‫ﺻرف‬

Sarf
 ‫ ﺻرف‬- Etymology
❖ A science through which we understand the
shape and the changes of a word before
entering it into a sentence.
■ ‫ ُﻣ ْﺷﺗَق‬- words that you can do the ‫ﺻرف‬
■ ‫ ﺟَ ﺎﻣِد‬- words that you can’t do the ‫ﺻرف‬
❖ All ‫ ُﻣ ْﺷﺗَق‬word has 2 elements -
■ ‫ اﻟﺟِذْ ر‬- Root word (3/4 letter)
■ ‫( اﻟﺑﺎب‬Family) & ‫ﺻﯾْﻐَ ﺔ‬
‫( اﻟ ﱢ‬Family Members)
 Introduction to Root & Family
‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم‬ ‫ﻣُﻌَ ﻠﱢ ٌم‬ ‫ﻋِ ْﻠ ٌم‬ ‫ﻋَ ﺎﻟِ ٌم‬
He Taught Teacher Knowledge Scholar

‫ﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ َم‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْ ﻠِ ْﯾ ٌم‬ ‫ﻣَﻌْ ﻠ ُْو َﻣ ٌﺔ‬ ‫أَﻋْ َﻠ ُم‬

He Learned Education Fact More Knowledgeable
 ‫‪Introduction of Family Members‬‬
‫ﻣُﻌَ ﻠﱢ ٌم‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْ ﻠِ ْﯾﻣًﺎ‬ ‫ﯾُﻌَ ﻠﱢ ُم‬ ‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم‬
‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻣُﻌَ ﻠﱠ ٌم‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْ ﻠِ ْﯾﻣًﺎ‬ ‫ﯾُﻌَ ﻠﱠ ُم‬ ‫ُﻋﻠﱢ َم‬
‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

‫ﻣُﻌَ ﻠﱠ ٌم‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗُﻌَ ﻠﱢ ْم‬ ‫ﻋَ ﻠﱢ ْم‬

‫اﺳم ظرف‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر‬
 Classification
❖ ‫ ﺻرف‬families can be grouped into two large
groups -
■ ‫ اﻟﻣُﺟَ رﱠ د‬- Could be 3/4 letters
● َ‫ﻧَﺻَ رَ َﻛ ُر َم ﺳَ ﻣِﻊَ ﺿَ رَ بَ َﻓﺗَﺢ‬
■ ‫اﻟﻣَزِ ﯾْد ﻓِﯾﮫ‬
● َ‫أَﺳْ َﻠ َم ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم ﺟَ ﺎھَدَ ﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ َم ﺗَﻌَ َﺎونَ اِﺳْ ﺗَﻐْ ﻔَر‬
‫اﻟﻣَزِ ﯾْد ﻓِﯾﮫ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎب َﺗ ْﻔﻌِﯾل ‪Family II‬‬
‫ﻣُﻌَ ﻠﱢ ٌم‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْ ﻠِ ْﯾﻣًﺎ‬ ‫ﯾُﻌَ ﻠﱢ ُم‬ ‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم‬
‫اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫ﻣُﻌَ ﻠﱠ ٌم‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْ ﻠِ ْﯾﻣًﺎ‬ ‫ﯾُﻌَ ﻠﱠ ُم‬ ‫ُﻋﻠﱢ َم‬

‫اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

‫ﻣُﻌَ ﻠﱠ ٌم‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗُﻌَ ﻠﱢ ْم‬ ‫ﻋَ ﻠﱢ ْم‬

‫اﺳم ظرف‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر‬
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫بدل‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ﺗَﺳْ ِﺑ ْﯾ ٌﺢ‬
‫❖‬ ‫بشر‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ﺳَ ﺟﱠ رْ تُ‬
‫❖‬ ‫كذب‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ﻧُﻌَ ﻠﱢ ُم‬
‫❖‬ ‫عذب‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ُﻣ َﻘ ﱢد َﻣﺗَﺎ ِن‬
‫❖‬ ‫صدق‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ُﺗﻛ ََِذﺑَﺎ ِن‬
 Implications of the Family
❖ The Words from this family are generally ‫ُﻣﺗَﻌَ دّي‬
➢ Action fall on someone else
❖ The action is repetitive and is taking place over
a long period of time
➢ E.g. ‫ ﻧَزﱠ َل‬means to reveal gradually and repetitively over
time.
❖ Can also imply hyperbole in some cases.
➢ E.g. word ‫ َﻗ ﱠﺗ َل‬means to massacre, But ‫ َﻗ َﺗ َل‬simply means
to kill.
 ‫ﺑﺎب ُﻣﻔَﺎﻋَ ﻠَﺔ ‪Family III‬‬
‫ِﺟﮭَﺎدًا َو ﻣُﺟَ ﺎھَدَ ًة ﻣُﺟَ ﺎ ِھ ٌد‬ ‫ﯾُﺟَ ﺎ ِھ ُد‬ ‫ﺟَ ﺎھَدَ‬
‫اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫ِﺟﮭَﺎدًا َو ﻣُﺟَ ﺎھَدَ ًة ﻣُﺟَ ﺎ َھ ٌد‬ ‫ﯾُﺟَ ﺎ َھ ُد‬ ‫ﺟ ُْوھِدَ‬

‫اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

‫ﻣُﺟَ ﺎ َھ ٌد‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗُﺟَ ﺎھِدْ‬ ‫ﺟَ ﺎھِدْ‬

‫اﺳم ظرف‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر‬
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫قتل‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ﻓِرَ اﻗَﺎ ِن‬
‫❖‬ ‫نفق‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ك‬‫ُﻣﺑَﺎرَ ٌ‬
‫❖‬ ‫هجر‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ﻧَﺎ ِﻓﻘِﻲ‬
‫❖‬ ‫عقب‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ُﻣﻧَﺎ ِﻓﻘ ُْونَ‬
‫❖‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻣُﺳَ ﺎﻓِرَ ا ٍ‬
 Implications of the Family
❖ The action is directed from one individual/party
towards another individual/party.
➢ E.g. َ‫ ﺟَ ﺎھَد‬involve 2 party
 ‫ﺑﺎب إﻓْﻌَ ﺎل ‪Family IV‬‬
‫ﻣُﺧْ ِﺑ ٌر‬ ‫اِﺧْ ﺑَﺎرً ا‬ ‫ﯾُﺧْ ِﺑ ُر‬ ‫أَﺧْ ﺑَرَ‬
‫اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫ﻣُﺧْ َﺑ ٌر‬ ‫اِﺧْ ﺑَﺎرً ا‬ ‫ﯾُﺧْ َﺑ ُر‬ ‫أ ُﺧْ ﺑِرَ‬

‫اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

‫ﻣُﺧْ َﺑ ٌر‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗُﺧْ ﺑِرْ‬ ‫أَﺧْ ﺑِرْ‬

‫اﺳم ظرف‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر‬
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫خرج‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ﻣُﻌْ رِ ﺿ ُْونَ‬
‫❖‬ ‫رسل‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ُﺗﻔْﺳِ ِدﯾْنَ‬
‫❖‬ ‫سلم‬ ‫❖‬ ‫أَ ْﻓﻠَﺢَ‬
‫❖‬ ‫شرك‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ﻻ ُﺗﻧْزِ ل‬
‫❖‬ ‫صلح‬ ‫❖‬ ‫أَ ْﻧﻔِقْ‬
 Implications of the Family
❖ The Words from this family are generally ‫ُﻣﺗَﻌَ دّي‬
➢ Action fall on someone else
❖ The action was completed immediately and all
at once.
➢ E.g. ‫ أَﻧْزَ َل‬means to send something down immediately
and at once.
❖ We can transform Lazim to Mutaaddi by this Bab
➢ E.g. ‫ أدﺧل‬- ‫دﺧل‬ .‫ أﻧزل‬- ‫ﻧزل‬ .‫ أﺧرج‬- ‫ﺧرج‬
 ‫ﺑﺎب َﺗ َﻔﻌﱡل ‪Family V‬‬
‫ُﻣﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱢ ٌم‬ ‫ﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱡﻣًﺎ‬ ‫َﯾﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ ُم‬ ‫ﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ َم‬
‫اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫ُﻣﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ ٌم‬ ‫ﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱡﻣًﺎ‬ ‫ُﯾﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ ُم‬ ‫ُﺗ ُﻌﻠﱢ َم‬

