Scribd
Upload
161 views11 pages

Flaw Sizing Overview

The document summarizes different non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques including conventional and advanced manual ultrasound testing, time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD), and phased arrays. It notes limitations of each technique and emphasizes that understanding limitations is essential. It also stresses that NDT techniques should complement each other and that operator skill is important.

Uploaded by

nathaniel ekaiko
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
161 views11 pages

Flaw Sizing Overview

The document summarizes different non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques including conventional and advanced manual ultrasound testing, time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD), and phased arrays. It notes limitations of each technique and emphasizes that understanding limitations is essential. It also stresses that NDT techniques should complement each other and that operator skill is important.

Uploaded by

nathaniel ekaiko
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Summary

Presented by Tim Armitt

09/11/2004 Lavender International NDT Ltd : email:


tim@lavender.demon.co.uk
Just another tool
in the toolbox!
„ Understanding limitations is just as
essential as knowing the principles
„ There is no one technique that can answer
all your detection or sizing issues
„ NDT techniques and methods should
complement each other
„ Any technique is only as good as the
operator

09/11/2004 Lavender International NDT Ltd : email:


tim@lavender.demon.co.uk
Conventional Manual UT

„ 6dB drop: not accurate for small measurements


in the direction of beam travel
„ Equal amplitude: basic laminar flaw sizing
method that generally over sizes dimensions
„ 20dB drop: subject to large variations in beam
profile +/- 3 to 4mm typical sizing error
„ Maximum amplitude: has potential to be very
precise but needs resolvable facets from flaws
„ DAC & DGS: both techniques are amplitude
equivalence which do not convey axial
dimensions

09/11/2004 Lavender International NDT Ltd : email:


tim@lavender.demon.co.uk
Advanced Manual UT
„ Bi modal: useful for vertical oriented flaws
in the mid 20 to 80% sectional thickness
„ Tip diffraction: useful for flaws in the 10%
to 80% depth
„ ID creep wave: Approximates flaw depth
throughout the material
„ Refracted longitudinal: Used for large
flaws that extend toward the scan surface
„ All of these require special probes
„ Specific calibration blocks are frequently
required
09/11/2004 Lavender International NDT Ltd : email:
tim@lavender.demon.co.uk
TOFD
„ TOFD was originally developed as a precision sizing
technique
„ Flaw detection capability is also very good but is restricted
to the ringing time of the lateral wave
„ Small flaws at the back wall can be missed when using the
‘D scan’
„ TOFD is frequently complemented with pulse echo or
phased arrays using multi channel computerised systems to
overcome the blind zones
„ Data collected can be processed using software tools to
enhance images and size flaws
„ Data can be collected to cover the entire weld in a similar
manner to radiography but with the added advantage of
through wall sizing
„ Electronic data records allow more than one person to
evaluate the information, this can even be accomplished by
emailing files
09/11/2004 Lavender International NDT Ltd : email:
tim@lavender.demon.co.uk
Phase Arrays
„ Originally developed by the medical industry using
mechanical phasing
„ Now electronic phasing allows beam steering for both
direction and focus
„ Limited to focus and steering in the near field
„ Use of advanced ray trace software is advisable to
synthetically model the beam prior to application
„ Can still easily miss defects as this is essentially a pulse
echo tool
„ Focussing in the wrong plane or range can also cause flaws
to be missed
„ Sizing can be very precise due to the focussing capability of
this method
„ Currently a large variation in equipment performance thus
proving of techniques is required
„ As with most new technology there is limited experience in
application of this technique and skilled operators are few
09/11/2004 Lavender International NDT Ltd : email:
tim@lavender.demon.co.uk
Operator Skill
„ Manual ultrasonic testing is solely
reliant upon the skill and integrity of
the operator
„ Computerised systems such as TOFD
or phased arrays form images that
can be used as permanent records
but the emphasis is still on the
human factor for interpretation

09/11/2004 Lavender International NDT Ltd : email:


tim@lavender.demon.co.uk
Training and Certification
„ Lavender International have a vast experience in
testing a huge range of product forms
„ We have 7 members of staff who hold multiple
level 3 ASNT and PCN qualifications
„ Steve Lavender is an expert in certification
schemes and related standards
„ Between us we offer a comprehensive training
and certification service
„ We invite you to visit us at Penistone to meet the
staff, view our facilities and discuss any specific
training needs, alternatively please contact us by
email: tim@lavender.demon.co.uk
09/11/2004 Lavender International NDT Ltd : email:
tim@lavender.demon.co.uk
Bibliography
„ ASNT Handbook, volume 7, Ultrasonic
Testing:
ISBN 0-931403-04-9
„ Ultrasonic Testing of Materials, J & H
Krautkramer, 4th edition:
ISBN 0-387-51231-4
„ Advanced Ultrasonic Flaw Sizing
Handbook, Mark Davies:
ISBN 1-884285-06-6
„ All of the above can be obtained through
Lavender International along with
numerous other reference books
09/11/2004 Lavender International NDT Ltd : email:
tim@lavender.demon.co.uk
Acknowledgements
„ Sincere thanks to all the staff at Lavender
International, this is a team effort and without
their support the master classes would not be
possible
„ A special thank you to Roger Hamlett who has
taken on extra work from me to allow time in
preparation for this event
„ Congratulations to Phoenix ISL for assisting by
building the special transducers to a high
standard and loaning their phased array unit for
the event
„ Finally thank you to Technology Design &
RD-Tech for assisting with TOFD and phased
array equipment and software
09/11/2004 Lavender International NDT Ltd : email:
tim@lavender.demon.co.uk
Thank you for attending

09/11/2004 Lavender International NDT Ltd : email:


tim@lavender.demon.co.uk

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy