcc, simple cubic, end centredcubic
are most common in seven crystal systems and 14 bravais lattices. The constituent
particles arrange in square close packing, bccp, fccp, hcp.Packing efficiency of hcp and
fccp is 74%, bccp68% and simple cubic packing (52%). The vacant sites in packing are
called voids, tetrahedral and octahedral being most common. Density of solids can be
calculated.
(a) A given metal has fcc structure with edge length
of 361 pm. What is radius of atom?
 (b) A compound is formed by cation ‘C’ which
occupy 75% of octahedral voids and anion ‘A’
form hcp. What is formula of compound?
(c) What type of solid is silicon carbide (Carborundum)?
IV-Subjective Questions
1. An element with density 11.2g/cm forms an fcc lattice with edge length 4x10 cm.
3 -8

Calculate the atomic mass of the element.

2.Density of Li atom is 0.53g/cm . The edge length of Li is 3.5 Å. Find out the no. of Li
3

atoms in a unit cell.

3. What is the formula of a compound in which the element Y forms hcp latics and atoms
of X occupy 2/3 of tetrahedral voids.
rd

4. A metal crystallizes into two cubic phases, fcc and bcc whose unit cell lengths are 3.5
and 3.0 Å, respectively. Calculate the ratio of densities of fcc and bcc.
5. Define (i) Co-ordination number (ii) unit cell (iii) Network solids .
UNIT II: SOLUTION
I-Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Which of the following units is useful in relating concentration of solution with its
vapour pressure ?
(a) mole fraction (b) parts per million (c) mass percentage (d) molality
2. A beaker contains a solution of substance ‘A’. Precipitation of substance ‘A’ takes
place when small amount of ‘A’ is added to the solution. The solution is:
(a) saturated (b) supersaturated (c) unsaturated (d) concentrated
3. An unripe mango placed in a concentrated salt solution to prepare pickle, shrivels
because:
(a) it gains water due to osmosis (b) it loses water due to osmosis (c) it gains water
due to reverse osmosis (d) it loses water due to reverse osmosis
4. Colligative properties depend on :
(a) the nature of the solute particles dissolved in the solution
(b) the number of the solute particles dissolved in the solution
(c) the physical properties of the solute particles dissolved in the solution
(d) the nature of solvent particles
II-Assertion and Reason Type Questions:
In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is
given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation
for assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement
1.Assertion : Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature.
Reason: The volume of a solution changes with change in temperature
2.Assertion : When methyl alchol is added to water, boiling point of water increases.
Reason: When a volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent elevation in boiling
point is observed.
3.Assertion : When NaCl is added to water a depression in freezing point is observed.
Reason: The lowering of vapour pressure of a solution causes depression in the
freezing point.
Q.4 Assertion : When a solution is separated from the pure solvent by a semi-permeable
membrane, the solvent molecules pass through it from pure solvent side to the solution
side.
Reason: Diffusion of solvent occurs through a region of high concentration solution to
a region of low concentration solution.
III-Case based questions
I.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
Solutions are homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Ideal solution follow
Raoult’s law. The vapour pressure of each component is directly proportional to their
mole fraction if both solute and solvent are volatile. The relative lowering of vapour
pressure is equal to mole fraction of solute if only solvent is volatile. Non-ideal solution
form azeotropes which cannot be separated by fractional distillation. Henry’s law is
special case of Raoult’s law applicable to gases dissolved in liquids. Colligative
properties depend upon number of particles of solute. Relative lowering of vapour
pressure, elevation in boiling point, depression in freezing point and osmotic ressure
are colligative properties which depend upon mole fraction of solute, molality and
molarity of solutions.
(a) 50 ml of an aqueous solution of glucose (Molar mass 180 g/mol) contains 6.02 ×
1022 molecules.
What is molarity?
(b) Identify which liquid has lower vapour pressure at 90°C if boiling point of liquid ‘A’
and ‘B’are 140°C and 180° respectively.
(c) What type of azeotropes are formed by nonideal solution showing negative
deviation from Raoult’s law?
II.Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
Solution play a very important role in our daily life. Alloys, homogeneous mixture of
metal are solution of solid in solid. 1 ppm (parts per million) of fluoride ions prevent
tooth decay. All intravenous injections must be isotonic with our body fluids, i.e. should
have same concentration as blood plasma. Diabetic patients are more likely to have
heart attack and high blood pressure due to higher glucose level in blood. Common salt
increase blood pressure because Na mixes up with blood. Aquatic species are more
+

comfortable in cold water than warm water.

(a) 0.1 M glucose is not isotonic with 0.1 M KCl solutions. Why?
(b) What will happen if pressure applied on solution side is more than osmotic pressure,
when solvent and solution are separated by semipermeable membrane?
IV-Subjective Questions
1. K of water is 1.86 K kg mol . If your automobile radiator holds 1 kg of water, how
f -1

many grams of ethylene glycol (C H O ) must you add to get the freezing point of
2 6 2

solution lowered to -2.8 C ?

0

2. What will be the molarity of a solution obtained by mixing 750 mL of 0.5 M HCl with
250 mL of 2 M HCl ?
3. What will be the mole fraction of the solute in 1 molal aqueous solution ?
4. Define:
(a) Raoult’s law for a solution of two volatile liquids
(b) Osmotic pressure
5. How is a colligative property of a solution related with the molar mass of non-volatile
solute ? Which colligative property do you expect should be used to calculate the molar
mass of a polymer ?
UNITIII:ELECTROCHEMISTRY
I-Multiple Choice Questions:
1.The difference between the electrode potentials of two electrodes when no current is
drawn from the cell is called:
(a) Cell potential (b) Cell E.M.F. (c) Potential difference (d) Cell voltage
2. Which of the following statement is not correct about an inert electrode in a cell?
(a) It does not participate in the cell reaction.
(b) It provide surface either for oxidation or for reduction reaction.
(c) It provides surface for conduction of electrons. (d) It provides surface for redox
reaction.
3. The cell constant of a conductivity cell:
(a) changes with change of electrolyte. (b) changes with change of
concentration of electrolyte.
(c) changes with temperature of electrolyte.(d) remains constant for a cell.
4.Molar conductivity of ionic solution depends on :
(a) temperature(b) distance between electrodes.
(c) concentration of electrolytes in a solution.(d) surface area of electrodes.
II-Assertion and Reason Type Questions:
In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is
given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation
for assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement
1. Assertion: Cu is less reactive than hydrogen.
Reason: E is negative.
0 Cu2+ / Cu

2.Assertion: E should have a positive value for the cell to function.

cell

Reason: E is lesser than E

cathode anode.

