Republic of the Philippines

department of Education
Region I
PANGASINAN DIVISION II
Binalonan, Pangasinan

QUARTER 3 MODULE 6

MELC: Investigate properties and characteristics of light

Objectives:
1. Describe the properties and characteristics of light.

Prepared by:

GRACE FRITZIE A. REGPALA

Teacher 1
Artacho Elementary School
PART I. (Maximum of 4 Pages)

A. Introduction
Sound and light are essential parts of our world, and they are also important when studying science.
We perceive most of the things around us because we can see or hear them. Some objects have their
own light, and some others reflect light. Thanks to this, our sense of sigh wet can see them.

B. Discussion

WHAT IS LIGHT?
Light is a form of energy. It can produce changes in the things it
shines on, like plants and be conve rted into electricity like solar panels
and also make us to see objects and observe their shape, size and colour.

WHERE IS LIGHT PRODUCED?

Light sources produce light. They can be natural as sun and artificial,
most of them using electricity light bulbs. And most objects are not light
sources, but we can see them because they reflect light

HOW DOES LIGHT TRAVEL?

Think about a foggy day. How can you see
the sun rays? Think about the shadow of an
illuminated object. Those are just example how
the light travel. And Light travels in straight
line.

LIGHT AND MATERIALS

When light travels it meets different materials. We can classify materials according to how they
respond to light:

 Transparent materials where they allow light to pass through them, that
an objects can be clearly seen through them example is glass.

 Translucent materials that allow some light to pass through them and
the objects can be seen through them, but not clearly for example is ice.

 Opaque materials wherein they do not allow light to pass through

them or the objects cannot be seen through them for example is wood

REFLECTION OF LIGHT

Reflection is when light bounces off an object. If the surface is smooth

and shiny, like glass, water or polished metal, the light will reflect at the
same angle as it hit the surface. This is called specular reflection.

Types of reflection
Light reflects from a smooth surface at the same angle as it hits the surface. For a smooth surface,
reflected light rays travel in the same direction. This is called specular reflection. For a rough surface,
reflected light rays scatter in all directions. This is called diffuse reflection.

Diffuse reflection is when light hits an object and reflects in lots of

different directions. This happens when the surface is rough. Most of
the things we see are because light from a source has reflected off it.

For example, if you look at a bird, light has reflected off that bird and
travelled in nearly all directions. If some of that light enters your eyes,
it hits the retina at the back of your eyes. An electrical signal is passed
to your brain, and your brain interprets the signals as an image.

Specular reflection
The angle at which light hits a reflecting surface is called the angle of
incidence, and the angle at which light bounces off a reflecting surface
is called the angle of reflection

This photo of Lake shows

specular reflection in the water of the lake with reflected
images. The very still lake water provides a perfectly smooth
surface for this to occur.

OBJECTS REFLECT LIGHT

• When light shines on an object, light can:

• Pass through the object
• Be reflected by the object
• When an object reflects light we can see it

MIRRORS are a good example of reflection. A mirror is a sm ooth piece of glass which back is
covered by a layer of shiny metal that reflects light.

TYPES OF MIRRORS

1. Flat where it can reflect an almost exactly image (but symmetrical)

2. Concave: they reflect a shorter and wider image

 3. Convex: they reflect a taller and narrower image

REFRACTION OF LIGHT

REFRACTION is a change in the direction of l ight

when it passes from one material to another and When it
passes from air to water. For example Lenses.

LENSES are a good example of refraction. A lens is a

piece of glass or plastic that uses refraction
to change the direction of the light that shines
through it. Thanks to this, the images of objects
seen through lenses change. We use this
characteristic to see objects bigger or clearer.

Types of lenses:
1. Convex: they concentrate the light in
one point
2. Concave: they separate the light rays

COLOURS WHITE LIGHT

We call the light from sun “white light”

because we see it as white. White light
is made up of an infinite number of
colours, we can see all these colours
when light passes through a glass prism
or a drop of water like rainbow. The
main colours are red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, indigo and purple hence white light can be made by mixing these colours

MIXING COLOURS
Our sense of sight perceives the mixture of red, blue and green as white
light and We can obtain all the other colours if we combine the primary
colours in the right proportion

COLOURS IN OBJECTS
We see objects because they reflect light. we see objects in different colours
because White light shines on an object. The object absorbs some colours
of the light and reflects the others. We only see the colour of the reflected light.

C. Readings
Light travels in straight lines. Sometimes it bounces back into the direction of the source. We call
this reflection. Water, windows, shiny metal, and mirrors are just some of the many objects that reflect
light. As light travels, it travels in a straight line. However, when light passes from one material into a
second material like mirror or water, the light path is either bent or reflected back.
 The way light bounces back is very much similar to the way a ball bounces back on hard smooth
surface. When you throw a ball straight down, it will bounce straight back at you. When you throw a ball
at an angle, it will bounce off at the same angle away from you. Light reflects the same way off mirror.
Light bounces off at the same way off a mirror. Light bounces off at the same angle that it struck the
mirror.