‫اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

‫ُﻣﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ ٌم‬ ‫ﻻ َﺗﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ ْم‬ ‫ﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ ْم‬

‫اﺳم ظرف‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر‬
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫فكر‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺗ َﻛﻠﱢﻣُونَ‬
‫❖‬ ‫ذكر‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ُﻣﺗَطَ ﮭﱢرَ ﺗَﺎ ِن‬
‫❖‬ ‫وكل‬ ‫❖‬ ‫َﺗﻔَرﱠ ﻗُوا‬
‫❖‬ ‫بين‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ﻻ َﺗﺗَزَ وﱠ خْ‬
‫❖‬ ‫ربص‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺗﺄ َﺧﱠ رَ اتٌ‬
 Implications of the Family
❖ The Words from this family are generally ‫ﻻزم‬
➢ Action fall on himself
❖ The action took effort to complete. (take time)
➢ E.g. ‫ ﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ َم‬means to learn, which is ‫ & ﻻزم‬takes long time
and effort.
❖ In fil mudari conjugation sometime 2 ‫ ت‬comes together. So
in that case sometime Arab remove 1 ‫ت‬
➢ E.g. ‫ ﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ ُم‬- ‫َﺗﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ ُم‬
 ‫ﺑﺎب َﺗﻔَﺎﻋُل ‪Family VI‬‬
‫ُﻣﺗَﺳَ ﺎ ِء ٌل‬ ‫ﺗَﺳَ ﺎء ًُﻻ‬ ‫َﯾﺗَﺳَ ﺎ َء ُل‬ ‫ﺗَﺳَ ﺎ َء َل‬
‫اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫ُﻣﺗَﺳَ ﺎ َء ٌل‬ ‫ﺗَﺳَ ﺎء ًُﻻ‬ ‫ُﯾﺗَﺳَ ﺎ َء ُل‬ ‫ُﺗﺳ ُْو ِء َل‬

‫اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

‫ُﻣﺗَﺳَ ﺎ َء ٌل‬ ‫ﻻ َﺗﺗَﺳَ ﺎ َء ْل‬ ‫ﺗَﺳَ ﺎ َء ْل‬

‫اﺳم ظرف‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر‬
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫برك‬
‫❖‬ ‫عرف‬
‫❖‬ ‫نفس‬
‫❖‬ ‫شور‬
‫❖‬ ‫حسد‬
 Implications of the Family
❖ Action took place between two parties.
➢ E.g.
■ ‫ ﺗَﺳَ ﺎ َء َل‬means to ask one another.
■ ‫َﻼو َم‬
َ ‫ ﺗ‬means to blame one another.
■ َ‫ ﺗَﻌَ َﺎون‬means to cooperate with each other.
❖ In fil mudari conjugation sometime 2 ‫ ت‬comes together. So
in that case sometime Arab remove 1 ‫ت‬
 ‫ﺑﺎب ِا ْﻧﻔِﻌَ ﺎل ‪Family VII‬‬
‫ُﻣ ْﻧﻛَﺳِ ٌر‬ ‫ِا ْﻧﻛِﺳَ ﺎرً ا‬ ‫َﯾ ْﻧﻛَﺳِ ُر‬ ‫ِا ْﻧﻛَﺳَ رَ‬
‫اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬

‫اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

‫ُﻣ ْﻧﻛَﺳَ ٌر‬ ‫ﻻ َﺗ ْﻧﻛَﺳِ رْ‬ ‫ِا ْﻧﻛَﺳِ رْ‬

‫اﺳم ظرف‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر‬
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫قلب‬
‫❖‬ ‫فطر‬
‫❖‬ ‫صرف‬
‫❖‬ ‫طلق‬
‫❖‬ ‫فصل‬
 Implications of the Family
❖ The Words from this family are Always ‫ﻻزم‬
➢ Action fall on himself
➢ English translation of words from this family sound
passive.
➢ E.g. َ‫ ِا ْﻧ َﻘﻠَب‬means to be turned around. (seems Passive)
❖ Also we can make a ‫ ُﻣﺗَﻌَ دّي‬verb ‫ﻻزم‬
➢ ُ‫ ِا ْﻧﻛَﺳَ رَ اﻟﻛ ُْوب‬-------- َ‫ﻛَﺳَ رْ تُ اﻟﻛ ُْوب‬
➢ ُ‫ ِا ْﻧ َﻔﺗَﺢَ اﻟﺑَﺎب‬--------- َ‫َﻓﺗَﺣْ تُ اﻟﺑَﺎب‬
 ‫ﺑﺎب ِا ْﻓﺗِﻌَ ﺎل ‪Family VIII‬‬
‫ُﻣ ْﻘﺗَرِ بٌ‬ ‫ِا ْﻗﺗِرَ اﺑًﺎ‬ ‫َﯾ ْﻘﺗَرِ بُ‬ ‫ِا ْﻗﺗَرَ بَ‬
‫اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫ُﻣ ْﻘﺗَرَ بٌ‬ ‫ِا ْﻗﺗِرَ اﺑًﺎ‬ ‫ُﯾ ْﻘﺗَرَ بُ‬ ‫ا ُ ْﻗﺗُرِ بَ‬
‫اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