3.Assertion: Conductivity of all electrolytes decreases on dilution.

Reason: On dilution number of ions per unit volume decreases.
4.Assertion : For measuring resistance of an ionic solution AC source is used.
Reason: Concentration of ionic solution will change if DC source is used.
III-Case based Questions:
1.Read the given passage and answer the questions based on passage and related
studied concepts.
Observe the graph shown in figure between Λm (molar conductivity) Vs C (Molar
concentration) and answer the questions based on graph.
(a) The curve ‘Y’ is for KCl or CH COOH? (b) What is intercept on Λ axis for ‘X’ equal to?
3 m

(c) Give mathematical equation representing straight line. (d) What is slope equal to?
II.Read the given passage and answer the questions based on passage and related
studied concepts.
Observe the following table in which conductivity and molar conductivity of NaCl at 298
K at different concentration for different electrolytes is given. Answer the questions
based in the table that follows:
Conductivities and molar conductivities of NaCl at 298 K at different concentrations.

(a) What happens to conductivity on dilution and why?

(b) Why is Λ° (limiting molar conductivity) for HCl more than NaCl?
m

IV-Subjective Questions:
1.Conductivity of 0.00241 M acetic acid is 7.896 x10 S cm . Calculate the molar
-5 1

conductivity. If ꓥ° for acetic acid is 390.5 S cm mol what is its dissociation constant ?
2 -1

2. ꓥ° for NaCl , HCl and NaAc are 126.4,425.9 and 91.0 Scm mol respectively. Calculate
m 2 -1

ꓥ°for HAc.
3.Reduction potential of A, B, C and D are 0.8V, 0.79V, 0.3V and -2.37V respectively.
Arrange these elements in the increasing of their reactivity.
4 .Write the units of : (a) Resistance , (b) Conducatnce , (c) Resistivity, (d) Conductivity,
(e) Molar conductivity.
5. Calulate the E.M.F. of the following cell at 25°C :
Sn|Sn (0.001M)
2+ || H (0.01M)| H (1bar)|Pt(s)
+ 2(g)

UNITIV:CHEMICAL KINETICS
I-Multiple Choice Questions:
1. 75% of a first order reaction was completed in 32 min.. When was 50% of the
reaction completed?
(a) 16 min. (b) 8 min. (c) 4 min. (d) none of these
2. The rate constant for a first order reaction, A ꓥ Products, is 60 x 10 s . Its rate at -4 -1

[A] = 0.01 mol L would be:

-1

(a) 60 x 10 mol L min

-4 -1 (b) 36 x 10 mol L min
-1 -4 -1 -1

(c) 60 x 10 mol L min

-2 -1 (d) 36 x 10 mol L min
-1 -1 -1 -1

3 . If the rate of a gaseous reaction is independent of pressure, the order of the reaction
is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
4. In a chemical reaction two reactants take part. The rate of reaction is directly
proportional to the concentration of one and inversely proportional to the
concentration of the other. The order of the reaction is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
II-Assertion and Reason Type Questions:
In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is
given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation
for assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement
1. Assertion: Order of the reaction can be zero or fractional.
Reason: We cannot determine order from balanced chemical equation
2. Assertion: Order and molecularity are same.
Reason: Order is determine experimentally and molecularity is the sum of the
stoichiometric coefficient of rate determining elementary step.
3. Assertion: For zero order reactions the units of rate constant and rate is same.
Reason: Zero order reactions do not depend on concentration of reactant.
4 .Assertion : The rate of reaction does not remain constant throughout.
Reason : Rate of reaction depends upon concentration of reactants which keep on
decreasing.

III-Case based Question:

I.Observe the following graphs and answer the questions based on these graphs.

0
(a) What is order of reaction shown in graph I?(b) What is slope in graph II?
(c) How does t varies with initial concentration in zero order reaction.
1/2

(d) If t of first order reaction is 40 minute, what will be t for first order reaction?
1/2 99.9%

(e) What is t of zero order reaction in terms of ‘k’?

1/2

II. Observe the table given showing volume of CO obtained by reaction of CaCO and
2 3

dilute HCl after every minute. Answer the questions that follow:
Table showing volume of CO at one minute interval by reaction of CaCO with dilute HCl.
2 3

(a) What happens to rate of reaction with time?

(b) Why does CaCO powder react faster than marble chips?
3

(c) What happens to rate of reaction if concentrated HCl is used?

(d) In manufacture of N + 3H ⇄ 2NH + heat. What is effect of pressure on rate of
2(g) 2(g) 3

reaction?
(e) Why does rate of reaction becomes almost double for energy 10° rise in
temperature?
IV-Subjective Type Questions:
1. Differentiate between :
(a) Average rate and instantaneous rate (b)
Elementary and complex reactions
2 . The reaction rate increases 4 times on doubling the concentration of A and increases
9 times on increasing the concentration of A three times. Write the rate equation.
3 . The rate constant of a reaction with respect to A is 6 min. . If we start with [A] = 0.8
-1

mol L when would it reach the value of 0.08 mol L .

-1 -1

4 .For the reaction M ⇄ N , the rate of disappearance of M increases by a factor of 8

upon doubling the concentration of M . Find out the order of reaction with respect to M
.
5. The reaction, A + 2B⇄ C, obeys the rate equation, rate = k [A] [B] . What is the order
1/2 3/2

of the reaction?

