Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2021

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced

Subsidiary/ Advanced Level In Physics
(WPH11)
Paper 1: Mechanics and Materials
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January 2021
Publications Code WPH11_01_2101_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded
for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should
be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark
scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.
 Mark scheme notes

Underlying principle

The mark scheme will clearly indicate the concept that is being rewarded, backed up by
examples. It is not a set of model answers.

For example:

(iii) Horizontal force of hinge on table top

66.3 (N) or 66 (N) and correct indication of direction [no ue]  1

[Some examples of direction: acting from right (to left) / to the left / West
/ opposite direction to horizontal. May show direction by arrow. Do not
accept a minus sign in front of number as direction.]

This has a clear statement of the principle for awarding the mark, supported by some
examples illustrating acceptable boundaries.

1. Mark scheme format

1.1 You will not see ‘wtte’ (words to that effect). Alternative correct wording should be
credited in every answer unless the ms has specified specific words that must be
present. Such words will be indicated by underlining e.g. ‘resonance’
1.2 Bold lower case will be used for emphasis.
1.3 Round brackets ( ) indicate words that are not essential e.g. “(hence) distance is
increased”.
1.4 Square brackets [ ] indicate advice to examiners or examples e.g. [Do not accept
gravity] [ecf].

2. Unit error penalties

2.1 A separate mark is not usually given for a unit but a missing or incorrect unit will
normally mean that the final calculation mark will not be awarded.
2.2 Incorrect use of case e.g. ‘Watt’ or ‘w’ will not be penalised.
2.3 There will be no unit penalty applied in ‘show that’ questions or in any other
question where the units to be used have been given, for example in a spreadsheet.
2.4 The same missing or incorrect unit will not be penalised more than once within one
question (one clip in epen).
2.5 Occasionally, it may be decided not to penalise a missing or incorrect unit e.g. the
candidate may be calculating the gradient of a graph, resulting in a unit that is not
one that should be known and is complex.
2.6 The mark scheme will indicate if no unit error penalty is to be applied by means of
[no ue].

3. Significant figures
3.1 Use of an inappropriate number of significant figures in the theory papers will
normally only be penalised in ‘show that’ questions where use of too few significant
figures has resulted in the candidate not demonstrating the validity of the given
answer.
3.2 The use of g = 10 m s-2 or 10 N kg-1 instead of 9.81 m s-2 or 9.81 N kg-1 will be
penalised by one mark (but not more than once per clip). Accept 9.8 m s-2 or 9.8 N
kg-1
4. Calculations
4.1 Bald (i.e. no working shown) correct answers score full marks unless in a ‘show that’
question.
4.2 If a ‘show that’ question is worth 2 marks then both marks will be available for a
reverse working; if it is worth 3 marks then only 2 will be available.
4.3 use of the formula means that the candidate demonstrates substitution of physically
correct values, although there may be conversion errors e.g. power of 10 error.
4.4 recall of the correct formula will be awarded when the formula is seen or implied by
substitution.
4.5 The mark scheme will show a correctly worked answer for illustration only.
4.6 Example of mark scheme for a calculation:

‘Show that’ calculation of weight

Use of L × W × H 

Substitution into density equation with a volume and density 

Correct answer [49.4 (N)] to at least 3 sig fig. [No ue] 

[If 5040 g rounded to 5000 g or 5 kg, do not give 3rd mark; if conversion to kg
is omitted and then answer fudged, do not give 3rd mark]

[Bald answer scores 0, reverse calculation 2/3]

Example of answer:

80 cm × 50 cm × 1.8 cm = 7200 cm3

7200 cm3 × 0.70 g cm-3 = 5040 g
3
5040 × 10-3 kg × 9.81 N/kg

= 49.4 N

5. Quality of Written Communication

5.1 Indicated by QoWC in mark scheme. QWC – Work must be clear and organised in a
logical manner using technical wording where appropriate.
5.2 Usually it is part of a max mark, the final mark not being awarded unless the QoWC
condition has been satisfied.