‫ُﻣ ْﻘﺗَرَ بٌ‬ ‫ﻻ َﺗ ْﻘﺗَرِ بْ‬ ‫ِا ْﻗﺗَرِ بْ‬

‫اﺳم ظرف‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر‬
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫خلف‬
‫❖‬ ‫جهد‬
‫❖‬ ‫نشر‬
‫❖‬ ‫سمع‬
‫❖‬ ‫نصر‬
 Implications of the Family
❖ The Words from this family are mostly ‫ﻻزم‬
➢ Action fall on himself
❖ It can sometimes imply hyperbole.
➢ E.g. The word َ‫ ﺳَ ﻣِﻊ‬means to hear, whereas the word
َ‫ اِﺳْ َﺗﻣَﻊ‬means to listen carefully.
❖ If we find ْ‫ اِن‬in any word
■ If next harf is ‫ ت‬- bab VIII
■ If next harf is anything else - bab VII
 Some Changes in this Family
❖ If ‫ ف‬kalima is ‫ د ذ ز‬then ‫ ت‬is changed to ‫د‬
➢ In case of ‫ د‬in ‫ ف‬- changed ‫ د‬always remain
■ ‫د خ ل ← اِدْ ﺗَﺧَ َل ← اِدْ دَ ﺧَ َل ← ِادﱠﺧَ َل‬
➢ In case of ‫ ز‬- changed ‫ د‬again can be changed into ‫ز‬
■ َ‫ز ج ر ← اِزْ ﺗَﺟَ رَ ← اِزْ دَ ﺟَ رَ ← اِزْ زَ ﺟَ رَ ← اِزﱠ ﺟَ ر‬
➢ In case of ‫ذ‬
■ َ‫ذ ك ر ← اِذْ َﺗﻛَرَ ← اِذْ دَ ﻛَر‬
● َ‫اِذْ دَ ﻛَرَ ← اِذْ ذَ ﻛَرَ ← ِا ﱠذﻛَر‬
● َ‫اِذْ دَ ﻛَرَ ← اِدْ دَ ﻛَرَ ← ِا ﱠدﻛَر‬
 Some Changes in this Family
❖ If ‫ ف‬kalima is ‫ ص ض ط ظ‬then ‫ ت‬is changed to ‫ ط‬then if
needed this ‫ ط‬can be further changed to ‫ ف‬kalima
itself.
■ َ‫ﺻﺑَر‬
‫ص ب ر ← اِﺻْ َﺗﺑَرَ ← اِﺻْ طَ ﺑَرَ ← اِﺻْ ﺻَ ﺑَرَ ← ِا ﱠ‬
❖ If ‫ ف‬kalima is ‫ و \ ي‬then ‫ و & ي‬is changed to ‫ ت‬then
both ‫ ت‬marged (in case of ‫ و‬changing is must & in
case of ‫ ي‬change is optional)
■ ‫و ق ي ← ا ِْو َﺗﻘَﻲَ ← ِا ْﺗ َﺗﻘَﻲَ ← ِا ﱠﺗﻘَﻰ‬
■ َ‫ي س ر ← ِاﺗﱠﺳَ ر‬
 Some Changes in this Family
❖ Only special exception of َ‫ أَﺧَ ذ‬in this Bab
➢ َ‫ِا ْاﺗَﺧَ ذَ ← ِا ْﺗﺗَﺧَ ذَ ← ِاﺗﱠﺧَ ذ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎب ِا ْﻓﻌ َِﻼل ‪Family IX‬‬
‫ﻣُﺣْ ﻣَرﱞ‬ ‫اِﺣْ ﻣِرَ ارً ا‬ ‫ﯾَﺣْ ﻣَرﱡ‬ ‫اِﺣْ ﻣَرﱠ‬
‫اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬

‫اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

‫اِﺣْ ﻣَرﱠ اِﺣْ ﻣَرﱢ اِﺣْ ﻣَرِ رْ ﻻ ﺗَﺣْ ﻣَرﱠ ﻻ ﺗَﺣْ ﻣَرﱢ ﻻ ﺗَﺣْ ﻣَرِ رْ ﻣُﺣْ ﻣَرﱞ‬
‫اﺳم ظرف‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر‬
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫خضر‬
‫❖‬ ‫صفر‬
‫❖‬ ‫بيض‬
‫❖‬ ‫سود‬
‫❖‬ ‫حمر‬
 ‫ﺑﺎب اِﺳْ ِﺗﻔْﻌَ ﺎل ‪Family X‬‬
‫ﻣُﺳْ ﺗَﻐْ ِﻔ ٌر‬ ‫اِﺳْ ﺗِﻐْ ﻔَﺎرً ا‬ ‫ﯾَﺳْ ﺗَﻐْ ِﻔ ُر‬ ‫اِﺳْ ﺗَﻐْ ﻔَرَ‬
‫اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫ﻣُﺳْ ﺗَﻐْ َﻔ ٌر‬ ‫اِﺳْ ﺗِﻐْ ﻔَﺎرً ا‬ ‫ﯾُﺳْ ﺗَﻐْ َﻔ ُر‬ ‫ا ُﺳْ ﺗُﻐْ ﻔِرَ‬
‫اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

‫ﻣُﺳْ ﺗَﻐْ َﻔ ٌر‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗَﺳْ ﺗَﻐْ ﻔِرْ‬ ‫اِﺳْ ﺗَﻐْ ﻔِرْ‬

‫اﺳم ظرف‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر‬
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫عجل‬
‫❖‬ ‫كبر‬
‫❖‬ ‫سلم‬
‫❖‬ ‫عمل‬
‫❖‬ ‫فهم‬
 Implications of the Family
❖ Usually imply wanting, seeking, or trying.
➢ ‫ ﻏﻔر‬means to forgive and َ‫ اِﺳْ ﺗَﻐْ ﻔَر‬means to seek
forgiveness.
➢ ‫ ﻧﺻر‬means to help and َ‫ اِﺳْ َﺗﻧْﺻَ ر‬means to ask for help
‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﻣُﺟَ رﱠ د‬
‫)‪ Family (Family-I‬ﻣﺟرد ‪Introduction of 6‬‬
‫َﻓﺗْﺣً ﺎ‬ ‫َﯾ ْﻔ َﺗ ُﺢ‬ ‫َﻓﺗَﺢَ‬ ‫‪َ Family‬ﻓﺗَﺢَ‬
‫ﺿَ رْ ﺑًﺎ‬ ‫ﯾَﺿْ رِ بُ‬ ‫ﺿَ رَ بَ‬ ‫‪ Family‬ﺿَ رَ بَ‬
‫ﻧَﺻْ رً ا‬ ‫ﺻ ُر‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﻧَﺻَ رَ‬ ‫‪ Family‬ﻧَﺻَ رَ‬
‫ﺳَ ﻣْ ﻌًﺎ‬ ‫ﯾَﺳْ َﻣ ُﻊ‬ ‫ﺳَ ﻣِﻊَ‬ ‫‪ Family‬ﺳَ ﻣِﻊَ‬
‫ﺣِﺳَ ﺎﺑًﺎ‬ ‫ﯾَﺣْ ﺳِ بُ‬ ‫ﺣَ ﺳِ بَ‬ ‫‪ Family‬ﺣَ ﺳِ بَ‬
‫ﻛَرَ ا َﻣ ًﺔ‬ ‫ﯾَﻛْ ُر ُم‬ ‫َﻛ ُر َم‬ ‫‪َ Family‬ﻛ ُر َم‬
 All other َ‫ ﺻِ ﯾﻎ‬of those Families
‫اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋِ ل‬ One who does the action ‫ ﻧَﺎﺻِ ٌر‬- ‫ﻓَﺎﻋِ ٌل‬
‫اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ What/who is affected by the action ‫ َﻣ ْﻧﺻُو ٌر‬- ‫َﻣ ْﻔﻌُو ٌل‬
‫ظرف‬ Time/place ‫ َﻣﻔْﻌَ َﻠ ٌﺔ‬- ‫ َﻣ ْﻔ ِﻌ ٌل‬- ‫َﻣﻔْﻌَ ٌل‬
‫آﻟﺔ‬ A tool/device ‫ ِﻣﻔْﻌَ ﺎ ٌل‬- ‫ ِﻣﻔْﻌَ َﻠ ٌﺔ‬- ‫ِﻣﻔْﻌَ ٌل‬

