Horse

HORSE
Introduction / Background
This report aims to explain about horse animals because not too many people
understand it.
Horses are animals that have been used to help humans for thousands of years. The
relationship between horses and humans can be seen from use of horses as livestock that can
be used even as a source of human food at the beginning of civilization. Horses are no of the
ten modern species of mammalian of the genus Equus. However, as the times became
increasingly sophisticated, horses were no longer used as workers or as a means of
transportation. Now, the horse has become a favorite livestock that is very valuable for the
horse-loving community. Indonesia`s livestock population has decreased. Horse is one of the
livestock that decreased in population, this is because the function of horses as a means of
transportation has been replaced by motorized vehicles. The method we use is through books
about animals and some animal experts from internet sites.
Horse is a large plant-eating domesticated mammal with solid hoofs and a flowing mane and
tail, used for riding, racing, and to carry and pull loads. Horses are adapted to run, allowing
them to quickly escape predators, possessing an excellent sense of balance and a strong fight-
or-flight response. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait:
horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to
sleep significantly more than adults.[4] Female horses, called mares, carry their young for
approximately 11 months, and a young horse, called a foal, can stand and run shortly
following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under a saddle or in a harness
between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and have an
average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years.
The size of horses varies by breed, but also is influenced by nutrition. Light riding horses
usually range in height from 142 to 163 cm and can weigh from 380 to 550 kilograms .Larger
riding horses usually start at about 157 cm and often are as tall as 173 cm, weighing from 500
to 600 kilograms. Heavy or draft horses are usually at least 163 cm high and can be as tall as
183 cm high. They can weigh from about 700 to 1,000 kilograms
The horses' senses are based on their status as prey animals, where they must be aware of
their surroundings at all times. They have the largest eyes of any land mammal, and are
lateral-eyed, meaning that their eyes are positioned on the sides of their heads. This means
that horses have a range of vision of more than 350°, with approximately 65° of this being
binocular vision and the remaining 285° monocular vision. Horses have excellent day and
night vision, but they have two-color, or dichromatic vision; their color vision is somewhat
like red-green color blindness in humans, where certain colors, especially red and related
colors, appear as a shade of green.
Their sense of smell, while much better than that of humans, is not quite as good as that of a
dog. It is believed to play a key role in the social interactions of horses as well as detecting
other key scents in the environment.
A horse's hearing is good and the pinna of each ear can rotate up to 180°, giving the potential
for 360° hearing without having to move the head. Noise impacts the behavior of horses and
certain kinds of noise may contribute to stress
Horses have a great sense of balance, due partly to their ability to feel their footing and partly
to highly developed proprioception the unconscious sense of where the body and limbs are at
all times. A horse's sense of touch is well-developed. The most sensitive areas are around the
eyes, ears, and nose. Horses are able to sense contact as subtle as an insect landing anywhere
on the body.
All horses move naturally with four basic gaits: the four-beat walk, which averages 6.4
kilometres per hour, the two-beat trot or jog at 13 to 19 kilometres per hour, the canter or
lope, a three-beat gait that is 19 to 24 kilometres per hour and the gallop.The gallop averages
40 to 48 kilometres per hour but the world record for a horse galloping over a short, sprint
distance is 70.76 kilometres per hour
Horse Interaction with humans
1. Sports
Horses are trained to be ridden or driven in a variety of sporting competitions. Examples
include show jumping, dressage, three-day eventing, competitive driving, endurance riding,
gymkhana, rodeos, and fox hunting
2. Work
There are certain jobs that horses do very well, and no technology has yet developed to fully
replace them. For example, mounted police horses are still effective for certain types of patrol
duties and crowd control.[189] Cattle ranches still require riders on horseback to round up
cattle that are scattered across remote, rugged terrain.
Now Delman is only used as a means of short distance transportation or only used for tourist
attractions. In some tourist attractions, Delman is still allowed to operate by following the
rules and urban cleanliness, for example the horse on the wagon must use a dung receptacle,
so that the horse does not defecate carelessly.
In August 2007, the DKI Jakarta Government at that time, which was led by Governor
Sutiyoso, no longer allowed the wagon to be inside Monas. The ban was also experienced by
the carriage drivers in Gang Kubur, Joglo, and under the Kemanggisan toll bridge.
Since then, the footsteps of the wagon at the Monas Court have been replaced by rotating
tracks of car tires or articulated cars that can carry 36 people at once.
Since then, the wagon has only operated around the outer fence of the Monas area at a rate of
Rp. 50,000 for one way with a carrying capacity of four adults.
The Delman died slowly, because the number of horse-drawn carriages that only operated on
Saturday-Sunday continued to decrease to around 30 wagons from 50 previously.
As time went on, in 2016 the existence of the wagon was again banned by the DKI
government, even though it was outside Monas. The reason is because there was a dangerous
infectious disease that had infected most of the horses.
REFERENCE
Whitaker, Julie; Whitelaw, Ian (2007). The Horse: A Miscellany of Equine Knowledge. New
York: St. Martin's Press.
https://thehorse.com/152562/history-of-the-horse/
Edwards, Elwyn Hartley (1994). The Encyclopedia of the Horse. London: Dorling
Kindersley.
Belknap, Maria (2004). Horsewords: The Equine Dictionary (Second ed.). North Pomfret,
VT: Trafalgar Square Publishing

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