6. Graphs
6.1 A mark given for axes requires both axes to be labelled with quantities and units, and
drawn the correct way round.
6.2 Sometimes a separate mark will be given for units or for each axis if the units are
complex. This will be indicated on the mark scheme.
6.3 A mark given for choosing a scale requires that the chosen scale allows all points to
be plotted, spreads plotted points over more than half of each axis and is not an
awkward scale e.g. multiples of 3, 7 etc.
6.4 Points should be plotted to within 1 mm.
• Check the two points furthest from the best line. If both OK award mark.
• If either is 2 mm out do not award mark.
• If both are 1 mm out do not award mark.
• If either is 1 mm out then check another two and award mark if both of these
OK, otherwise no mark.
• For a line mark there must be a thin continuous line which is the best-fit line
for the candidate’s results.
Question Answer Mark
Number
1 C is the correct answer (1)

A is incorrect because the velocity should be squared

B is incorrect because the displacement should be doubled and the velocity squared
D is incorrect because the displacement should be doubled
2 C is the correct answer (1)

A is incorrect because it takes no account of the k.e.

B is incorrect because the energy dissipated would be greater than the original energy
D is incorrect because the energy dissipated could not be negative
3 D is the correct answer (1)

A is incorrect because the acceleration is not positive

B is incorrect because the acceleration is decreasing
C is incorrect because the acceleration is constant
4 B is the correct answer (1)

A is incorrect because the graph would have a gradient of g/2

C is incorrect because the graph would have a gradient of 2/g
D is incorrect because the graph would have a gradient of 1/g
5 C is the correct answer (1)

A is incorrect because breaking stress is material property independent of dimensions

B is incorrect because density is material property independent of dimensions
D is incorrect because Young modulus is material property independent of dimensions
6 A is the correct answer (1)

B is incorrect because object B has greater leftward momentum than object A

C is incorrect because total momentum is not the sum of the magnitudes
D is incorrect because total momentum is not the sum of the magnitudes
7 C is the correct answer (1)

A is incorrect because the ball bearing is not in the oil at V

B is incorrect because the ball bearing has not reached terminal velocity at W
D is incorrect because the ball bearing has not reached terminal velocity at W
8 C is the correct answer (1)

A is incorrect because density is not a vector

B is incorrect because kinetic energy is not a vector
D is incorrect because viscosity is not a vector
9 B is the correct answer (1)

A is incorrect because the forces do act in opposite directions

C is incorrect because the forces are of the same type
D is incorrect because the forces do have the same magnitude
10 C is the correct answer (1)

A is incorrect because time is not speed/distance

B is incorrect because time is not speed/distance
D is incorrect because the powers of ten are incorrect
Question Answer Mark
Number

11(a)
• Three downward arrows to show the forces of the people and the weight
of the plank
(1)
• Upward arrow to show reaction/contact/value force at the pivot. (1) 2

11(b)
• Use of moment = F x (1)
• Application of principle of moments (1)
• x = 0.89 m (1) 3

Example of calculation
x = (0.9 m × 950 N − 1.1 × 250) / 650 N = 0.89 m

Total for question 11 5

Question Answer Mar
k
Number

12(a)
• Use of ∆𝐸𝐸grav = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚∆ℎ
(1)
• Use of trigonometry to calculate Δh (1)
• P = 180 (W) (1)

OR
• Use of W = Fs (1)
• Use of trigonometry to calculate component of weight along slope (1)
• P = 180 (W) (1) 3

Example of calculation:
P = 72 kg × 9.81 N kg−1 × 0.51m s−1 × sin 30° = 180 W

12(b)
• Use of efficiency = useful power output/total power input
(1)
• Calculates useful power output (1)
• Power input = 3500 W (1) 3