‫ﻣﺎض ﻣﺟﮭول‬ Past passive َ‫ ﻧُﺻِ ر‬- ‫ﻓُ ِﻌ َل‬

‫ﻣﺿﺎرع ﻣﺟﮭول‬ Present passive ‫ ُﯾﻧْﺻَ ُر‬- ‫ُﯾﻔْﻌَ ُل‬
‫ﺑَﺎب ﻧَﺻَ رَ‬
‫ﺑَﺎب ﺿَ رَ بَ‬
‫ﺑَﺎب َﻓﺗَﺢَ‬
‫ﺑَﺎب ﺳَ ﻣِﻊَ‬
‫ﺑَﺎب ﺣَ ﺳِ بَ‬
‫ﺑَﺎب َﻛ ُر َم‬
 Differences in these Families
❖ Only definitive way to differentiate between clans is to look
the word up in a dictionary.
❖ BETWEEN َ‫ ﺳَ ﻣِﻊ‬AND َ‫( ﺣَ ﺳِ ب‬Rare) THE َ‫ ﺳَ ﻣِﻊ‬FAMILY ALMOST
ALWAYS WINS.
❖ BETWEEN ُ‫ ﯾَﺿْ رِ ب‬AND ُ‫ ﯾَﺣْ ﺳِ ب‬THE َ‫( ﺿَ رَ ب‬Frequent) FAMILY
ALMOST ALWAYS WINS.
❖ BETWEEN ‫ﺻ ُر‬ ُ ‫ َﯾ ْﻧ‬AND ‫( ﯾَﻛْ ُر ُم‬Rare) THE, َ‫ ﻧَﺻَ ر‬FAMILY
ALMOST ALWAYS WINS.
Other Special َ‫ ﺻِ ﯾﻎ‬of those Families
Irregularities
in Sarf
Irregularities in Sarf
Irregular Sarf
‫َﻣ ْﮭﻣُوز‬
 ‫ﻣﮭﻤﻮز‬
❖ The ‫ ء‬Complication. If ‫ أ‬comes in any root letter
❖ Type:
● َ‫ أَﻣَرَ أَ َﻛ َل أَﺧَ ذ‬- ‫َﻣ ْﮭﻣُوز ف‬
● ‫ ﺳَ ﺄ َ َل رَ أَى‬- ‫َﻣ ْﮭﻣُوز ع‬
● ‫ ﻗَرَ َء‬- ‫َﻣ ْﮭﻣُوز ل‬
❖ Commonly occur in - ‫ ن ض س ك‬IV, VIII
❖ Majority of Change occurs in ‫َﻣ ْﮭﻣُوز ف‬
❖ Rule of ‫ ﺗَﺧْ ِﻔﯾْف‬Applied here
■ ‫ أ‬can be changed into ‫ا و ي‬
■ ‫ أ‬can be removed
 ‫ﻣﮭﻤﻮز‬
❖ The Changes - in Muzarrad Family
➢ ‫ ء م ن‬in (‫ )س‬- to be safe/secure
■ َ‫ أَﻣِن‬- No Change in Madi
■ ُ‫ َﯾﺄْﻣَن‬- only Change will occur in ‫أﻧَﺎ‬
● ُ‫أَ ْأﻣَنُ ← آﻣَن‬
❖ The Changes - in Mazid fi Family
➢ ‫ أ خ ذ‬in Family III - to blame (Only Change in Writing)
● ‫ إﺧَ ﺎذًا \ ﻣ َُؤاﺧَ ذَ ًة‬- ‫ﯾ َُؤ ِﺧ ُذ‬ - َ‫آﺧَ ذَ \ءاﺧذ‬
 ‫ﻣﮭﻤﻮز‬
❖ The Change in Family IV (َ‫ )أَﻓْﻌَ ل‬- Root ‫ء م ن‬
➢ َ‫ أَ ْأﻣَنَ ← آﻣَن‬- No other change in Madi conjugation
➢ ُ‫ ُﯾﺄْﻣِنُ ← ﯾ ُْؤﻣِن‬- Only change will occur in ‫أﻧَﺎ‬
■ ُ‫أ ُ ْأﻣِنُ ← أ ُوﻣِن‬
➢ ‫ إِ ْأﻣَﺎﻧًﺎ ← إِﯾﻣَﺎﻧًﺎ‬- Masdar
❖ The Change in Family VIII (َ‫ ) ِا ْﻓﺗَﻌَ ل‬- Root ‫أ خ ذ‬
➢ َ‫ ِا ْأﺗَﺧَ ذَ ← إِﺗﱠﺧَ ذ‬- No other change in Madi conjugation
➢ ‫ َﯾﺄْ َﺗ ِﺧ ُذ ← َﯾ ﱠﺗ ِﺧ ُذ‬- No other change in Mudari conjugation
‫ﻣﮭﻤﻮز‬
‫ﻣﮭﻤﻮز‬
‫ﻣﮭﻤﻮز‬
‫ﻣﮭﻤﻮز‬
Irregular Sarf
‫ﻣُﺿَ ﺎﻋَ ف‬
 ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬
❖ If same letter comes in ‫ع & ل‬
➢ E.g. ‫ م س س‬- ‫ ف ر ر‬- ‫د ع ع‬
❖ Commonly occur in - ‫ ن ض س‬mainly and
sometime ‫ك‬
➢ Also all Mazid Fi Abwab
 ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬
❖ Rule of ‫ اِدْ ﻏَ ﺎم‬Applied here -
➢ When 2 same letter comes together they are marged
■ When 1st letter is Sakin & 2nd one has harakat then
in writing only 1 haraf is written with Shaddah
■ If both letter has harakat then harakat of 1st letter is
removed and made into sakin by -
● Transferring the harakat to previous haraf if that
has sakin
● Or forcefully remove
 ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬
❖ Changes occur in conjugation
➢ In Madi - ‫ ادﻏﺎم‬occur in 1st 5 Sigah
➢ In mudari - ‫ ادﻏﺎم‬occur in all sigah except & ّ‫ھن‬
ّ‫أﻧﺗن‬
 ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬
‫)س( ‪ in‬م س س‬ ‫)ض( ‪ in‬ف ر ر‬ ‫)ن( ‪ in‬د ع ع‬ ‫& ‪Root‬‬
‫‪Family‬‬

‫ﻣَﺳِ سَ ← ﻣَﺳْ سَ‬ ‫ﻓَرَ رَ ← ﻓَرْ رَ‬ ‫دَ ﻋَ ﻊَ ← دَ ﻋْ ﻊَ‬

‫‪Madi‬‬
‫← ﻣَسﱠ‬ ‫← ﻓَرﱠ‬ ‫← دَ عﱠ‬

‫ﯾَﻣْ ﺳَ سُ ←‬ ‫ﯾَدْ ُﻋ ُﻊ ← َﯾدُﻋْ ُﻊ َﯾﻔْرِ ُر ← َﯾﻔِرْ ُر‬

‫‪Mudari‬‬
‫َﯾﻣَﺳْ سُ ← َﯾﻣَسﱡ‬ ‫← َﯾﻔِرﱡ‬ ‫← َﯾدُعﱡ‬
 ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬
‫‪❖ E.g. In Mazid Fi‬‬
‫‪ in Family IV‬ح ب ب ➢‬
‫‪ /‬ﯾُﺣْ ﺑِبُ ← ُﯾﺣِبﱡ ■‬ ‫أﺣْ ﺑَبَ ← أﺣَ بﱠ‬
‫‪ in Family II‬ح ب ب ➢‬
‫‪ NO CHANGE‬ﺣَ ﺑﱠبَ ‪ /‬ﯾُﺣَ ﺑﱢبُ ■‬
‫‪ in Family III‬ح ب ب ➢‬
‫ﺣَ ﺎﺑَبَ ← ﺣَ ﺎبﱠ ‪ /‬ﯾُﺣَ ﺎﺑِبُ ← ﯾُﺣَ ﺎبﱡ ■‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬
 ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬
‫‪Light‬‬
‫ﯾُﺳِ رﱠ‬
‫‪Lightest‬‬
‫ﯾُﺳْ رِ رْ‬
‫ﯾُﺳِ رﱠ‬
‫ﯾُﺳِ رﱢ‬
 ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬
‫‪Light -‬‬ ‫ﯾُﺳِ رﱠ‬

