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    Adiabatik Prosess Ok 2020

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    Pemri Yangrit Sae
    The document discusses adiabatic processes for ideal gases. It defines an adiabatic process as one where no heat is exchanged between the system and surroundings. For an ideal gas undergoing adiabatic expansion or compression, the temperature will decrease or increase respectively because work is being done by or on the gas without a heat exchange. It provides equations showing that the final temperature and pressure after an adiabatic change can be determined from the initial temperature, volume, and properties of the gas such as heat capacities. Several examples are given to illustrate calculating work, temperature change, and other properties of ideal gases in adiabatic processes.

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    Adiabatik Prosess Ok 2020

    Uploaded by

    Pemri Yangrit Sae
    107 views15 pages
    The document discusses adiabatic processes for ideal gases. It defines an adiabatic process as one where no heat is exchanged between the system and surroundings. For an ideal gas undergoing adiabatic expansion or compression, the temperature will decrease or increase respectively because work is being done by or on the gas without a heat exchange. It provides equations showing that the final temperature and pressure after an adiabatic change can be determined from the initial temperature, volume, and properties of the gas such as heat capacities. Several examples are given to illustrate calculating work, temperature change, and other properties of ideal gases in adiabatic processes.

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    Adiabatik

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    Adiabatik prosess Ok 2020

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    The document discusses adiabatic processes for ideal gases. It defines an adiabatic process as one where no heat is exchanged between the system and surroundings. For an ideal gas undergoing adiabatic expansion or compression, the temperature will decrease or increase respectively because work is being done by or on the gas without a heat exchange. It provides equations showing that the final temperature and pressure after an adiabatic change can be determined from the initial temperature, volume, and properties of the gas such as heat capacities. Several examples are given to illustrate calculating work, temperature change, and other properties of ideal gases in adiabatic processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    107 views15 pages

    Adiabatik Prosess Ok 2020

    Uploaded by

    Pemri Yangrit Sae
    The document discusses adiabatic processes for ideal gases. It defines an adiabatic process as one where no heat is exchanged between the system and surroundings. For an ideal gas undergoing adiabatic expansion or compression, the temperature will decrease or increase respectively because work is being done by or on the gas without a heat exchange. It provides equations showing that the final temperature and pressure after an adiabatic change can be determined from the initial temperature, volume, and properties of the gas such as heat capacities. Several examples are given to illustrate calculating work, temperature change, and other properties of ideal gases in adiabatic processes.

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    The First Law

    adiabatic process
    2.6 Adiabatic changes
    When a perfect gas expands adiabatically, a
    decrease in temperature should be expected:
    •because work is done but no heat enters the
    system, the internal energy falls, and therefore the
    temperature of the working gas also falls.
    •In molecular terms, the kinetic energy of the
    molecules falls as work is done, so their average
    speed decreases, and hence the temperature falls.
    Adiabatic changes

    Step 1,
    change volume and the temperature is held
    constant at its initial value.

    ∆U=0

    Step 2,
    change temperature at constant volume.

    ∆U = CV ( Tf-Ti )
    Adiabatic changes

    q=0
    ∆U = q + w = wad
    ∆U = CV (T f − Ti )
    wad = ∆U = CV (T f − Ti )

    the work done by the system during an adiabatic


    expansion of a perfect gas is proportional to the
    temperature difference between the initial and final
    states.
    Final Temperature (Tf) in
    adiabatic change
    • The initial and final temperatures of a perfect gas that
    undergoes reversible adiabatic expansion (reversible
    expansion in a thermally insulated container) can be
    calculated

    c = CV,m/R

    Ti : temperature of initial state

    Tf : temperature of final state

    Vi : volume of initial state

    Vf : volume of final state


    VT c = constant
    Illustration 2.5 Work of adiabatic expansion

    • Consider the adiabatic, reversible expansion of 0.020 mol Ar,


    initially at 25°C, from 0.50 dm3 to 1.00 dm3. The molar heat
    capacity of argon at constant volume is 12.48 J K−1 mol−1

    c = CV ,m / R = 1.051
    1/ c
     Vi  3 1/1.051
     0.50 dm 
    Tf = Ti   = (298 K) ×  
    3 
    = 188 K
    V 
     f   1.00 dm 

    ( )
    wad = nCV ,m (Tf − Ti ) = (0.020 mol)× 12.48 J K-1 mol-1 × (188K − 298K) = −27 J
    Self Test 2.5

    • Calculate the final temperature, the work done, and the


    change of internal energy when ammonia is used in a
    reversible adiabatic expansion from 0.50 dm3 to 2.00 dm3, the
    other initial conditions being the same.
    • the pressure of a perfect gas that undergoes reversible
    adiabatic expansion from a volume Vi to a volume Vf is related
    to its initial pressure by

    p f V fγ = piVi γ
    γ = Cp,m/CV,m

    pVγ = constant

    For a monatomic perfect gas, CV,m = 3/2R and Cp,m = 5/2R; so γ = 5/3.
    For a gas of nonlinear polyatomic molecules , CV,m = 3R and Cp,m =4R , so γ = 4/3.
    Illustration 2.6
    The pressure change accompanying adiabatic expansion

    • When a sample of argon (for which γ = 5/3) at 100 kPa expands


    reversibly and adiabatically to twice its initial volume,
    estimate the final pressure.

    For an isothermal doubling of volume, the final pressure would be … ?


    Because γ > 1,

    an adiabat falls more steeply (p ∝ 1/V γ ) than the


    corresponding isotherm (p ∝ 1/V).

    The physical reason for the difference is that, in an


    isothermal expansion, energy flows into the system as
    heat and maintains the temperature; as a result, the
    pressure does not fall as much as in an adiabatic
    expansion.
    Adiabatic processes
    for an adiabatic change dq = 0
    dU = dw + dq = dw,

    replace p by nRT/V

    Integrate this expression


    Adiabatic processes
    Since pV = nRT

    γ = Cp,m/CV,m

    for a perfect gas, Cp,m – CV,m = R

    piViγ = pfVfγ
    Exercise 2.4b

    • A sample consisting of 2.00 mol of perfect gas


    molecules, for which CV,m = 5/2R,initially at p1 =
    111 kPa and T1 = 277 K,is heated reversibly to
    356 K at constant volume. Calculate the final
    pressure, ∆U, q, and w.
    Exercise 2.9b

    • Calculate the final temperature of a sample of


    argon of mass 12.0 g that is expanded
    reversibly and adiabatically from 1.0 dm3 at
    273.15 K to 3.0 dm3.
    Exercise 2.14b

    • A sample of 5.0 mol CO2 is originally confined


    in 15 dm3 at 280 K and then undergoes
    adiabatic expansion against a constant
    pressure of 78.5 kPa until the volume has
    increased by a factor of 4.0.
    Calculate q, w, ∆T, ∆U, and ∆H. (The final
    pressure of the gas is not necessarily 78.5 kPa.)

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