UNIT V :SURFACE CHEMISTRY

I-Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Which of the following will show Tyndall effect?
(a) Aqueous solution of soap below critical micelle concentration
(b) Aqueous solution of soap above critical micelle concentration
(c) Aqueous solution of sodium chloride
(d) Aqueous solution of sugar
2. Extent of adsorption of adsorbate from solution phase increases with………
(a) increase in amount of adsorbate in solution(b) decrease in surface area of adsorbent
(c) increase in temperature of solution(d) decrease in amount of adsorbate in solution
3.Which of the following process does not occur at the interface of phases?
(a) Crystallisation(b) Heterogeneous catalysis
(c) Homogeneous catalysis(d) Corrosion
4. Peptization is a process of
(a) precipitation of colloidal particles.(b) purification of colloids.
(c) dispersing precipitate into colloidal solution.(d) movement of colloidal particles in
the electric field
II-Assertion and Reason Type Questions:
1. Assertion (A) Colloidal solutions show colligative properties.
Reason (R) Colloidal particles are large in size.
2.Assertion (A) Colloidal solutions do not show Brownian motion.
Reason (R) Brownian motion is responsible for stability of sols.
3. Assertion (A) Coagulation power of Al3+ is more than Na+
.Reason (R) Greater the valency of the flocculating ion added, greater is its power to
cause precipitation (Hardy-Schulze rule)
4. Assertion(A) An ordinary filter paper impregnated with collodion solution stops
the flow of colloidal particles.
Reason(R) Pore size of the filter paper becomes more than the size of colloidal particle
III-Case based Question:
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow
1.Catalysis play very important role in industrial processes. In contact process, V2O5 is
used as heterogeneous catalysis, where as H+ ions are used as homogenous catalyst in
hydrolysis of ester. Activity of catalyst means how many times it increases the rate of
reaction. Selectivity means different catalysts give different products with same
reactants under different conditions. Enzymes are biological catalyst which catalyse
specific biochemical reactions by lowering down activation energy. Shape selective
catalyst ZSM-5 converts alcohol into gasoline. Glucose forms true solution in water
given to patients. Suspension is heterogeneous, particles can be separated by filtration.
Medicines are more effective in colloidal form. Lyophilic sols are more stable than
lyophobic sols which need protective colloids like starch, gelatin. Sky is blue in colour
due to Tyndall effect. Brownian movement is responsible for stability of colloids.
Electric chimney in kitchen and industries is based on electrophoresis. Lyophobic sols
are coagulated by electrolyte. Greater the charge on ion, more effective it will be for
coagulation, is Hardy Schulze Rule.
(a)Hardening of lather is done by tannin. What is this process called?
(b) Which property of catalyst depends upon the strength of chemisorption to large
extent?
(c) Out of MgCl , K SO , K [Fe(CN) ], which is most effective to coagulate AgI/Ag+ sol.
2 2 4 4 6

(d) What is charge on colloidal solution of haemoglobin?

(e) Name the protective colloid used in ice cream.
2. Surface chemistry deals with phenomenon that occur at the surfaces.
Corrosion, electrode processes, heterogeneous catalysis, dissociation and
crystallisation occur at the surface. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon. Adsorption
takes place at the surface. Easily liquefiable gas are more easily adsorbed on the surface
of catalyst. Gas mass contain activated charcoal to adsorb poisonous gases.
(a)Out of H , N , CO and NH ,which gas will absorb to maximum extent and why ?
2 2 3

(b)Why is adsorption is always exothermic ?

(c)Discuss any two application of coagulation .
(d)Discuss stability of colloidal sol.

IV-Subjective Questions:
1 . Why is chemisorptions referred to as activated adsorption ?
2. What type of solutions are formed on dissolving different concentrations of soap in
water?
3.How does it become possible to cause artificial rain by spraying silver iodide on
the clouds?
4. Why do we add alum to purify water?
5. Explain what is observed when
(i) an electric current is passed through a sol.
(ii) a beam of light is passed through a sol.
(iii) an electrolyte (say NaCl) is added to ferric hydroxide sol.
UNIT VI :p- BLOCK ELEMENTS
I-Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Which of the following pairs of ions are isoelectronic and isostructural?
Maximum covalency of nitrogen is ______________.
(i) 3(ii) 5(iii) 4(iv) 6
2. In the preparation of compounds of Xe, Bartlett had taken O Pt F as a base
2+ 6–
 compound. This is because
(i) both O and Xe have same size.(ii) both O and Xe have same electron gain enthalpy.
2 2

(iii) both O and Xe have almost same ionisation enthalpy.

2

3. Which of the following statements is wrong?

(i) Single N–N bond is stronger than the single P–P bond.
(ii) PH can act as a ligand in the formation of coordination compound with transition
3

elements.
(iii) NO is paramagnetic in nature.(iv) Covalency of nitrogen N O is 4.
2 2 5

4 A brown ring is formed in the ring test for NO ion. It is due to the formation of
3–

(i) [Fe(H O) (NO)] ( ii) FeSO .NO (iii) [Fe(H O) (NO) ] (iv) FeSO .HNO
2 5 2+ 4 2 2 4 2 2+ 4 3

II-Assertion and Reason Type Questions:

1.Assertion : N is less reactive than P .
2 4

Reason : Nitrogen has more electron gain enthalpy than phosphorus.

2.Assertion : HI cannot be prepared by the reaction of KI with concentrated H SO 2 4

Reason : HI has lowest H–X bond strength among halogen acids.

3.Assertion : Both rhombic and monoclinic sulphur exist as S but oxygen exists as O . 8 2

Reason : Oxygen forms pπ – pπ multiple bond due to small size and small bond length
but pπ – pπ
bonding is not possible in sulphur.
4. Assertion : SF cannot be hydrolysed but SF can be.
6 4

Reason : Six F atoms in SF prevent the attack of H O on sulphur atom of SF .

6 2 6

III-Case based Questions:

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
1.Group 16 elements are called chalcogens because most of the ores are oxides and
sulphides. Oxygen
is gas where as other elements of group 16 are solids. Oxygen shows anomalous
behavior. Oxygen is
diatomic where is sulphur exists as S . 8

(a) Name the most abundant element in the earth crust.

(b) A gas ‘X’ is obtained from roasting of sulphide ore. It turns lime water milky. Identify
the gas and write the chemical reaction involved.
(c) What happens when SO gas is reacted with O in presence of V O5 at 770K
2 2 2

temperature and high pressure? Write the chemical reaction involved?

(d) What happens when SO is passed through sulphuric acid? Write chemical equation
3

for the reaction?

(e) Why is SO not directly absorbed in water to get sulphuric acid?
2. Group 18 elements are called noble gases and not inert gases because compounds of
Kr, Xe and Rn have been prepared. Their general electronic configuration is ns2 np6
except He(1s 2 ). They have highest ionisation enthalpy and positive electron gain
enthalpy due to stable electronic configuration. Helium is found in sun and stars. Noble
gases have low boiling points due to weak van der Waals’ forces of attraction. Xenon
forms XeF , XeF , XeF , XeOF , XeO , XeO F , their structures can be drawn on bases of
2 4 6 4 3 2 2

VSEPR theory. Helium is mixed with oxygen by deep sea divers to avoid pain. Neon is
used incoloured advertising lights. Argon is used in bulbs as inert gas. Kr and Xe are
used in high efficiency lamps, head light of cars. Radon is radioactive formed by a-decay
of Radium 226 88Ra Argon is most abundant (0.9%) noble gas in atmosphere.
(a) How does boiling points of noble gases vary down the group?
(b) Which noble gas has highest ionisation enthalpy and why?
(c) Which was first noble gas compound prepared by Neil Bartlett?
(d) Draw the shapes of (i) XeF (ii) XeOF2 4