‫‪Lightest -‬‬ ‫\ ﯾُﺳِ رﱢ‬ ‫ﯾُﺳِ رﱠ‬ ‫\‬ ‫ﯾُﺳْ رِ رْ‬

‫أﺳِ رﱡ ْوا‬ ‫أَﺳِ رﱠ ا‬ ‫أَﺳِ رﱠ أَﺳِ رﱢ أَﺳْ رِ رْ‬

‫أَﺳْ رِ رْ نَ‬ ‫أَﺳِ رﱠ ا‬ ‫أَﺳِ رﱢ يْ‬

‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬
Irregular Sarf
‫ِﻣﺛَﺎل‬
 ‫ ِﻣﺜَﺎل‬/ ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟﻔَﺎء‬
❖ If Harf illit (‫ )ا و ي‬comes in ‫ ف‬Kalima then its called ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬
❖ Type:
■ ‫ ِﻣﺛَﺎل واوي‬- e.g. ‫( وع د و ذ ر و ر ث‬Most Change)
■ ‫ ِﻣﺛَﺎل ﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬- e.g. ‫( ي ء س ي س ر‬Rarely Change)
❖ Commonly occurs in - ‫( ض ف ح ك س‬Never in ‫)ن‬
➢ In mazid Fi it can come in all bab except Family VII &
only change occurs in Family VIII
❖ Rule of ‫ ﺗَﻌْ ﻠِﯾل‬Applied here
➢ Changing of 1 Harf illat to another one or removing the
harf illat.
 ‫ِﻣﺜَﺎل واوي‬
❖ Changes mostly comes in Fil Mudari Maruf
➢ The ‫ و‬is completely removed in mudari ‫ﺣَ زَ ف‬

‫ و ر ث‬in (‫)ح‬ ‫ و ذ ر‬in (‫)ف‬ ‫ و ع د‬in (‫)ض‬ Root &

Family

َ‫َورِ ث‬ َ‫َوذَ ر‬ َ‫َوﻋَ د‬ Madi

ُ‫ﯾ َْورِ ثُ ← ﯾَرِ ث‬ ‫ﯾ َْوذَ ُر ← ﯾَذَ ُر‬ ‫ﯾ َْوﻋِ ُد ← َﯾ ِﻌ ُد‬ Mudari

 ‫ِﻣﺜَﺎل‬
‫❖‬ ‫)ت ‪ is changed into‬و( ‪ in Family VIII‬و ح د‬
‫ا ِْوﺗَﺣَ دَ ← ِا ْﺗﺗَﺣَ دَ ← ِاﺗﱠﺣَ دَ ■‬
‫ﯾ َْو َﺗ ِﺣ ُد ← َﯾ ْﺗ َﺗ ِﺣ ُد ← َﯾ ﱠﺗ ِﺣ ُد ■‬
‫)ي ‪ in Family IV (Misal‬ي ق ن ❖‬
‫)‪ (No Change‬أَ ْﯾﻘَنَ ■‬
‫ُﯾ ْﯾﻘِنُ ← ﯾ ُْوﻗِنُ ■‬
‫ِﻣﺜَﺎل‬
‫ِﻣﺜَﺎل‬
‫ِﻣﺜَﺎل‬
‫ِﻣﺜَﺎل‬
‫ِﻣﺜَﺎل‬
Irregular Sarf
‫أَﺟْ َوف‬
 ‫ أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬/ ِ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦ‬
❖ If Harf illit (‫ )ا و ي‬comes in ‫ ع‬Kalima then its called ‫أﺟوف‬
❖ Type:
■ ‫ أﺟوف واوي‬- e.g. ٠(‫ق و ل )ن(*** خ و ف )س‬
■ ‫ أﺟوف ﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬- e.g. ٠(‫ب ي غ )ض( س ي ء )س‬
➢ Commonly occurs in - ‫ن‬
➢ In mazid Fi
■ ‫ أﺟوف واوي‬- Has very minimal change
■ ‫ أﺟوف ﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬- Family IV, VII, VIII, X (most Change)
 ‫ أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬/ ِ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦ‬
❖ Rule of ‫ ﺗَﻌْ ﻠِﯾل‬Applied here
➢ Changing of 1 Harf illat to another one or removing the
harf illat.
➢ If Harf illat has Harakat and Previous Harf has Fatha
then Harf illat is changed to ‫ا‬
➢ If harf illat has Harakat & previous harf has Sakin then
transfer the Harakat to the Sakin harf & change the harf
illat according to Harakat.
 ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦِ ‪ /‬أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬
‫ق و ل )ن( ‪❖ E.g. ٠‬‬
‫ﻗ ََو َل ← ﻗَﺎ َل ●‬
‫ا ‪ is changed to‬و ‪◆ In Madi 1st 5 sigah‬‬
‫‪◆ From 6th sigah‬‬
‫ﻗ ََوﻟْنَ ← ﻗَﺎﻟْنَ ← َﻗﻠْنَ ← ﻗُﻠْنَ ■‬
‫َﯾﻘْوُ ُل ← َﯾﻘ ُْو ُل ●‬
‫‪ are exception‬ھُنﱠ & أ ْﻧﺗُنﱠ ‪◆ In Mudari‬‬
‫َﯾﻘْوُ ﻟْنَ ← َﯾﻘ ُْوﻟْنَ ← َﯾﻘُﻠْنَ ■‬
 ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦِ ‪ /‬أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬
‫خ و ف )س( ‪❖ E.g. ٠‬‬
‫ﺧَ وِ فَ ← ﺧَ ﺎفَ ●‬
‫ﯾَﺧْ َوفُ ← ﯾَﺧَ ْوفُ ← ﯾَﺧَ ﺎفُ ●‬
‫ب ي ع )ض( ‪❖ E.g. ٠‬‬
‫َﯾ ْﺑ ِﯾ ُﻊ ← َﯾ ِﺑ ْﯾ ُﻊ ●‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫َﺑﯾَﻊَ ← ﺑَﺎعَ‬
‫‪ in family IV‬ر و د ‪❖ In Mazid Fi - E.g.‬‬
‫أَرْ َودَ ← أَرَ ْودَ ← أَرَ ادَ ●‬
‫ﯾُرْ وِ ُد ← ﯾُرِ ْو ُد ← ﯾُرِ ْﯾ ُد ●‬
‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦِ ‪ /‬أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬
‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦِ ‪ /‬أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬
 ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦِ ‪ /‬أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬
‫‪Light -‬‬‫ُﯾﻘِﯾ ُم ‪ُ -‬ﯾ ِﻘ ْﯾ َم‬
‫ُﯾﻘِﯾ ُم ‪ُ -‬ﯾ ِﻘ ْﯾ ْم ‪ُ -‬ﯾ ِﻘ ْم ‪Lightest -‬‬
‫أ ْﻗ ِﯾ ْم ‪ -‬أ ِﻗ ْﯾ ْم ‪ -‬أ ِﻗ ْم ‪Command -‬‬

‫‪Masdar -‬‬ ‫إﺳْ َﻠﻣًﺎ ‪ -‬إﻗَﺎ َﻣ ًﺔ‬

‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦِ ‪ /‬أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬
‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦِ ‪ /‬أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬
 ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦِ ‪ /‬أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬
‫‪Family I‬‬

‫ق و ل )ن(‪٠‬‬
‫َﯾﻘُو ُل‬ ‫ﻗَﺎ َل‬
‫خ و ف )س( ‪٠‬‬
‫ﯾَﺧَ ﺎفُ‬ ‫ﺧَ ﺎفَ‬
‫ب ي ع )ض( ‪٠‬‬
‫َﯾﺑِﯾ ُﻊ‬ ‫ﺑَﺎعَ‬
‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦِ ‪ /‬أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬
 ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦِ ‪ /‬أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬
‫‪Lightest‬‬
‫َﯾﻘ ُْو ْل‬
‫َﯾﻘُ ْل‬
‫‪Command‬‬
‫ﻗُ ْل‬
 ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟ َﻌﯿْﻦِ ‪ /‬أَﺟْ ﻮَف‬
‫‪Ism‬‬
‫‪Ism Fail‬‬ ‫‪Root‬‬
‫‪Mafuul‬‬