Example of calculation
15 × 180 W / 0.78 = 3.46 × 103 W

Total for question 12 6

Question Answer Mark
Number

13(a)
• Use of v2 = u2 + 2as
(1)
• Vertical component, 𝑢𝑢𝑉𝑉 = 𝑢𝑢 sin 35° (1)
• Speed of ball = 17.3 (m s−1) (1) 3
Example of calculation
0 = uv2 – 2 × 9.81 m s−2 × 5.0 m
uv2 = 98.1, uv = √98.1 = 9.9 m s−1
u = 9.9 / sin 35˚ = 17.3 m s−1

13(b)
• Use of uH = u cos θ
(1)
• Use of t = s/uH (1)
1
• Use of 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 + 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 2 with uV = u sin θ and a = − g (1)
2
• Height = 3.2 (m) (1)
• Comparison of result consistent with calculation of height at 22 m. (1) 5

Example of calculation
Horizontal speed = 17.0 cos 35˚ = 13.9 m s−1
Time to travel 22 m = 22 ÷ 13.9 = 1.58 s
Initial vertical speed = 17.0 sin 35˚ = 9.8 m s−1
Height gained in 1.58 s = 9.8 1.58 – 0.5  9.81 1.582 = 3.16 m

Total for question 13 8

Question Answer Mark
Number
14(a)(i) 𝑚𝑚 (1)
• Use of 𝜌𝜌 = (1)
𝑉𝑉
• Use of 𝐴𝐴 = π𝑟𝑟 2
• Use of volume in 1 second = cross section area × speed (1)
• Speed = 37.1 (m s−1) (1) 4

Example of calculation
𝑉𝑉 300 kg s −1
= = 0.291 m3 s−1
𝑡𝑡 1030 kg m−3
A = π × 0.052 = 7.85 × 10-3 m2
Speed = 0.291 m3 s−1/ 7.85 × 10-3 m2 = 37.1 m s−1

14(a)(ii) • Use of p = mv
(1)
• Rate of change of momentum = 1.1 × 104 kg m s−2 (ecf from (a)(i)) (1) 2
Example of calculation
mass × speed = 300 kg 37.1 m s−1 = 1.11 × 104 kg m s−2

14(b) • Pump applies a (forward) force to the water.

(1)
• By Newton 3, water applies an (equal and) opposite/backward force to the pump (1) 2
Or
By Newton 3, water applies a force to the pump in the opposite direction to the
(flow of) water.

14(c)
• Initially (speed is constant because) drag force = forward force (1)
• Turning on pump gives resultant force backwards, so boat slows. (1)
• Drag force becomes less (as boat slows) until forces balance again. (1)
3

Total for question 14 11

Question Answer Mark
Number

15 This question assesses a student’s ability to show a coherent and logically structured answer
with linkages and fully-sustained reasoning.
Marks are awarded for indicative content and for how the answer is structured and shows
lines of reasoning.
The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for indicative content and
lines of reasoning.

IC points IC mark Max linkage Max final

mark available mark
6 or more 4 2 6
5 3 2 5
4 3 1 4
3 2 1 3
2 2 0 2
1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0

Marks
Answer shows a coherent and logical structure with linkages and 2
fully sustained lines of reasoning demonstrated throughout.

Answer is partially structured with some linkages and lines of 1

reasoning
Answer has no linkages between points and is unstructured 0

Indicative content

• In stage 1 the kinetic energy of the jumper is increasing

• Because work is done by gravitational force
• In stage 2 the kinetic energy of the jumper is increasing but at a decreasing rate
• Because work is done on the cord (as the cord stretches) (as well as increasing k.e.)
• In stage 3 the kinetic energy of the jumper is decreasing
• Because work is done on the cord at a greater rate than the gravitational force does
work on the jumper
Or
He comes to rest because the total work done by gravitational forces is equal to
work done stretching the bungee
6
Total for question 15 6
Question Answer Mark
Number

16(a) • Micrometer (screw gauge) Or digital (not Vernier) calliper(s) (1) 1

16(b)(i)
• Attempt to calculate gradient
(1)
• Use of linear section, or tangent at origin, with use of large triangle (1)
• E = 1.2 ± 0.05 × 1011 Pa (1) 3
Example of calculation
Extending straight section to 1%
120 × 106 Pa ÷ 0.01 = 1.2 × 1011 Pa