IV-Subjective Questions:
1.Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction showing catalytic oxidation of
NH by atmospheric
3

oxygen.
2.PH forms bubbles when passed slowly in water but NH dissolves. Explain why?
3 3

3. Why is nitric oxide paramagnetic in gaseous state but the solid obtained on cooling it
is diamagnetic?
4 .Give reason to explain why ClF exists but FCl does not exist.
3 3

5. Out of H O and H S, which one has higher bond angle and why?
2 2

UNIT VII :d AND f BLOCK ELEMENTS

I-Multiple Choice Questions:
1.The electronic configuration of Cu(II) is 3d whereas that of Cu(I) is 3d . Which of the
9 10

following is correct?
(i) Cu(II) is more stable(ii) Cu(II) is less stable
(iii) Cu(I) and Cu(II) are equally stable
(iv) Stability of Cu(I) and Cu(II) depends on nature of copper salts
2. Generally transition elements form coloured salts due to the presence of unpaired
electrons. Which of the following compounds will be coloured in solid state?
(i) Ag SO (ii) CuF (iii) ZnF (iv)Cu Cl
2 4 2 2 2

3. Which of the following reactions are dispro-portionation reactions?

(a) (i), (ii)(b) (i), (ii), (iii)(c) (ii), (iii),(iv) (d) (i), (iv)

4. The correct order of decreasing second ionisation enthalpy of Ti(22), V(23), Cr(24)
Mn(25)
(a) V > Mn > Cr > Ti(b) Mn > Cr > Ti > V
(c) Ti > V > Cr > Mn(d) Cr > Mn > V > Ti

II-Assertion and Reason Type Questions:

In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of
reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(i) Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(ii) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
(iii) Assertion is not true but reason is true.
(iv) Both assertion and reason are false.
1. Assertion : Cu iodide is not known.
2+

Reason : Cu oxidises I– to iodine.

2+
2.Assertion : Separation of Zr and Hf is difficult.
Reason : Because Zr and Hf lie in the same group of the periodic table.
3.Assertion : The highest oxidation state of osmium is +8.
Reason : Osmium is a 5d-block element
4.Assertion : Actinides form relatively less stable complexes as compared to
lanthanoids.
Reason : Actinides can utilise their 5f orbitals along with 6d orbitals in bonding but
lanthanoids do not use their 4f orbital for bonding.
III-Case based Question:
1. Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow: The d-block of the
periodic table contains the elements of the groups 3 to 12 and are known as
transition elements. In general, the electronic configuration of these elements is
(n – 1)d1 – 10 ns1 – 2. The d-orbitals of the penultimate energy level in their
atoms receive electrons giving rise to the three rows of the transition metals i.e.
3d, 4d and 5d series. However Zn, Cd and Hg are not regarded as transition
elements. Transition elements exhibit certain characteristic properties like
variable oxidation stables, complex formation, formation of coloured ions, alloys,
catalytic activity etc. Transition metals are hard (except Zn, Cd and Hg) and have a
high melting point.
a. Why are Zn, Cd and Hg non-transition elements?
b. Which transition metal of 3d series does not show variable oxidation
state?
c. Why do transition metals and their compounds show catalytic activity?
d. Why are melting points of transition metals high?
e. Why is Cu2+ ion coloured while Zn2+ ion is colourless in aqueous
solution?

1. Observe the graph of transition metal and their melting points and answer the
questions based on the graph and related concepts.

a. Why does W (tungsten) has highest melting point?

b. Which element in 3d series has lowest enthalpy of atomisation and why?
c. Why is mercury liquid?
d. Why are transition metals less electropositive than ‘s’-block elements?
e. How does density vary from left to right in 3d series and why?
IV- Subjective Questions:
1. What is Lanthanoid contraction? What are its two consequences?
2. Explain the following :
(a) The enthalpies of atomization of transition metals are quite high.
(b) The transition metals and many of their compounds act as good catalysts.
 3. Assign reasons for each of the following :
(i) Transition metals generally form coloured compounds.
(ii) Manganese exhibits the highest oxidation state of +7 among the 3d series of
transition elements.
4. Explain the following observations :
(i) Copper atom has completely filled d orbitals (3d ) in its ground state, yet it is 10

regarded as a transition element.

(ii) Cr is a stronger reducing agent than Fe in aqueous solutions.
2+ 2+

5. How would you account for the following?

(i) With the same d-orbital configuration (d ) Cr is a reducing agent while 4 2+

Mn is an oxidizing agent.
3+

(ii) The actinoids exhibit a larger number of oxidation states than the
corresponding members in the lanthanoid series.
(iii) Most of the transition metal ions exhibit characteristic in colours in aqueous
solutions.
UNIT VIII:CORDINATION COMPOUNDS
I-Multiple Choice Questions:
1. When 1 mol CrCl ⇄6H O is treated with excess of AgNO , 3 mol of AgCl are obtained.
3 2 3

The formula of
the complex is :
(i) [CrCl (H O) ]⇄3H O(ii) [CrCl (H O) ]Cl⇄2H O
3 2 3 2 2 2 4 2

(iii) [CrCl(H O) ]Cl ⇄H O(iv) [Cr(H O) ]Cl

2 5 2 2 2 6 3

2. The correct IUPAC name of [Pt(NH ) Cl ] is 3 2 2

(i) Diamminedichloridoplatinum (II) (ii) Diamminedichloridoplatinum (IV)

(iii) Diamminedichloridoplatinum (0) (iv) Dichloridodiammineplatinum (IV)
3.Due to the presence of ambidentate ligands coordination compounds show
isomerism. Palladium
complexes of the type [Pd(C H ) (SCN) ] and [Pd(C H ) (NCS) ] are
6 5 2 2 6 5 2 2

(i) linkage isomers(ii) coordination isomers(iii) ionisation isomer(iv) geometrical

isomers
4.What kind of isomerism exists between [Cr(H O) ]Cl (violet) and [Cr(H O) Cl]Cl ⇄H O 2 6 3 2 5 2 2

(greyish-green)?
(i)linkage isomerism(ii) solvate isomerism(iii)ionisation isomerism(iv) coordination
isomerism
II-Assertion and Reason Type Questions:
In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason
is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(i) Assertion and reason both are true, reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are true but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
(iii) Assertion is true, reason is false.
(iv) Assertion is false, reason is true.
1.Assertion : [Cr(H O) ]Cl and [Fe(H O) ]Cl are reducing in nature.
2 6 2 2 6 2

Reason : Unpaired electrons are present in their d-orbitals.