‫َﻣﻘُو ٌل‬ ‫ﻗَﺎ ِء ٌل‬ ‫ﻗَﺎ َل‬

‫َﻣﺧُوفٌ‬ ‫ﺧَ ﺎءِفٌ‬ ‫ﺧَ ﺎفَ‬
‫َﻣﺑِﯾ ٌﻊ‬ ‫ﺑَﺎ ِء ٌع‬ ‫ﺑَﺎعَ‬
Irregular Sarf
‫َﻧﻘِص‬
 ‫ ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬/ ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟﻼم‬
❖ If Harf illit (‫ )ا و ي‬comes in ‫ ل‬Kalima then its
called ‫َﻧﻘِص‬
❖ Type:
➢ ‫ َﻧﻘِص واوي‬- e.g. ٠(‫ر ع و )ن(*** ر ض و )س‬
■ Whenever ‫ َﻧﻘِص واوي‬comes in (‫ )س‬its transform
into (‫ )س‬of ‫َﻧﻘِصْ ﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬
➢ ‫ َﻧﻘِص ﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬-
■ e.g. ٠(‫ه د ي )ض(*** س ع ي )ف( ن س ي )س‬
 ‫ ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬/ ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟﻼم‬
❖ Rule of ‫َﻧﻘِص‬
➢ Harakat in Harf illat & previous harf has
Fatha then harf illat changed to Alif ‫( ا‬The
‫ َﻧﻘِص واوي‬in written ‫)و = ا & ي = اى‬
➢ If harf ‫ و‬has Dammah & Previous harf has
Dammah then ‫ و‬is changed to ‫ْو‬
➢ If ‫ ي‬has harakat and previous Harf has Kasra
then ‫ ي‬is changed into ْ‫ي‬
 ‫ ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬/ ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟﻼم‬
❖ Rule of ‫َﻧﻘِص‬
➢ If 2 harf illat comes together then remove the root harf
illat
■ Then if ‫ ع‬kalima has fatha then no more change
needed.
■ If ‫ ع‬kalima has other harakat then change the
harakat according to harf illat.
➢ ‫ َﻧﻘِص واوي‬in Mazid fi Always changed to ‫َﻧﻘِص ﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬
➢ Nakis in Mudari Lightest form will drop Harf illat
 ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻞﱡ اﻟﻼم ‪ /‬ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬
‫د ع و )ن( ‪❖ E.g. ٠‬‬
‫دَ ﻋَ َو ← دَ ﻋَ ﺎ ●‬
‫ﯾَدْ ﻋُوُ ← ﯾَدْ ﻋ ُْو ●‬
‫ي ‪ changed to‬ر ض و )س( ‪❖ E.g. ٠‬‬
‫ﯾَرْ ﺿَ وُ ← ﯾَرْ ﺿَ ُﻲ ← ﯾَرْ ﺿَ ٰﻰ ➢‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫رَ ﺿِ َو ← رَ ﺿِ ﻲَ‬
‫ه د ي )ض( ‪❖ E.g. ٠‬‬
‫ي ← َﯾ ْﮭدِىْ ●‬
‫َﯾ ْﮭ ِد ُ‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫ھَدَ يَ ← ھَدَ اى‬
 ‫‪ in Mazid Fi Madi‬ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬
‫ﺗَﺳَ ﺎ َء َل‬ ‫ﺗَﻌَ ﻠّ َم‬ ‫ﺟَ ﺎھَدَ‬ ‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم‬ ‫أﺧْ ﺑَرَ‬ ‫‪Family‬‬

‫لقى لقى‬ ‫ندى‬ ‫لقى نجى‬ ‫‪Root‬‬

‫ﺗ ََﻼﻗ َٰﻰ‬ ‫َﺗ َﻠﻘ ٰﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧَﺎدَ ٰى‬ ‫ﻧَﺟﱠ ٰﻰ‬ ‫أ ْﻟﻘ َٰﻰ‬ ‫‪Fil Madi‬‬

‫اِﺳْ ﺗَﻐْ ﻔَرَ‬ ‫ِا ْﻗﺗَرَ بَ‬ ‫ِا ْﻧﻛَﺳَ رَ‬ ‫‪Family‬‬

‫اِﺳْ َﺗ ْﻠﻘ َٰﻰ‬ ‫ِا ْﻟ َﺗﻘ َٰﻰ‬ ‫ِا ْﻧ َﻠﻘ َٰﻰ‬ ‫ى ‪Fil Madi‬‬ ‫لق‬
‫ ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬in Mazid Fi Madi
 ‫‪ in Mazid Fi Mudari‬ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬

‫ﯾُﻌَ ﻠﱢ ُم ﯾُﺟَ ﺎ ِھ ُد َﯾﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ ُم َﯾﺗَﺳَ ﺎ َء ُل‬ ‫ﯾُﺧْ ِﺑ ُر‬ ‫‪Family‬‬

‫َﯾ َﺗ َﻠﻘ ٰﱠﻰ َﯾﺗ ََﻼﻗ َٰﻰ‬ ‫ُﯾ َﻠﻘﱢﻲْ ﯾ َُﻼﻗِﻲْ‬ ‫ُﯾ ْﻠﻘِﻲْ‬ ‫ى ‪Fil Mudari‬‬ ‫لق‬

‫ﯾَﺳْ ﺗَﻐْ ِﻔ ُر‬ ‫َﯾ ْﻘﺗَرِ بُ‬ ‫َﯾ ْﻧﻛَﺳِ ُر‬ ‫‪Family‬‬

‫ﯾَﺳْ َﺗ ْﻠﻘِﻲْ‬ ‫َﯾ ْﻠ َﺗﻘِﻲْ‬ ‫َﯾ ْﻧ َﻠﻘِﻲْ‬ ‫ى ‪Fil Mudari‬‬ ‫لق‬

‫‪ in Mazid Fi Madi‬ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬
‫‪Family 6‬‬

‫َﯾﺗ ََﻼﻗ َْونَ‬ ‫َﯾﺗ ََﻼ َﻗﯾَﺎ ِن‬ ‫َﯾﺗ ََﻼﻗ َٰﻰ‬
‫َﯾﺗ ََﻼ َﻗﯾْنَ‬ ‫َﺗﺗ ََﻼ َﻗﯾَﺎ ِن‬ ‫َﺗﺗ ََﻼﻗ َٰﻰ‬
‫َﺗﺗ ََﻼﻗ َْونَ‬ ‫َﺗﺗ ََﻼ َﻗﯾَﺎ ِن‬ ‫َﺗﺗ ََﻼﻗ َٰﻰ‬
‫َﺗﺗ ََﻼ َﻗﯾْنَ‬ ‫َﺗﺗ ََﻼ َﻗﯾَﺎ ِن‬ ‫َﺗﺗ ََﻼ َﻗﯾْنَ‬
‫َﻧﺗ ََﻼﻗ َٰﻰ‬ ‫أَﺗ ََﻼﻗ َٰﻰ‬
 ‫ ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬in Mazid Fi Masdar
‫ ﺗَﺳْ ِﻣ َﯾ ًﺔ‬- ْ‫ ﯾُﺳَ ﻣﱢﻰ‬- ‫ﺳَ ّﻣّﻰ‬ Family II
● Family III, IV,
‫ ﻧِدَ ا ًء َو ُﻣﻧَﺎدَ ًة‬- ْ‫ ُﯾﻧَﺎدِى‬- ‫ﻧَﺎدَ ى‬ Family III
VII, VIII, X ends
with ‫اء‬ ‫ إ ْﻟﻘَﺎ ًء‬- ْ‫ ُﯾ ْﻠﻘِﻰ‬- ‫أ ْﻟﻘَﻰ‬ Family IV
● Family II, III ‫ ﺗَزَ ﱢﻛﯾًﺎ‬- ‫ َﯾﺗَزَ ﻛﱠﻰ‬- ‫ﺗَزَ ﻛﱠﻰ‬ Family V
ends with ‫ة‬
‫ َﺗﻣَﺎرِ ﯾًﺎ‬- ‫ َﯾ َﺗﻣَﺎرَ ى‬- ‫َﺗﻣَﺎرَ ى‬ Family VI
● Family V & VI
ends like ism ‫ ِا ْﻧﻠِﻘَﺎ ًء‬- ْ‫ َﯾ ْﻧ َﻠﻘِﻰ‬- ‫ِا ْﻧ َﻠﻘَﻰ‬ Family VII
Fail ‫ ِا ْﻟ ِﺗﻘَﺎ ًء‬- ْ‫ َﯾ ْﻠ َﺗﻘِﻰ‬- ‫ِا ْﻟ َﺗﻘَﻰ‬ Family VIII

