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    The Role of School As A Socialization Agent

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    Pratima Mukherjee
    The document discusses socialization and the role of schools in the socialization process. It defines socialization as the process by which infants are transformed into socialized individuals capable of interaction. Schools are identified as a key agent of socialization, where children learn roles like being students and obeying authority. Schools aim to make children socially competent by embracing social goals around sharing and cooperation. However, schools also face challenges to socialization like bullying, an overemphasis on testing, and lack of breaks for social interaction.

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    The Role of School As A Socialization Agent

    Uploaded by

    Pratima Mukherjee
    91 views6 pages
    The document discusses socialization and the role of schools in the socialization process. It defines socialization as the process by which infants are transformed into socialized individuals capable of interaction. Schools are identified as a key agent of socialization, where children learn roles like being students and obeying authority. Schools aim to make children socially competent by embracing social goals around sharing and cooperation. However, schools also face challenges to socialization like bullying, an overemphasis on testing, and lack of breaks for social interaction.

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    The Role Of School As A Socialization Agent

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    The document discusses socialization and the role of schools in the socialization process. It defines socialization as the process by which infants are transformed into socialized individuals capable of interaction. Schools are identified as a key agent of socialization, where children learn roles like being students and obeying authority. Schools aim to make children socially competent by embracing social goals around sharing and cooperation. However, schools also face challenges to socialization like bullying, an overemphasis on testing, and lack of breaks for social interaction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    91 views6 pages

    The Role of School As A Socialization Agent

    Uploaded by

    Pratima Mukherjee
    The document discusses socialization and the role of schools in the socialization process. It defines socialization as the process by which infants are transformed into socialized individuals capable of interaction. Schools are identified as a key agent of socialization, where children learn roles like being students and obeying authority. Schools aim to make children socially competent by embracing social goals around sharing and cooperation. However, schools also face challenges to socialization like bullying, an overemphasis on testing, and lack of breaks for social interaction.

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    Name -​ ​Pratima Mukherjee 
    Course - ​B.A. Programme 
    Semester - 4 ​  
    Student ID - ​201901944 
    Enrollment No. - ​19-03033 
    Roll No. - 1​ 9BAB052 
    Subject - E
    ​ ducation & Society 
    (Sociology CBCS) 
    Submitted To - ​Prof. Shareena 
    Banu 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    W​hat is Socialization?  
     
    At  birth,  the  child  possesses  only  the  potentialities  of  becoming  human. 
    Eventually  through  a  variety  of  experiences  that  he  goes  through,  he  finally 
    becomes what the sociologist calls socialized. 
     
    Socialization  is  the  process  in  which  the  newly  born  baby  is  transformed into 
    a  social  person  capable  of  interacting  with  others.  These  Interactions  include 
    several  different  kinds  of  activities  like  forming affectionate ties, carrying on a 
    conversation,  participating  as  a  member  of  many kinds of organizations such 
    as - a school classroom, a social club, a work group in a shop or office etc. 
     
    It  is  a  ​dynamic  life  long  process  ​where  the  individual  learns  the  principles, 
    values  and  symbols  of  the  social  system  in  which  he  or  she  participates  and 
    the expression of those values and norms in the roles they enact. 
     
    Socialization  is  achieved  in  different  stages  which  includes  the  oral,  anal, 
    ocedipal  and  adolscence  stage.  Each  stage  corresponds  to  a  specific  age 
    group and characteristics of development. 
     
    ● The  Oral  Stage - ​It involves the infant stage and during this stage 
    the  infant  is  not  involved  in  the  family  as  a  whole.  He  is  only 
    involved  in  the  environment  consisting  of  him  and  his  mother. 
    The  infant  builds  up fairly definite expectations about the feeding 
    time, and learns to signal his pressing needs for care. 
    ● The  Anal  Stage  -  ​It covers the period between first and third year 
    of  child's  life.  Toilet  training  is  one  of  the  main  focuses  of  this 
    stage.  During  this  stage  the  child  internalizes  two  roles-  his  own 
    and of his mother which is now clearly separate.  
    ● The  Oedipal  Stage  -  ​It  extends  from  about  the  fourth  year  to 
    puberty.  The  child  becomes  a  member  of  the  family  as  a  whole 
    during  this  stage.  The  child  identifies  itself  with  the  social  role 
    ascribed to himiher on the basis of hisker sex. 
    ● The  Adolescence  Stage  -  ​It  begins  roughly  at  puberty.  At  this 
    stage  a  young  boy  or  girl  wants  to  be  freed  from  the  control  of 
    parents. There is much greater demands for independence which 
    eventually  develops  stress  in  his  relationship  with  the  family.  By 
    the  time  maturity  is  attained  by  individuals,  a  major  part  of 
    socialization is over, though it continues for the whole of life. 
     

