Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 + 10A: Number and algebra: Linear and non-linear

relationships

Topic 4: Simultaneous linear equations and inequalities

Test A Name:________________________

FLUENCY
Mark Progression
point
1 5  1 8.5
 ,0
The equation of the line that passes through the points (2, 3) and  2  is:
A y  6 x  15
5
y  6 x 
B 2
C y  6 x  15  0
5
y  x3
D 2
E 2 y  4x  5  0

Answer: C

2 2 1 7.5

The equation of the line that has a gradient of 3 and a y-intercept of 2 is:
A 2x – 3y = 6
B 3x + 2y = 6
C 2x – 3y = 6
D 2x + 3y = 6
E –2x + 3y = –6

Answer: D

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 4: Simultaneous linear equations and inequalities Test A

3 The graphical solution to the following pair of simultaneous equations is: 1 9.0
2x – y + 9 = 0
x+y+3=0

Answer: D

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 4: Simultaneous linear equations and inequalities Test A

4 Which of the following pairs of coordinates is the solution to the given 1 9.5
simultaneous equations?
5x + 4y = 8
4x – 9y = 43

A (–3, 4)
B (4, –3)
C (–4, 3)
D (–4, –3)
E (4, 3)

Answer: B

5 The solution to the following pair of simultaneous equations is: 1 9.5

5x – 2y = 3
2x + y = 3

A (5, –2))
B (2, 1)
C (1, 1)
D (1, 3)
E (2, 3)

Answer: C

6 For which pair of simultaneous equations is (0, 4) a solution? 1 9.5

A 3x + 2y = 8
2x + 3y = 12

B 3x + 2y = 8
2x + 7y = 42

C 5x + 2y = 4
2x + 3y = 17

D 5x + 3y = 14
2x + 3y = 17

E 5x + 3y = 11
3x + 4y = 24

Answer: A

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 4: Simultaneous linear equations and inequalities Test A

7 Which pair of simultaneous equations does the graph below represent? 1 9.5

A 2y = x – 12
4x – y + 10 = 0

B y = 2x – 6
4x – y – 10 = 0

C y = 2x – 6
x – 4y – 10 = 0

D y=x–6
4x – y – 10 = 0

E y=x+6
4x – y – 10 = 0

Answer: B

8 In the process of solving the inequality 2x - 7 < - 6 , it is necessary to: 1 9.75

A change the sign to =

B change the sign to ≤
C change the sign to >
D change the sign to ≥
E keep the sign the same

Answer: E

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 4: Simultaneous linear equations and inequalities Test A

UNDERSTANDING
9 Use substitution to check whether the coordinate pair (2, 1) is a solution to the 4 9.25
following simultaneous equations.
5 x  3 y  13
4 x  2 y  10

Answer:
Substitute (2, 1) into 5 x  3 y  13.
LHS  5  2  3  (1)
 13
 RHS [2 marks]
Substitute (2, 1) into 4x  2 y  10.
LHS  4  2  2  (1)
 10
 RHS [2 marks]
Therefore coordinate pair (2, 1) is a solution.

10 Using technology, determine which of the following pairs of simultaneous 6 9.5

equations have no solution. Confirm by finding the gradient of each line.
(a) y = 2x – 3
4x – 2y = 5
(b) x – 5y = –1
–10y + 2x = 2
(c) 3y + 2x = 6
9y + 6x – 18 = 0

Answers:
(a)
y  2x  3 Gradient m  2
4x  2 y  5 Gradient m  2
These lines are parallel so there is no solution. [2 marks]
(b)
1
x  5 y  1 Gradient m 
5
1
 10 y  2 x  2 Gradient m 
5
These lines are parallel so there is no solution. [2 marks]
(c)

2
3y  2x  6 Gradient m 
3
2
9 y  6 x  18  0 Gradient m 
3
The second equation is actually a multiple of the first equation (  3).
This means that there is an infinite number of solutions. [2 marks]

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 Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 4: Simultaneous linear equations and inequalities Test A

11 Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations using a graphical method. 6 9.5
y 8 x
y  x2

Answer:
For the equation y  8  x :
At the x-intercept, y = 0.
0  8 x
x 8 [1 mark]
At the y -intercept, x = 0.
y  80
y 8 [1 mark]
For the equation y  x  2 :
At the x-intercept, y = 0.
0  x2
x  2 [1 mark]
At the y -intercept, x = 0.
y  02
y 2 [1 mark]

[2 marks for graph]

12 Use substitution to check if the coordinate pair (–5, 4) makes the inequality 3 10.0
3 y  5  4 x true or false.

Answer:
3y  5  4x
LHS = 3  ( 4)  5
 17 [1 mark]
RHS = 4  ( 5)
 20 [1 mark]
LHS  RHS
The statement is true. [1 mark]

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 4: Simultaneous linear equations and inequalities Test A

REASONING
13 Samantha buys 3 chocolate bars and 2 packets of chips for $12. Monica buys 4 5 9.5
packets of chips and 1 chocolate bar for $9. What is the total cost for one
chocolate bar and one packet of chips?

Answer:
Let the cost of a chocolate bar be $x.
Let the cost of a packet of chips be $y.
Cost for Samantha: 3x + 2y = 12 [1] [1 mark]
Cost for Monica: x + 4y = 9 [2] [1 mark]
3x + 2y = 12 [1]
x + 4y = 9 [2]
[2] × 3
3x + 12y = 27 [3]
[3] – [1]
10y = 15
y = 1.5 [1 mark]
Substitute y = 1.5 in [2]
x + 4 × 1.5 = 9
x=3 [1 mark]
So, the cost of a chocolate bar is $3, and the cost of a packet of chips is $1.50.
1 chocolate bar and 1 packet of chips will cost $4.50. [1 mark]

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 4: Simultaneous linear equations and inequalities Test A

PROBLEM SOLVING
14 Two adults and 4 children pay $172 to enter the theme park, whereas 3 adults and 5 9.5
2 children pay $158. What would be the entry fee for 4 adults and 3 children?

Answer:
Let $a be the cost of an adult’s admission.
Let $c be the cost of a child’s admission.
2a  4c  172 [1] [1 mark]
3a  2c  158 [2] [1 mark]
[1]  3
6a  12c  516 [3]
[2]  2
6a  4c  316 [4]
[3]  [4]
8c  200
c  25 [1 mark]
Substitute c = 25 in [1].
2a  4  25  172
2a  72
a  36 [1 mark]
An adult entry fee is $36, and a child’s fee is $25.
Cost for 4 adults and 3 children = 4 × $36 + 3 × $25
= $219 [1 mark]

Total marks: 68

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