‫ اِﺳْ َﺗ ْﻠﻘَﺎ ًء‬- ْ‫ ﯾَﺳْ َﺗ ْﻠﻘِﻰ‬- ‫اِﺳْ َﺗ ْﻠﻘَﻰ‬ Family X

 ‫‪ in Mazid Fi Ism Fai’l‬ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬
‫ﺳَ ّﻣّﻰ ‪ -‬ﯾُﺳَ ﻣﱢﻰْ ‪ -‬ﻣُﺳَ ﱟم‬ ‫‪Family II‬‬
‫‪ it‬ﻣُﺳْ ﻠِ ٌم ‪Like‬‬
‫ﻧَﺎدَ ى ‪ُ -‬ﯾﻧَﺎدِىْ ‪ُ -‬ﻣﻧَﺎ ٍد‬ ‫‪Family III‬‬
‫‪supposed to be‬‬
‫أ ْﻟﻘَﻰ ‪ُ -‬ﯾ ْﻠﻘِﻰْ ‪ُ -‬ﻣﻠْقٍ‬ ‫‪Family IV‬‬

‫ُﻣ ْﻠ ِﻘ ٌﻰ ← ُﻣ ْﻠ ِﻘﯾُن ←‬ ‫ك‬

‫ﺗَزَ ﻛﱠﻰ ‪َ -‬ﯾﺗَزَ ﻛﱠﻰ ‪ُ -‬ﻣﺗَزَ ﱟ‬ ‫‪Family V‬‬

‫ُﻣ ْﻠ ِﻘﯾْن ← ُﻣ ْﻠﻘِنْ ←‬ ‫َﺗﻣَﺎرَ ى ‪َ -‬ﯾ َﺗﻣَﺎرَ ى ‪ُ -‬ﻣ َﺗﻣَﺎرٍ‬ ‫‪Family VI‬‬

‫ُﻣﻠْقٍ‬ ‫ِا ْﻧ َﻠﻘَﻰ ‪َ -‬ﯾ ْﻧ َﻠﻘِﻰْ ‪ُ -‬ﻣ ْﻧﻠَقٍ‬ ‫‪Family VII‬‬

‫ِا ْﻟ َﺗﻘَﻰ ‪َ -‬ﯾ ْﻠ َﺗﻘِﻰْ ‪ُ -‬ﻣ ْﻠﺗَقٍ‬ ‫‪Family VIII‬‬

‫اِﺳْ َﺗ ْﻠﻘَﻰ ‪ -‬ﯾَﺳْ َﺗ ْﻠﻘِﻰْ ‪ -‬ﻣُﺳْ َﺗﻠْقٍ‬ ‫‪Family X‬‬

 ‫ ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬in Mazid Fi Ism Fai’l

If ‫ ال‬is added to the word the ‫ ي‬can come back - ْ‫اﻟ ُﻣﻠْقِ \ اﻟ ُﻣ ْﻠﻘِﻰ‬
If in case of making light the ‫ ي‬must come back - ْ‫ُﻣ ْﻠﻘِﻰ‬
 ‫‪ in Mazid Fi Madi Passive‬ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬
‫اِﺳْ َﺗ ْﻠﻘَﻰ‬ ‫ِا ْﻟ َﺗﻘَﻰ‬ ‫ﺗ ََﻼﻗَﻰ‬ ‫َﺗ َﻠﻘﱠﻰ‬ ‫َﻻﻗَﻰ‬ ‫َﻟﻘﱠﻰ‬ ‫أَ ْﻟﻘَﻰ‬
‫ا ُﺳْ ُﺗ ْﻠﻘِﻰَ‬ ‫ا ُ ْﻟ ُﺗﻘِﻰَ‬ ‫ُﺗﻠ ُْوﻗِﻰَ‬ ‫ُﺗﻠُﻘﱢﻰَ‬ ‫ﻟ ُْوﻗِﻰَ‬ ‫ﻟُﻘﱢﻰَ‬ ‫أ ُ ْﻟﻘِﻰَ‬
 ‫‪ in Mazid Fi Mudari Passive‬ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬
‫ﯾَﺳْ َﺗ ْﻠﻘِﻰْ‬ ‫َﯾ ْﻠ َﺗﻘِﻰْ‬ ‫َﯾﺗ ََﻼﻗَﻰ‬ ‫َﯾ َﺗ َﻠﻘﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾ َُﻼﻗِﻰْ‬ ‫ُﯾ َﻠﻘﱢﻰْ‬ ‫ُﯾ ْﻠﻘِﻰْ‬
‫ﯾُﺳْ َﺗ ْﻠﻘَﻰْ‬ ‫ُﯾ ْﻠ َﺗﻘَﻰ‬ ‫ُﯾﺗ ََﻼﻗَﻰ‬ ‫ُﯾ َﺗ َﻠﻘﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾ َُﻼﻗَﻰ‬ ‫ُﯾ َﻠﻘﱠﻰ‬ ‫ُﯾ ْﻠﻘَﻰ‬
 ‫‪ in Mazid Fi Ism Mafuul‬ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬
‫ﯾَﺳْ َﺗ ْﻠﻘِﻰْ‬ ‫َﯾ ْﻠ َﺗﻘِﻰْ‬ ‫َﯾﺗ ََﻼﻗَﻰ‬ ‫َﯾ َﺗ َﻠﻘﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾ َُﻼﻗِﻰْ‬ ‫ُﯾ َﻠﻘﱢﻰْ‬ ‫ُﯾ ْﻠﻘِﻰْ‬
‫ﻣُﺳْ َﺗﻠْﻘﻰً‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻠﺗَﻘﻰً‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺗ َﻠ ّﻘًﻰ ُﻣﺗ ََﻼﻗﻰً‬ ‫ﻣ َُﻼﻗﻰً‬ ‫ُﻣﻠَﻘﻰً‬ ‫ُﻣﻠْﻘﻰً‬
 ‫‪ in Mazid Fi Amr & Nahi‬ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬
‫َﯾ ْﮭدِىْ ‪Normal‬‬ ‫َﯾ ْﮭدِىَ ‪Light‬‬ ‫َﯾ ْﮭ ِد ‪Lightest‬‬