16(b)(ii)
• Breaking stress read from graph
(1)
• Use of 𝐴𝐴 = π𝑟𝑟 2 (1)
• Use of σ = F/A (1)
• F = 2.6 × 104 N (1) 4
Example of calculation
Area = π × (2.525 × 10−3)2 = 2.00 × 10−5 m2
Force = 1 280 × 106 × 2 ×10– 5 = 2.56 × 104 N
16(b)(iii) (1)
• Use of area under graph = ½σε
• Substitution of F = σA and Δx = εx (1)
(1) 3
• Substitution of Ax = V and ΔW = ½ FΔx

Example of calculation
Area = ½σε
= ½ (F / A)( Δx / x )
= ½ F Δx / (A x)
= ΔW / V

16(b)(iv)
• Calculation of area under graph by a valid method.
(1)
• Area in range 60 to 64 (MJ m−3) (1)
• Calculation of volume of sample (1)
• Energy = 500±20 J (1) 4

Example of calculation
One large square = 200 × 106 × 0.01 = 2 × 106 J m–3
31 large squares
Volume of sample = 0.40 m × 2.0 × 10−5 m2 = 8.0 × 10−6 m3
Work = 31 × 8 × 10–6 m3× 2 × 106 J m−3= 4.96 × 102 J

Total for question 16 15

Question Answer Mark
Number

17(a)
• Use of ∆𝐹𝐹 = 𝑘𝑘∆𝑥𝑥
(1)
• k = 1.9 (N cm−1) (1) 2
Example of calculation:
k = 15 N ÷ 8 cm = 1.875 N cm−1

17(b)
• Use of w = mg
(1)
• Use of force triangle and Pythagoras to find F
Or F resolved into components (1)
• Use of trigonometry to find θ. (1)
∆𝐹𝐹
• Use of ∆𝑥𝑥 = (1)
𝑘𝑘
• Δx = 5.4 cm (ecf from (a), "show that" value gives 5.0 cm) (1)
• θ = 32° (ecf from (a)) (1) 6

Example of calculation:
θ = tan−1(0.55 kg × 9.81 N kg−1 ÷ 8.5 N) = 32.4°
Δx = √((0.55 × 9.81)2 + 8.52) ÷ 1.88 = 5.37 cm

Total for question 17 8

Question Answer Mark
Number
18(a) • Weight Or W, downwards
• Drag Or D, downwards (1)
(1) 2

18(b) 4
• Use of 𝑉𝑉 = π𝑟𝑟 3 (1)
3
𝑚𝑚
• Use of 𝜌𝜌 = and W = mg
𝑉𝑉
(1)
• Upthrust = 3.06 × 10−4 (N)
(1) 3
Example of calculation
Volume of bead = 4/3 × π × (2.00 × 10−3 m)3 = 3.35 × 10−8 m3
Weight of displaced fluid = 930 kg m−3 × 3.35 × 10-8 m3 × 9.81 N kg−1
= 3.06 × 10−4 N

18(c)(i)
• The flow must be laminar (1) 1
Or There must be no turbulent flow

18(c)(ii) • States D = U – W
(1)
• Use of F = 6πηrv (1)
• v = 0.16 (m s−1) (1)
• Calculate vR = 0.13 (m s−1) (1)
• Comparison of v with vR and correct conclusion (ecf from (b)) (1) 5

Alternative method of comparison of F(0.13) with D scores full marks.

Example of calculation
U − W =3.06 × 10−4 − 1.05 × 10−5 = 2.96 × 10−4 N
v = 2.96 × 10−4 N / (6π × 4.9 × 10−2 Pa s × 2.0 × 10−3 m) = 1.60 × 10-1 m s−1
vR = 10 × 4.9 × 10−2 Pa s / (930 kg m−3 × 4.0 × 10−3 m)= 1.32× 10−1 m s−1

Total for question 18 11