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NAME-302 (Ship Structure Sessional) : Tabular Method of Calculating Shearing Force and Bending Moment

Murray's method estimates bending moments amidships using mean values of weight and buoyancy moments. The still water bending moment is the difference between these mean moments. Wave bending moments are estimated using coefficients related to ship dimensions. The total bending moment is the sum of still water and wave bending moments. This example uses Murray's method to calculate bending moments amidships for a ship given its dimensions and load data, finding a sagging still water bending moment and hogging or sagging bending moments for standard wave conditions.

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270 views

NAME-302 (Ship Structure Sessional) : Tabular Method of Calculating Shearing Force and Bending Moment

Murray's method estimates bending moments amidships using mean values of weight and buoyancy moments. The still water bending moment is the difference between these mean moments. Wave bending moments are estimated using coefficients related to ship dimensions. The total bending moment is the sum of still water and wave bending moments. This example uses Murray's method to calculate bending moments amidships for a ship given its dimensions and load data, finding a sagging still water bending moment and hogging or sagging bending moments for standard wave conditions.

Uploaded by

Sakib Rafee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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NAME-302(Ship Structure Sessional)

Tabular method of calculating shearing force and bending moment

It has the great advantage of deriving quickly and simply the values of the SF and Mb.

Consider the length of the ship to be divided into a minimum of 20 equal parts. The average
weight per foot for each of the sections should be obtained. This may be done by direct
calculations or by deriving the weight curve for the whole ship and then dividing it into equal
parts.

The curve of buoyancy is then drawn and the value of the weight ordinate is plotted at the
middle of the length of each of the 20 sections. The weight curve is then assuming that the
curves of weight and buoyancy are parallel over each section.

This will give a curve of loads as a series of rectangles and successive integration of the load
curve will give the values for the SF and Mb curves.

It is often convenient, however, to do the integration in tabular form as shown. If this tabular
method is adopted then by checking that the total weight and the total buoyancy in column 2
and 3 are equal and have the same fore and aft position for the LCB and LCG, it can be
ensured that both the SF and Mb curves will close. The deflection at any point in the length of
the ship may be obtained by integrating twice in a similar manner the values obtained for Mb
or for Mb/I where I is the moment of inertia of the transverse section of the ship.

This tabular method of calculation is most useful when finding the frequency of vibration of a
ship using the deflection method.
NAME-302(Ship Structure Sessional)
NAME-302(Ship Structure Sessional)

Example:

A ship 420 ft long has the following mean values for weight & buoyancy as measured at the
centres of each of the ten displacement stations.

Find the bending moment at amidships.

Station Weight(tons/ft) Buoyancy(tons/ft) Load(tons/ft) SF(tons) SF(areas) Mb


areas
0 0 0
0.5 22.65 16.00 6.5
1 0+6.5
1.5 33.31 28.00 5.31
2 6.5+5.31
2.5 37.84 34.64 3.20
3
3.5 37.58 37.58 0
4
4.5 26.65 39.46 -12.81
5
5.5 32.00 39.98 -7.98
6
6.5 29.05 40.00 -10.95
7
7.5 36.24 37.00 -0.76
8
8.5 37.31 31.70 5.61
9
9.5 31.16 19.43 11.73
10 0 0

Mb at amidships = 0.5 x 100.21 x 42 x 42 tons ft

[‘Ton’ and ‘tonne’ are not equal. Both are a unit of weight, a Ton is an Imperial
measurement (still widely used in the USA), and a tonne is a Metric measurement
.However, they’re not interchangeable for each other.

In the United States, they measure by the US Ton or short Ton, while the British Ton,
known as an Imperial Ton or long Ton is heavier.

 A short Ton is the US customary version, is equal to 2,000 pounds


 A long Ton is the mostly out-dated Imperial Ton, is equal to 2,240 pounds
 A tonne, also known as a metric Ton, is equal to 1000kg, (or 2,204.6 pounds)]
NAME-302(Ship Structure Sessional)

Longitudinal Strength of Ships:Murray’s Method (Approx.