    A​gents of Socialization 
     
    Socialization  cannot  take  place  in  a  vacuum.  Institutions  ,  groups  and 
    Individuals  create  the  social  context  for  socialization  to  take  place.  It  is  with 
    the  help  and  support  of  these  agencies  that  we  learn  and  incorporate  the 
    values  and  norms  of  our  culture.  They  also  account  for  our  positions  in  the 
    social  structure  with  respect  to  gender,  race  and  class.  The  habits,  skills, 
    beliefs  and  standard  of  judgment  that  we  learn  in  the  socialization  process 
    enable us to become functional members of a society.  
     
    The  first  experiences  of  socialization  are  often  provided  by  the  ​Social 
    groups​.  ​Families,  and  at  a  later  stage  peer  groups,  communicate 
    expectations  and  reinforce  norms.  People  learn  to  be  introduced  to  the 
    beliefs  and  values  of  society  as  well  as  the  use  of  the  tangible  objects  of 
    material culture in these settings. 
     

    The  social  institutions  of  our  society  also  play  a  major  role  in 
    socialization.  Institutions—like  ​schools,  workplaces,  and  the 
    government​—teach  people  how  to  present  oneself  and  navigate  these 
    systems.  Other  institutions  like  for  example  the  media,  contribute  to 
    socialization by inundating us with messages about norms and expectations. 
     
     

    S​chools As An Agent Of Socialization  

    There  is  a  general  acknowledgement  that  children typically develop better in 


    a  rich  social  and  cultural  context.  Eventually,  these  contexts  known  as 
    socio-cultural  factors  have  a  huge  impact  on  the  child’s  development.  The 
    five  basic  Institutions  (family,  education,  political,  economic  and  religion)  are 
    also  included  in  these  socio-cultural  factors.  Family  is  the  initiator  of  a  child’s 
    development  in  these  institutions.  Other  than  this,  there  are  arrangements 
    such  as  that  of  school  and  other  social  activities  that  are  responsible  for 
    bringing  up  a  child.  These  institutions  help  the  child  by  teaching  them  a 
    particular culture of a particular society. 
      
    It  is  at  the  school  setting  where  the  child learns his new role as a student. For 
    example,  when  children  start  school  they  are  socialized to obey authority (i.e., 
    the teacher) and in how to be a student. 
     
    One  of  the  ​major  objectives  of  socialization  in  the  schools   is  to  make  the 
    child  ​socially  competent​.  This  ​social  competence  is  gained  when  the 
    students  embrace  and  achieve  the  socially  sanctioned  goals.  Such  goals  like 
    learning  to  share,  working  in  groups,  participating  in  lessons,  when 
    embraced,  also  serve  to  integrate the child into social groups at school. Social 
    approval  is  reached  when  the  sanctioned  goals  of  the  school  setting  are 
    accepted  and  they  are  rewarded  and  reinforced  on  a  regular  basis  through 
    social  acceptance  by  teachers  and  other  students.  Within  the  school 
    environment  a  child  must  develop  skills  that  allow  him  or  her  to  function 
    socially, emotionally, and intellectually. 
     
    Schools serve two purposes in the socialization process: 
     
    ● Manifest  Functions  ​–  the  intended  purpose  of  formal  education  is  to 
    transmit  the  appropriate  skills  and values for earning a living and being 
    a “good citizen”. 
     
    ● Latent  Functions  ​–  schooling  also  exposes  students  to  new  attitudes, 
    values,  and  points  of  view.  It  teaches  them  that the same rules apply to 
    everyone,  and  that  there  are  lasting  consequences  for  violating  those 
    rules. 
     
    ● Hidden  Curriculum  ​–  schools  introduce  cooperation,  order, 
    competition,  discipline,  and  obedience.  This  is  the  key  mantra  to 
    success  in  a  society which is dominated by cut throat competitions and 
    large organizations. 
     