2.Assertion : Linkage isomerism arises in coordination compounds containing
ambidentate ligand.
Reason : Ambidentate ligand has two different donor atoms.
 3.Assertion : ([Fe(CN) ] ion shows magnetic moment corresponding to two
6 3-

unpaired electrons.
Reason : Because it has d sp type hybridisation.
2 3

4.Assertion : Toxic metal ions are removed by the chelating ligands.

Reason : Chelate complexes tend to be more stable.
III-Case Based Question:
1.Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
Complex compounds play an important role in our daily life. Werner’s theory of
complex compounds says every metal atom or ion has primary valency (oxidation
state) which is satisfied by –vely charged ions, ionisable where secondary valency
(coordination number) is non-ionisable, satisfied by ligands (+ve, –ve, neutral) but
having lone pair. Primary valency is non-directional, secondary valency is directional.
Complex compounds are name according to IUPAC system. Valence bond theory helps
in determining shapes of complexes based on hybridisation, magnetic properties, outer
or inner orbital complex. Complex show ionisation, linkage, solvate and coordination
isomerism also called structural isomerism. Some of them also show stereoisomerism
i.e. geometrical and optical isomerism. Ambidentate ligand are essential to show
linkage isomerism. Polydentate ligands form more stable complexes then unidentate
ligands. There are called chelating agents. EDTA is used to treat lead poisoning, cis-
platin as anticancer agents. Vitamin B12 is complex of cobalt. Haemoglobin, oxygen
carrier is complex of Fe2+ and chlorophyll essential for photosynthesis is complex of
Mg2+.
(a)What is the oxidation state of Ni in [Ni(CO)4]?
(b)One mole of CrCl3 . 6H2O reacts with excess of AgNO3 to yield 2 mole of AgCl. Write
formula of complex. Write IUPAC name also.
(c) Out Cis – [Pt(en)2 Cl2] 2+ and trans (Pt(en)2 Cl2) 2+ which one shows optical
isomerism?
(d) Name the hexadentate ligand used for treatment of lead poisoning.
(e) What is hybridisation of [CoF6] 3–? [Co = 27] Give its shape and magnetic
properties.
(f) Out [Fe(CO)5], [Fe(C2O4)3] 3–, [Fe(H2O)6] 3+, [Fe(CN)6] 3–, which is most stable?
(g) What type of isomerism is shown by [Cr(H2O)6] Cl3 and [Cr(H2O)5 Cl] Cl2 . H2O?
2. Observe the diagram of splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral field and answer the
questions based on the diagrams and related studied concepts.

(a)What is crystal field splitting energy?

(b)Why dx2–y2, dz2 have higher energy than dxy, dyz, dzx orbitals in octahedral
crystal field?
(c)What is relationship between (CFSE) Δ0 and strength of ligand?
(d) What is electronic configuration of d5 ion if Δ0 < P?
(e) What is spectrochemical series?
 IV-Subjective Questions:
1. CuSO .5H O is blue in colour while CuSO is colourless. Why?
4 2 4

2. Give the electronic configuration of the following complexes on the basis of

Crystal Field Splitting theory.
[CoF ] , [Fe(CN) ] and [Cu(NH ) ] .
6 3- 6 4- 3 6 2+

3. Why are low spin tetrahedral complexes not formed?

4. Explain why [Co(NH ) ] is an inner orbital complex whereas [Ni(NH ) ] is an
3 6 3+ 3 6 2+

outer orbital complex. (At. no. Co = 27, Ni = 28)

5. When a co-ordination compound CrCl .6H O is mixed with AgNO , 2 moles of
3 2 3

AgCl are precipitated per mole of the compound. Write

(i) Structural formula of the complex.
(ii) IUPAC name of the complex.
UNIT IX : HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES
I- Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Fitting reaction can be used to prepare
(a) Toluene (b) Acetophenon (c) Diphenyl (d) Chlorobenzene
2. Toluene reacts with a halogen in the presence of iron (III) chloride giving ortho
and para halo
compounds. The reaction is
(i) Electrophilic elimination reaction(ii) Electrophilic substitution reaction
(iii) Free radical addition reaction (iv) Nucleophilic substitution
reaction
3. Which of the following is an example of vic-dihalide?
(i) Dichloromethane (ii) 1,2-dichloroethane(iii) Ethylidene
chloride(iv)Allylchloride
4. The position of –Br in the compound in CH CH == CHC (Br)(CH ) can be classified
3 3 2

as
(i) Allyl (ii) Aryl (iii) Vinyl (iv) Secondary
II- Assertion and Reason Type Questions:
1. Assertion : Phosphorus chlorides (tri and penta) are preferred over thionyl
chloride for the preparation of alkyl chlorides from alcohols.
Reason : Phosphorus chlorides give pure alkyl halides.
2. Assertion : KCN reacts with methyl chloride to give methyl isocyanide
Reason : CN is an ambident nucleophile.
–

3. Assertion : tert-Butyl bromide undergoes Wurtz reaction to give 2, 2, 3, 3-

tetramethylbutane.
Reason : In Wurtz reaction, alkyl halides react with sodium in dry ether to give
hydrocarbon containing double the number of carbon atoms present in the
halide
4. Assertion : It is difficult to replace chlorine by –OH in chlorobenzene in
comparison to that in chloroethane.
Reason : Chlorine-carbon (C—Cl) bond in chlorobenzene has a partial double
bond character due to resonance.
II-Case based Question:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
1. The substitution reaction of alkyl halides occurs in SN or SN mechanism whatever
1 2

mechanism alkyl halide follow for substitution reaction to occur, the polarity of the
carbon-halogen bond is responsible for the substitution reaction. The rate of SN 1

reactions are governed by the stability of carbocation where as for SN reactions steric
2
factor is the deciding factor. If the starting material is a chiral compound, we may end
up with an inverted product or racemic mixture depending upon the type of mechanism
followed by alkyl halide. Cleavage of ethers with HI is also governed by steric factor and
stability of carbocation which indicates that in organic chemistry, these two major
factors help us in deciding the kind of product formed.
(a )Predict the stereochemistry of the product formed if optically active alkyl halide
undergoes substitution reaction by SN1 mechanism.
(b) Name the instrument used for measuring the angle by which the plane polarised
light is rotated.
(c) Predict the major product formed when 2-bromopentane reacts with alcoholic
KOH.
(d) Write the structure of the products formed when anisole is treated with
HI.
(e) Write the structure of product formed when ethoxy benzene is treated with HI