Method):
Although computer methods have emerged as a practical way of calculating the still
water bending moment, it makes sense to discuss Murray’s Method for hand
calculations

 Based on the idea that forces and moments in a ship are self-balancing (no net
forces transferred to world)

 He proposed that any set of weight and buoyancy forces are in balance

 Furthermore, for any cut at x, the moment at the cut can be determined by:

BM ( x)  y1 L1  y 2 L2  y5 L5  y3 L3  y 4 L4

 Applying this idea to a ship


NAME-302(Ship Structure Sessional)

 The bending moment at amidships is:

 The estimate of max bending moment can be improved by averaging these

 The bending moment at amidships is:

 We can simplify the buoyancy part by:


NAME-302(Ship Structure Sessional)

 Murray suggested a set of values for the average moment arm, as a function of
ship length, CB, and the ratio of draft to length
x  La  CB  b

T/L a b
0.03 0.209 0.03
0.04 0.199 0.041
0.05 0.189 0.052
0.06 0.179 0.063

 Tanker with L = 278m, B=37m, CB=0.8

 To find BMB we need the draft

 So T/L = 16.68/278 = 0.06 W    CB  L  B  T  



T 
CB  L  B  
140690

0.8  278  37  1.025
 16.68 m
 Murray’s table gives a=0.179 and b=0.063
NAME-302(Ship Structure Sessional)

 And the buoyancy bending moment is

x  278.179  0.8  0.063


 57.32 m

1
BM B  x
2
 140690  57.32
1
2
 4,032,428t  m

 The still water bending moment is then

 Assuming the wave bending moments are: WBMsag=583800 t-m and


WBMhog=520440 t-m

SWBM  BM W  BM B
hog sag

 3,129,220  4,032,428
 903,145t  m
sagging
 The total bending moment is
Total BM  903,145  583,800
 1,486,945 ( sag)
NAME-302(Ship Structure Sessional)

Total Bending Moment = Still Water B.M. + Wave B. M.

Still Water B.M

Moment of Weight forward amidships = Wf

Moment of Weight aft amidships = Wa

Moment of Buoyancy forward amidships = Bf

Moment of Buoyancy aft amidships = Ba

B. M. Amidships = Wf - Bf = Wa - Ba

Sufficient accuracy can be obtained by taking mean values for the weight and buoyancy
moments.
W f  Wa
Mean weigh t moment M w 
2


Mean buoyancy moment   mean L.C.B. of fore and aft bodies
2

Mean L.C.B.  cL, where c  0.165Cb  0.074

W f  Wa 
Still Water Bending Moment then becomes:   cL
2 2

Wave bending moment depends upon the height of the wave which is a function of the
length of the ship and as the centroid of the wave buoyancy will be proportional to the
length, it follows that the bending moment can be written as a function of L3. The wave
bending moment also depend directly on the breadth of the ship, B.

Wave Bending Moment  L3 B

Murray has written this as: Wave Bending Moment  bL3 B  106

where b is a coefficient depends upon Cb and values are prescribed in tabular form..

As Lloyad’s Register consider wave height: h  1.1 L


1.1 L
Equation of Wave Bending Moment has been modified as:  bL3 B  106 
L / 20
 22b  L B  106
2.5
NAME-302(Ship Structure Sessional)

Example

Describe Murray’s method of estimating longitudinal bending moments amidships, and use
the method and the following data to find the still water bending moment amidships and the
bending moments amidships for a standard wave height of 1.1√ with its crest amidships
and alternatively with its trough amidships.

Length= 448 ft; Block coefficient = 0.75; Beam = 62 ft

Items Weight(tons) LCG from amidships(ft)


Machinery 1050 21A
No. 1 hold 1510 155F
No.2 hold 3305 77F
Deep tank empty
No.4 hold 1941 80A
No.5 hold 1210 150A
Oil fuel 120 25A
Fresh water 105 18F
Fresh water 60 27A

The mean LCG from amidships of the hull and outfit weight of the fore and aft bodies may be
assumed at 0.229L. The total hull and outfit weight =3974 tons.

The mean LCB of the fore and aft bodies is (0.174Cb+0.057) from amidships. Values of b’
are: hogging 57.4, sagging 51 in the relationships WBM = b’L2.5B x 10-5.

[Reference books: 1) Strength of Ship’s Structure-Muckle

2) Naval Architecture: Examples & Theoty-B. Baxter

3) Basic Ship Theory- Rawson & Tupper]

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