Global governance is multifaceted for several reasons: it comes from many sources including international scholars and treaties between states; it covers many intersecting areas such as security, human rights, and trade; and relies on international organizations to facilitate cooperation and decision making. International organizations can take on lives of their own by influencing states through establishing norms and standards. The United Nations faces challenges in maintaining global security due to the veto power of the permanent members of the Security Council which prevents resolutions, as well as limits to intervening in states due to respecting sovereignty.
Global governance is multifaceted for several reasons: it comes from many sources including international scholars and treaties between states; it covers many intersecting areas such as security, human rights, and trade; and relies on international organizations to facilitate cooperation and decision making. International organizations can take on lives of their own by influencing states through establishing norms and standards. The United Nations faces challenges in maintaining global security due to the veto power of the permanent members of the Security Council which prevents resolutions, as well as limits to intervening in states due to respecting sovereignty.
Global governance is multifaceted for several reasons: it comes from many sources including international scholars and treaties between states; it covers many intersecting areas such as security, human rights, and trade; and relies on international organizations to facilitate cooperation and decision making. International organizations can take on lives of their own by influencing states through establishing norms and standards. The United Nations faces challenges in maintaining global security due to the veto power of the permanent members of the Security Council which prevents resolutions, as well as limits to intervening in states due to respecting sovereignty.
Global governance is multifaceted for several reasons: it comes from many sources including international scholars and treaties between states; it covers many intersecting areas such as security, human rights, and trade; and relies on international organizations to facilitate cooperation and decision making. International organizations can take on lives of their own by influencing states through establishing norms and standards. The United Nations faces challenges in maintaining global security due to the veto power of the permanent members of the Security Council which prevents resolutions, as well as limits to intervening in states due to respecting sovereignty.
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1.Why is global governance multi-faceted?
Global governance is multifaceted because of the following reasons;
first, it came from many sources. Many internationalist and scholars give their views and principles about global governance. Another is, states can sign treaties and form organization, in the process of legislating public international law. Second it covers various intersecting processes that create international order and encompasses several global areas of governance including security, justice, human rights, development, trade, and finance. Third, it refers to different international organizations that cover complex issues, and make international rules through which decision-making and co-operation at a global level is facilitated, operating through multilateral systems of regulation.
2.How do international organizations take on "lives of their own"?
International organizations take on lives of their own in a way that
these IOs were able to influence different powers. As for example, the IMF was able to promote a particular form of economic orthodoxy that stemmed mainly from the beliefs of its professional economists. IOs can thus become influential as independent organizations. Barnett and Finnemore listed the following powers of IOs. First, the power of classification, because IOs can invent and apply categories, they can create powerful global standards. For example, it is the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNCHR) that defines what a refugee is, and since states are required to accept refuges entering their borders, this power to establish identity has concrete effects. Second, IOs have the power to fix meanings. The various terms like security are well-defined and they are view as legitimate sources of information. As such, the meanings they create have effects on various policies. Lastly, IOs have the power to diffuse norms. Norms which are the accepted code of conduct. For example, World Bank economists come to be experts in development and carry some form authority; they can therefore create norms regarding the implementation of development projects. As well as, other IOs can promote relevant norms like environmental protection and human rights. Hence, international organizations take on "lives of their own".
3. What are the challenges faced by the United Nations in maintaining
global security?
As stated in Lesson 4, the biggest challenge of United Nations is
related to issues of security. UN Security Council is tasked with authorizing international acts of military intervention. Because of P5’s veto power, it is tough for the council to release a formal resolution, much more implement it. For example, United States sought to intervene in the Kosovo War, but China and Russia however, threatened to veto any action, rendering the UN incapable of addressing the crisis. Another is, the civil war in Syria wherein Russia has threatened to veto any SC resolution against Syria, since President Bashar is an ally of Rusian dictator Vladimir Putin thus, the UN has done very little to stop state- sanctioned violence against opponents of the government. As a result, the UN is ineffectual amid conflict that has led to over thousands of deaths and millions displaced. Hence, through the P5’s veto power, UN cannot simply release and implement formal resolution to maintain global security. Another is, the limits placed upon it various organs and programs by the need to respect state sovereignty. If a state refuses to cooperate, the influenced of the UN is severely circumscribed, thus failing to achieve its goal of maintaining global security and order.