2. Haloalkanes are colourless (when pure), sweet smelling liquids. CH Cl, CH Br and
3 3

C H Cl and freons are gases. Boiling point increases with increase in molecular weight
2 5

and increase in carbon chain and decreases with branching. They are insoluble in water
due to inability to form H-bonds with water. Dipole moment increases with polarity,
density increases with increase in molar mass. They are non-inflammable, therefore,
CCl is used as fire extinguisher under the name pyrene. p-dichloro benzene has zero
4

dipole moment, higher melting point than o-dichloro benzene due to symmetry, fits into
crystal lattice readily. Haloalkanes undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction by SN2
mechanism, 1° > 2° > 3°, SN1 if carbocation formed is stable. They also undergo
nucleophilic elimination reactions with alcoholic KOH. Haloarenes are less reactive than
haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution due to resonance. Haloarenes undergo
electrophilic substitution reaction like nitration, sulphonation, Friedel Crafts alkylation,
acylation. Chloroform is used as solvent, Freon is used as refrigerant, dichloromethane
is used as paint remover. Iodoform is used as antiseptic. DDT is insecticide but
nonbiodegradable.
(a) Arrange R—F, R—Br, R—I, R—Cl in increasing order of boiling
point.
(b) A hydrocarbon ‘A’ (C5H10) gives only one monochloro product on photo
chlorination. Identity ‘A’.
(c) Out of CH2==CH—CH2Cl and CH3CH2CH2Cl which one undergoes SN1 mechanism
faster?
(d) Why is chloroform stored in dark coloured
bottles?
(e) What is use of fully fluorinated organic
compounds?
(f) Name the chlorine containing drug used in treatment of coronavirus and malaria.
III- Subjective Questions:
1. Out of o-and p-dibromobenzene which one has higher melting point and why?
2. Which of the compounds will react faster in S 1 reaction with the OH ion?
N –

3. Discuss the role of Lewis acids in the preparation of aryl bromides and chlorides
in the dark.
 4. Draw other resonance structures chlorobenzene and find out whether the
functional group present in the molecule is ortho, para directing or meta
directing.
5. Why is it necessary to avoid even traces of moisture during the use of a Grignard
reagent?

UNIT X: ALCOHOLS , PHENOLS AND ETHERS

I-Multiple Choice Questions:

1.The correct order of boiling point of primary (1°), secondary (2°) and
tertiary (3°) alcohols is
(a) 1° > 2° > 3°(b) 3° > 2° > 1°(c) 2° > 1° > 3°(d) 2° > 3° > 1°
2.Which compound is predominantly formed when phenol is allowed to react
with bromine in aqueous medium?
(a) Picric acid(b) O-Bromophenol(c) 2, 4, 6-Tribromophenol(d) p-Bromophenol
3.Phenols are more acidic than alcohols because
(a) Phenoxide ion is stablised by resonance.(b) Phenols are more soluble in polar
solvents.
(c) Phenoxide ion does not exhibit resonance. (d) Alcohols do not lose H atoms at all..
4. Identify Z in the series

II-Assertion and Reason Type Questions:

In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is
given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not
correct explanation of assertion.
1. Assertion : : Boiling points of alcohols and ethers are high.
Reason : They can form intermolecular hydrogen-bonding.
2. Assertion :: Phenol forms 2, 4, 6 – tribromophenol on treatment with Br in carbon
2

disulphide at 273K.
Reason : Bromine polarises in carbon disulphide.
3. Assertion : Phenols give o- and p-nitrophenol on nitration with conc. HNO and
3

H SO mixture.
2 4

Reason : —OH group in phenol is o–, p– directing.

4. Assertion: IUPAC name of the compound

is 2-Ethoxy-2-methylethane.
Reason: In IUPAC nomenclature, ether is regarded as hydrocarbon derivative in which
a hydrogen atom is replaced by —OR or —OAr group [where R = alkyl group and Ar =
aryl group]
II-Case based Question:
1. Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow: Alcohols and
phenols are most important compounds used in our daily life. Alcohols are
prepared by hydration of alkenes, fermentation of glucose, reduction of
aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters. Alcohols are soluble in water.
Boiling points increase with increase in molar mass and decrease with
branching. Alcohols on dehydration gives alkene at 443K, follow carbocation
mechanism. Excess of alcohol at 413K on dehydration with conc. H2SO4 also
follow carbocation mechanism but gives diethyl ether. Alcohols undergo
nucleophilic substitution reactions, esterification with carboxylic acids and
derivatives like amides, acid halides, acid anhydride. Phenol is prepared from
cumene, diazonium salts, anisole, chlorobenzene. Phenol is used to prepare
salicylaldehyde, salicylic acid, aspirin, methyl salicylate, p-benzoquinone. Phenol
undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction at o & p-position. Ethers are
functional isomers of alcohols, have low boiling points. Ethers are used as
solvents. Unsymmetrical ethers are prepared by Williamson synthesis. Ethers
react with HI and undergo SN1 or SN2 mechanism depending upon stability of
carbocation formed. Aromatic ethers like anisole undergoes electrophilic
substitution at o & p-position.
(a) Write IUPAC name of CH3—C—CH2CH3 OH CH3 ?
(b) Out of tert, butyl alcohol and n-butanol, which will undergo dehydration
faster and why?
(c) Convert phenol to p-benzoquinone
(d) Why is C—OH bond length in CH3OH longer than C—OH bond length in
phenol?
2.Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
Alcohols play very important role in our daily life. Ordinary sprit used as an
antiseptic contains methanol. Ethanol is present in cough syrups, tonics, wine, beer
andwhisky, Sugar, starch,cellulose are carbohydrates which also contain large number
—OH groups. Phenol is also an antiseptic in low concentration (0.2%) where as 2%
solution of phenol is used as disinfectant. The fragrance of rose is due to citronellol
(unsaturated alcohol). Phenol is used for preparation of many useful compounds like
aspirin, methyl salicylate (Iodex) and phenyl salicylate (salol) used as intestinal
antiseptic.
a. How is phenol prepared from cumene? What is advantage of this method?
b. How is phenol converted into salicylic acid?
c. Convert phenol to picric acid.
d. Distinguish between phenol and benzyl alcohol?
e. Why does phenol turn pink after long standing?

IV-Subjective Questions:
1.Write the IUPAC name of the compound given below

2.What happens when benzene diazonium chloride is heated with water?