‫ﯾَﺳْ َﺗ ْﻠﻘِﻰْ‬ ‫َﯾ ْﻠ َﺗﻘِﻰْ‬ ‫َﯾﺗ ََﻼﻗَﻰ‬ ‫َﯾ َﺗ َﻠﻘﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾ َُﻼﻗِﻰْ‬ ‫ُﯾ َﻠﻘﱢﻰْ‬ ‫ُﯾ ْﻠﻘِﻰْ‬
‫اِﺳْ َﺗﻠْقِ‬ ‫ِا ْﻟﺗَقِ‬ ‫ﺗ ََﻼقَ‬ ‫َﺗﻠَقﱠ‬ ‫َﻻقِ‬ ‫ﻟَقﱢ‬ ‫أَﻟْقِ‬
 ‫‪ in Mujarrad‬ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬
‫‪Mafuul‬‬ ‫‪Ism Fai’l‬‬ ‫‪Masdar‬‬ ‫‪Mudari‬‬ ‫‪Madi‬‬
‫ﻣَدْ ﻋ ﱞُو‬ ‫دَ اعٍ‬ ‫ﯾَدْ ﻋ ُْو دَ ﻋْ َو ًة َو دُﻋَ ﺎ ًء‬ ‫ن دَ ﻋَ ﺎ‬
‫َﻣ ْﮭدِيﱡ‬ ‫ھَﺎ ٍد‬ ‫ھِدَ ا َﯾ ًﺔ َو ُھدًى‬ ‫ض ھَدَ ٰى َﯾ ْﮭدِىْ‬
‫َﻣﻧْﺳِ ﻲﱞ‬ ‫ﻧَﺎسٍ‬ ‫ﻧِﺳْ ﯾَﺎﻧًﺎ‬ ‫َﯾﻧْﺳَ ﻰ‬ ‫س ﻧَﺳِ ﻰَ‬
‫ﻣَطْ ﻐِﻲﱞ‬ ‫طَ ﺎغٍ‬ ‫طُﻐْ ﯾَﺎﻧًﺎ‬ ‫ف طَ ﻐَ ﻰ ﯾَطْ ﻐَ ﻰ‬
‫ ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬in Mujarrad Madi
‫ ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬in Mujarrad Mudari
‫ ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬in Mujarrad
‫ ﻧَﻘِﺺ‬in Mujarrad
Irregular Sarf
‫َﻟﻔِﯾف‬
 ‫ﻟَﻔِﯿﻒ‬
❖ If Harf illit (‫ )ا و ي‬comes in 2 root then its called ‫َﻟﻔِﯾف‬
❖ Type:
➢ ‫ َﻣ ْﻔرُوق‬- Harf illat in ‫ ف & ل‬kalima. E.g. ٠***(‫و ق ي )ض‬
■ Rule of both ‫ ِﻣﺛَﺎل & ﻧَﺎﻗِص‬applied
➢ ‫ َﻣ ْﻘرُون‬- Harf illat in ‫ ع & ل‬kalima. E.g. ٠***(‫ر و ي )ض‬
■ Only Rule of ‫ ﻧَﺎﻗِص‬applied. Rule of ‫ أﺟْ َوف‬does not
applied
❖ Mostly occur in Family (‫)ض‬
 ‫ﻟَﻔِﯿﻒ‬
‫و ق ي )ض( ‪❖ E.g. ٠‬‬
‫َوﻗَﻲَ ← َوﻗَﻲَ ← َوﻗَﺎى ●‬
‫ﯾ َْو ِﻗ ُﻲ ← َﯾ ِﻘ ُﻲ ← َﯾﻘِﻰْ ●‬
‫‪ Masdar‬وِ َﻗ َﯾ ًﺔ ●‬
‫ر و ي )ض( ‪❖ E.g. ٠‬‬
‫رَ َويَ ← رَ َواى ●‬
‫ي ← ﯾَرْ وِ ى ●‬ ‫ﯾَرْ وِ ُ‬
‫‪ masdar‬رِ َوا َﯾ ًﺔ ●‬
 ‫‪ in Mujarrad‬ﻟَﻔﯿﻒ‬
‫‪Masdar‬‬ ‫‪Mudari‬‬ ‫‪Madi‬‬
‫َو ْﻧﯾًﺎ‬ ‫َﯾﻧِﻰْ‬ ‫َوﻧَﻰ‬
‫وِ ﻗَﺎ َﯾ ًﺔ‬ ‫َﯾﻘِﻰْ‬ ‫َوﻗَﻰ‬
‫ﺣَ ﯾَﺎ ًة‬ ‫ﯾَﺣْ ﯾَﻰ‬ ‫ﺣَ ﻲﱠ‬
‫َﻛﯾﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﯾَﻛْ وِ ىْ‬ ‫ﻛ ََوى‬
 ‫ ﻟَﻔﯿﻒ‬in Mujarrad
❖ To make them into command - Just one letter
commend
● ‫َﺗﻧِﻰْ ← َﺗ ِن ← ِن‬
● ِ‫َﺗﻘِﻰْ ← ﺗَقِ ← ق‬
❖ Or commend be like
● ِ‫ﺗَﻛْ وِ ىْ ← ﺗَﻛْ وِ ← اِﻛْ و‬
‫ ﻟَﻔﯿﻒ‬in Mujarrad
‫ ﻟَﻔﯿﻒ‬in Mazid Fi
‫ُرﺑَﺎﻋﻰ‬
 ‫‪ُ Rubaiy Bab‬رﺑَﺎﻋﻰ‬
‫‪❖ Has 4 root latter & only consist of 0.1% word‬‬
‫‪❖ Type :‬‬
‫ﻣُﺟَ رﱠ د ➢‬
‫)ﻓَﻌْ َﻠ َل ‪ُ -‬ﯾﻔَﻌْ ﻠِلُ( ‪ like‬ﻓَﻌْ َﻠﻠَﺔ ‪ /‬ﻓِﻌْ َﻼل ‪■ Bab‬‬
‫َوﺳْ َوسَ ‪ -‬ﯾ َُوﺳْ وِ سُ ‪َ -‬وﺳْ َوﺳَ ًﺔ ●‬
‫زَ ﻟْزَ َل ‪ -‬ﯾُزَ ﻟْزِ ُل ‪ -‬زَ ﻟْزَ َﻟ ًﺔ ‪ /‬زِ ﻟْزَ ًاﻻ ●‬
‫دَ ﻣْدَ َم ‪ -‬ﯾُدَ ْﻣ ِد ُم ‪ -‬دَ ﻣْدَ َﻣ ًﺔ ‪ -‬ﻣُدَ ﻣْ ِد ٌم ●‬
 ‫‪ُ Rubaiy Bab‬رﺑَﺎﻋﻰ‬
‫‪❖ Type :‬‬
‫َﻣذِﯾد ﻓﯾﮫ ➢‬
‫َﺗﻔَﻌْ َﻠ َل ‪َ -‬ﯾ َﺗﻔَﻌْ َﻠ ُل ‪َ -‬ﯾﻔَﻌْ ﻠ ًُﻼ ■‬
‫ِاﻓْﻌَ َﻠ ﱠل ‪َ -‬ﯾﻔْﻌَ ﻠِ ﱡل ‪ِ -‬ا ْﻓﻌ ﱠِﻼ ًﻻ ■‬
‫اِطْ َمءَنﱠ ‪ -‬ﯾَطْ َمءِنﱡ ‪ِ /‬ا ْﻗﺷَﻌَ رﱠ ‪َ -‬ﯾ ْﻘ َﺷﻌِرﱡ ◆‬
‫ِا ْﻓ ِﻌ ْﻧ َﻠ َل ‪َ -‬ﯾﻔْﻌَ ْﻧﻠِ ُل ‪ِ -‬ا ْﻓ ِﻌﻧ َْﻼ ًﻻ ■‬