QUICK FACTS

1. Light is made up of energy.

2. Light travels in a straight line. Objects in its path cause light to bend or refract.
3. The speed of light is exactly 299 792 km per second.
4. This is the speed when light is travelling in a vacuum and not obstructed by the atmosphere.
5. Travelling at the speed of light, you could go around Earth 7.5 times in a second.
6. There are different types of light and each one has its own wavelength.
7. Some animals can see wavelengths that humans cannot. Ultraviolet light (UV light), for example.
8. Sunlight can be seen 80 meters underwater.
9. Plants are green because they reflect green light while absorbing other colours. The other colours that
they absorb are used in photosynthesis to create food.
10. A double rainbow occurs when light is reflected twice within each water droplet.
11. LED lights are made up entirely of visible (to humans) light. This is why they appear that much
brighter.
12. Light from the sun takes over 8 minutes to reach earth.
13. The speed of light is relevant to the atmosphere that it is travelling through.
14. Plato thought that we see by shooting light rays out of our eyes.
15. LED lights produce much less heat than iridescent lights.
PART II. Activity Proper

Activity 1. A. Write some examples to complete the table below.

Light sources can be natural light sources and artificial light sources

Natural light sources Artificial light sources

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

B. Directions: Classify the pictures below. Identify weather translucent, opaque, or transparent.

1.___________________ 2.____________________ 3.________________

Activity 2. Look at the image and answer the following questions below.

There is a pencil inside a glass of water.

1. How does the pencil look like? ________________________________

2. What phenomenon is showed by the picture? _____________________

3. What is Refraction of Light? ___________________________________

Activity 3. Use each drawing to explain what happen for each phenomenon. Write your answers on the
designated lines.

a. The reflection of light

______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
b. The refraction of light
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
 Key to Correction

Activity 1 A Teacher discretion

B. 1. transparent
2. translucent
3. opaque

Activity 2 1. bent
2. Refraction of light
3. change direction when travels through different

Activity 3

a. we can see our reflection in the mirror

b. pencil looks bent
PART III. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

A. Easy (10 Items)

Directions: Read each sentence carefully then Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. In which medium can light travels quickly?

a. Air c. Glass
b. Fog d. Water

2. When is light refracted?

a. When it passes through another medium c. When it is transmitted
b. When it passes through the same medium d. all of these

3. It happens when light passes from one medium to another.

a. It bends or refracted c. It is scattered
b. It bounces back or reflected d. It is transmitted

4. How do light travels when it passes through a single medium?

a. It travels in a curve line c. It travels in a straight line
b. It does not travel d. It travels in a broken line

5. Which of the following statement is correct about light?

a. Light travels in a straight line when it passes through a single medium.
b. Light strikes a thick cardboard bends and find another way to pass through it.
c. Light could not be blocked and they could pass through all types of materials.
d. Light travels in a crooked line.

6. What will most likely happen if the light used by big buses or other modes of transportation was
placed on the sides of the vehicle instead of being placed in the front?
a. They might bump with the other vehicle.
b. They can see clearly during the night.
c. Their light is focused on the board.
d. They can see the objects on the sides of the road.

Study the picture on the right to answers the questions 7-10.

7. Which among the four shows refraction?
a. A b. B c. C d. D

8. Which among the four shows reflection?

a. A b. B c. C d. D

9. Which among the four explains why we see our image in the mirror?
a. A b. B c. C d. D

10. What properties of light which bounce back from the direction of the source?
a. Reflection c. Refraction
b. Reflected d. Refracted
B. Moderate (5 Items)
Directions: Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is incorrect on the space provided.

___11. Light always travel in straight line.

___12. The light that strikes a thick cardboards bends and find another way to pass through it.

___13. Light can be reflected if it is directed towards a mirror.

___14. When somebody faces a mirror, his reflection can be seen in a reversed manner.

___15. Light rays can pass all types of materials.

C. Difficult
Directions: Read the concept below. Choose the correct answer inside the box and write on the space
provided in each number.

Artificial Light Heat Light Living

Natural Light Light See Sun

Light is a form of energy we cannot feel, but we can (1) _____ its effects. Light comes from both
(2) ________ and (3) __________ sources. Natural light comes from the (4) _____. The sun
actually gives off 2 forms of energy – (5) _____ and (6) _____. (7)_______ is produced by the sun
and observed on Earth. (8) _______ organisms use heat and light from the sun. (9) _______is also
produced from (10)________ when one thing rubs against another..
 KEY TO CORRECTION
Easy
1A
2A
3C
4A
5A
6C
7A
8B
9D
10 B

Moderate
11 T
12 F
13 T
14 T
15 T

Difficult
1. See 6. Light
2. Natural Light 7. Light
3. Artificial Light 8. Living
4. Sun 9. Heat
5. Heat 10.Motion
References:
Book
1. Department of Education. 2015. Learners Material Science Grade 4 Printed in the Philippines by
LEXICON PRESS, INC.
Online
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oq=lake+reflection&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECCMQJzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgII
ADICCAAyAggAMgIIADoECAAQHlD0Flj6K2CQMWgAcAB4AIABYogBjgKSAQEzmAEAoA
EBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=sxgBYIDbB8m80wTphZ7ABg&bih=642&bi
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light.html
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JgoX0pdA7HQ46dw:1611543721193&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRmKqYjL
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nM
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