 3.Explain why nucleophilic substitution reactions are not very common in phenols.
4.Preparation of alcohols from alkenes involves the electrophilic attack on alkene
carbon atom. Explain its mechanism.
5.Ethers can be prepared by Williamson synthesis in which an alkyl halide is reacted
with sodium alkoxide. Di-tert-butyl ether can’t be prepared by this method. Explain.
UNIT XI: ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
I-Multiple Choice Questions:
1. The correct order of increasing acidic strength is _____________.
(i) Phenol < Ethanol < Chloroacetic acid < Acetic acid
(ii) Ethanol < Phenol < Chloroacetic acid < Acetic acid
(iii) Ethanol < Phenol < Acetic acid < Chloroacetic acid
(iv) Chloroacetic acid < Acetic acid < Phenol < Ethanol

2. Cannizzaro’s reaction is not given by _____________.

3. Compounds A and C in the following reaction are __________.

(i) identical (ii) positional isomers (iii) functional isomers (iv) optical isomers
4. In Clemmensen Reduction carbonyl compound is treated with _____________.
(i) Zinc amalgam + HCl (ii) Sodium amalgam + HCl
(iii) Zinc amalgam + nitric acid (iv) Sodium amalgam + HNO 3

II- Assertion and Reason Type Questions:

In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of
reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of
assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation of assertion.
1.Assertion : Formaldehyde is a planar molecule.
Reason : It contains sp hybridised carbon atom.
2

2. Assertion : Compounds containing —CHO group are easily oxidised to

corresponding carboxylic acids.
Reason : Carboxylic acids can be reduced to alcohols by treatment with LiAlH 4.
 3. Assertion : The α-hydrogen atom in carbonyl compounds is less acidic.
Reason : The anion formed after the loss of α-hydrogen atom is resonance
stabilised.
4. Assertion : Aldehydes and ketones, both react with Tollen’s reagent to form
silver mirror.
Reason : Both, aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group.
III-Case based Questions:
1.Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow. Aldehydes, Ketones,
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are collectively called carboxyl compounds
which are widely spread both in plants and animal kingdom. They play an important
role in biological processes. They are responsible for fragrance and flavour of
naturally occurring compounds e.g., Vanilline (from vanilla beans), salicylaldehyde
(from meadowsweet), cinnamaldehyde (from cinnamon) and isoamyl acetate (from
banana) have pleasant flavour. Acetone and acetic acid are widely used as solvents.
Various carboxylic acids are used to prepare drugs (Analgesics, antipyretics etc.).
(a)Convert benzaldehyde to Cinnamaldehyde?

(b) What is IUPAC name of (Vanillin)?

(c) What happens when 2 moles of acetone are condensed in presence of Ba(OH)2?
Write chemical
equation.
(d) What happens when acetic acid is heated with P2O5?
2.Study the table in whick pka value of various compounds is given. Answer the
questions based on table and relatedstudied concepts.
Sl.no. Compounds pka Sl.no.. Compounds Pka.
1. Acetic acid 4.76 7. Benzoic acid 4.19
2. HCOOH 3.75 8. p-Toluic acid 4.38
3. CH CH COOH 4.38 9.
3 2 Salicylic acid 2.98
4. Cl CH COOH
2 2.87 10. p-nitro benzoic acid 3.44
5. F CH COOH
2 2.59 11. p-methoxy benzoic acid0 4.88
6. CH =CHCOOH 4.30 12.
2 p-chloro benzoic acid 3.99
- 13. p-hydroxy benzoic acid 4.58
(a)0 Why is HCOOH 0stronger than CH3COOH?
(b) Why is p-hydroxy benzoic acid more acidic than p-methoxy benzoic acid?
(c) Why is salicylic acid stronger than benzoic acid?
(d) What happens when salicylic acid is heated with zinc dust?
(e) Give one use of salicylic acid.
III-Subjective Questions:
1. An alkene ‘A’ (Mol. formula C H ) on ozonolysis gives a mixture of two compounds ‘B’
5 10

and ‘C’.Compound ‘B’ givepositive Fehling’s test and also forms iodoform on treatment
with I and NaOH. Compound ‘C’ does not give Fehling’s test but forms iodoform.
2

Identify the compounds A, B and C. Write the reaction for ozonolysis and formation of
iodoform from B and C.
2.Write a test to differentiate between pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one.
3.Why are carboxylic acids more acidic than alcohols or phenols although all of them
have hydrogenatom attached to aoxygen atom (—O—H)
4.Complete the following reaction sequence.
 5.Arrange the following in decreasing order of their acidic strength and give reason
for your answer CH CH OH, CH COOH, ClCH COOH, FCH COOH, C H CH COOH
3 2 3 2 2 6 5 2

UNIT XII : AMINES

I-Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Which of the following is a 3° amine?
(i) 1-methylcyclohexylamine (ii) Triethylamine (iii) tert-butylamine (iv)
N-methylaniline
2. Benzylamine may be alkylated as shown in the following equation :
6C H CH NH + R—X ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯C H CH NHR
5 2 2 6 5 2

Which of the following alkylhalides is best suited for this reaction through S 1 N

mechanism?
(i) CH Br(ii) C H Br(iii) C H CH Br(iv) C H Br
3 6 5 6 5 2 2 5

3. The best reagent for converting 2-phenylpropanamine into 2–

phenylpropanamide is _____.
(i) excess H (ii) Br in aqueous NaOH
2 2

(iii) iodine in the presence of red phosphorus(iv) LiAlH in ether 4

4. The correct increasing order of basic strength for the following compounds is
_________.

(i) II < III < I(ii) III < I < II(iii) III < II < I(iv) II < I < III
II-Assertion and Reason Type Questions:
In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason
is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(i) Both assertion and reason are wrong.
(ii) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not
correct explanation of assertion.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Both assertion and reason are correct statements and reason is
correct explanation of assertion.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
1.Assertion : Hoffmann’s bromamide reaction is given by primary amines.
Reason : Primary amines are more basic than secondary amines.
2.Assertion : Acylation of amines gives a monosubstituted product
whereas alkylation of amines
Gives polysubstituted product.
Reason : Acyl group sterically hinders the approach of further acyl groups.
3. Assertion : Only a small amount of HCl is required in the reduction of nitro
compounds with iron
scrap and HCl in thepresence of steam.
Reason : FeCl formed gets hydrolysed to release HCl during the reaction.
2
 4. Assertion : Aromatic 1° amines can be prepared by Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis.
Reason : Aryl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution with anion formed by
phthalimide.
III- Case based Question:
1. Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow. Amines are
classified as primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Primary amines cannot be
obtained by ammonolysis of alkyl halide because we will get mixture of 1°, 2° and
3°amines. Cyanides, on reduction give primary amines where as isocyanides on
reduction give secondary amines. Nitro compounds, on reduction also give primary
amines. Primary amines react with CHCl and KOH to form foul smelling isocyanide.
3