    School  socialization  helps  the  growing  child  in  gaining  academic  insights  as 
    well  as  many  values  like  discipline,  resilience,  the  importance  of  punctuality, 
    cooperation,  team  work,  etc.  Schools  play  another  significant  role  with 
    regards  to  gender  socialization.  Though  the  very  first  lessons  on  gender  are 
    learnt  from  the  family  setting,  yet  it  is  at  the  school  level  that  the  child 
    comprehends  its  various  dimensions.  The  school  becomes  the  most 
    important  agency  at  this  stage.  Simultaneously  the  child  is introduced to the 
    peer group in the school and neighbourhood. 
     
     

    S​ocialization  Problems  in  Public  School  that 


    Need to be Addressed 

    These  are  certain  problems  that  restrict  or  limit  the  good  socialization 
    programs in public schools. 

    ● Bullying​- This can have a long term negative impact on children. 


    ● Too much on high-stakes testing for good socialization to take place. 
    ● Absence of students breaks or recess at many of these public schools. 
    ● Little focus on socialization due to education reforms. 
    ● Insistence on student silence for most of the day including lunch 
    breaks by some public schools. 
    ● Racial prejudice - ​This can affect how students socialize. 
    ● Children with special needs require better peer group interactions. 
    ● The public schools that do not have provisions for breaks or recess 
    harm the development of socialization skills in children. 
    ● Spending too much time online and not enough time for face-to-face 
    interactions. 

    Socialization  is  a  critical  step  and  stage  in  a  child’s  life.  How  the  students 
    socialize  and  interact  at  the  school  level  will  impact  how  they  socialize  as 
    adults.  Therefore  schools  must  provide  ample  time  for  students  to  socially 
    interact. 

    S​UMMARY AND CONCLUSION 


    The  schols  face  various  challenges  to  create  an  environment  that  helps  the 
    students  to  develop  requisite  skills  and  capacities  to  perform  in  school  and 
    even  after  completing  school.  Various  research  conducted  by  sociologists 
    suggests  that  ​there  is  a  relationship  between  the  social  and  emotional 
    conditions  for  learning,  built  environment,  and  student’s  academic  and 
    developmental  outcomes.  ​Further  in  depth  knowledge  of  this  relationship 
    would  help  improve  our  understanding  of  such  interactions  and  experiences 
    within schools that contribute the most to learning and performance. 

    Any  perseverance  of  schools as effective systems demand a holistic view of all 


    important  and  relevant  physical  attributes  of  the  built  environment  that  are 
    related  to  socialization  processes.  The  approaches  to  scrutinize  the  effect  of 
    the  built  environment  and  student  outcomes  mainly  focus  on  one  specific 
    factor  of  the  school  environment  without  much  regard  to  students’  overall 
    experience.  When  students  involve  and  interact  in  schools,  it  is  within  the 
    boundary of the whole environment and not just a single aspect.  

    School  is  a  small  miniature  society  where  children  of  different  religions, 
    different  families,  different  castes  and  economic  status  come  together  and 
    take  part  in  collective  activities  and  learn  to  adjust  to  the  society.  It  is  in  the 
    school  that  whatever  the  child  has  learnt hitherto through family, peer group 
    or community gets stabilized. 
     
    The  school  system  functions  within  the  society  and  complies  with  society’s 
    demands.  It  serves  the  purpose  of  being  a  catalyst  when  there  is  a  need  for 
    reform  and  dynamism.  At  the  same  time  it  keeps  a  check  so  that  cultural 
    values  of  a  society  do  not  get  diluted.  ​Children  who  are  deprived  of  school 
    education  therefore  will  have  only  narrow  socialization  unlike  their 
    counterparts  in  schools  who  have scope for greater interaction, exposure 
    and wider socialization. 
     
    In  all  the  ways  mentioned  above,  this  is  how,  schools  act  as  an  agent  and 
    plays  a  paramount  role  in  the  socialization  of  children  along  with  reinforcing 
    the  habits,  values,  and  norms  of  the  society  which  are  learnt  from  the  family 
    and  at  the  same  instance  exposing  them  to  new  realms  of  thoughts  and 
    deeds. 
     

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