They react with HNO and liberate N gas. They react with Hinsberg’s reagent to form
2 2

salt soluble in KOH. Secondary amine form yellow oily compounds with HNO and salt 2

formed with C H SO Cl, is insoluble in KOH. 3° amines form salt soluble in water with
6 5 2

HNO but does not react with C H SO Cl. Diazonium salts are prepared by reaction of
2 6 5 2

Aniline with NaNO and conc. HCl at 0 – 5 °C. Aromatic diazonium salts are more
2

stable because phenyl diazonium ion is stabilized by resonance. Benzene diazonium

chloride can be used to prepare halo benzene, phenol, nitro benzene, benzene, p-
hydroxy azo benzene (azo dye) and large number of useful compounds.

a. Write the isomer of C H N which does not react with Hinsberg reagent.
3 9

b. , on heating with CHCl and KOH gives ‘X’. Identify ‘X’

3

c. Convert Aniline to phenol.

d. Distinguish between Aniline and ethyl amine.
e. Complete the following reaction. Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’
C H NO +Fe/HCl⎯A HNO ; B
6 5 2 2

f. What is use of quarternary ammonium salts of long chain tertiary amines?

g.C H N Cl+CuCN⎯A +H O/H+ ⎯B Identify A and B.
6 5 2 2

2. Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Organic compounds containing amine as functional group are present in wide variety
of compounds namely amino acids, hormones, neurotransmitters, DNA, alkaloids, dyes
etc. Drugs including nicotine, morphine, codein, heroin etc. which havephysiological
effects on human also contain —NH2 group in one form or another. Amines are basic
in nature due to presenceof lone pair of electron on nitrogen. Adrenaline hormone and
ephedrine drug, both contain second amino group are used for increasing blood
pressure. Novacain, a synthetic compound contains both primary and tertiary amino
group, is used as anaesthetic in dentistry. Benadryl, a widely used antihistamine drug
contains tertiary amino group, Quarternary ammonium salts of long chain, tertiary
amines are used as cationic detergents. Diazonium salts are used fo synthesis of
azodyes and useful aromatic compounds.
a.Write the formula of tertiary amine with molecular formula C H N, which does not
3 9

react with Hinsberg reagent?

b.Convert Aniline to p-hydroxy azo benzene.
c.Give one example of cationic detergent.
d.Give a chemical test to distinguish between ethylamine and aniline.
IV-Subjective Questions:
 1.Predict the reagent or the product in the following reaction sequence.

2.Why is benzene diazonium chloride not stored and is used immediately after its
preparation?
3. A primary amine, RNH can be reacted with CH —X to get secondary amine, R—
2 3

NHCH but the

3

only disadvantage is that 3° amine and quaternary ammonium salts are also
obtained as side
products. Can you suggest a method where RNH forms only 2° amine?
2

4. What is Hinsberg reagent?

5. How will you carry out the following conversion?

UNIT XIII :BIOMOLECULES

I-Multiple Choice Questions:
1. The sugar present in milk is
(a) Sucrose(b) Maltose ( c) Glucose(d) lactose
2. α-D (+) glucose and β-D (+) – glucose are
(a) Enantiomers(b) Geometrical isomers (c) Anomers(d) Epimers
3. Distinction between glucose and fructose can be done by
(a) Benedict’s solution(b) Tollen’s reagent (c) Selivanoff’s reagent(d) Fehling
solution
4. Which does not show mutarotation?
(a) Glucose(b) Maltose (c) Fructose(d) Sucrose
II-Assertion And Reason Type Questions
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of
Reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct statements and reason explain the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are wrong.
( c) Assertion is correct and Reason is wrong.
(d) Assertion is wrong and Reason is correct.
Assertion and Reason both are correct statements but Reason does not explain
Assertion.
1.Assertion (A): All naturally occurring a-amino acids except glycine are optically active.
Reason R : Most naturally occurring amino acids have L-configuration.
2.Assertion (A): Vitamin D can be stored in our body.
Reason R : Vitamin D is fat soluble vitamin.
3. Assertion (A): In presence of enzyme, substrate molecule can be attacked by the
reagent effectively.
Reason (R): Active sites of enzymes hold the substrate molecule in a suitable position.
4. Assertion (A): Glycine must’be taken through diet.
Reason : It is an essential amino acid.
III-Case based Question:
1.Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Living system are made up of complex molecules called Biomolecules. Carbohydrate,
proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, lipids, hormones ATP, DNAandRNA play an
important role in our daily life. Carbohydrates provide us energy. Protein help in
growth and maintenance of body.Nucleic acids, RNA helps in protein synthesis,
DNA helps in transfer of geneticcharacteristics.Fat are source of energy and protect
our vital organs.
a )Why are carbohydrates optically active?
b) Name two acidic amino acids.
c) Name a protein which has quarternary structure
d) What are products of hydrolysis of fats?
2. Readsthe given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Biomolecules are complex molecules which build up living organisms and
required for their growth, maintenance and ability to reproduce. Carbohydrates
are polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones which are major sources of energy.
Monosachharides are simple sugars which cannot be hydrolysed.
Oligosachharide, on hydrolysis give 2 to 10 molecules of monosachharides.
Polysachharides like starch and cellulose on hydrolysis give large number of
molecules of glucose a-glucose and b-glucose (Anomers). Proteins are complex
nitrogeneous polymers of amino acids connected through peptide bonds. The
sequence in which amino acids are linked is called Primary structure. Secondary
structures are of 2 types a-helix in globular proteins and b-pleated structure in
fibrous proteins involving H-bonds. Tertiary structure has H-bonds, disulphide
linkage, ionic bonding and van der Waals’ forces. Insulin is hormone
for metabolism of glucose, has quarternary structure. Denaturation of protein
destroys secondary and tertiary structure, loss of biological activity but
primary structure remaining the same.
a)Name a disachharide which on hydrolysis give glucose and galactose.
b) What tyhpe of protein is albumin?
c) Name one non-reducing sugar.
d) Which one is complementary base of cytosine in one strand of DNA to that in
other strand of DNA?
e What are products of hydrolysis of fats?
IV-Subjective Questions:
1.Write the reactions of D-glucose which cannot be explained by its open-chain
structure. How can cyclic structure of glucose explain these reactions?
2.Describe the term D- and L-configuration used for amino acids with examples.
3.What are glycosidic linkages? In which type of biomolecules are they present?
4.Explain the terms primary and secondary structure of proteins. What is the difference
between α-helix and β-pleated sheet structure of proteins?
5 Why vitamin C is not stored in our body?