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Movement Profile- Right Hook Boxing

Introduction
The hook in boxing is the most common punch that causes a knockout (iSport,
2011). A professional boxer throws a hook with precision and carefully executed
timing in order to inflict punishment on their opponent (iSport, 2011).
Throughout this assignment I will analysing the right hook in boxing in terms of
muscle groups, bones, origins and insertion of bones/muscles, plane and axis the
muscles or bones belong in, also analysis of technique used by the individual and
comparing it to what would be classed as ‘proper’ technique.

Phases- All phases below are from anatomical position.

All definitions of movement of the body refer back to the
anatomical position (Healthy Intentions, 2011)

(Picture from: Healthy Intentions, 2011)

Side Angle

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

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Behind Angle

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Legs Angle

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

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Full View Angle

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Phase One

Firstly with the right hook in boxing one has to think of a match situation; the right
hook is usually a finishing move and causes many knockouts (iSport, 2011).
The first move that a boxer has to make for the right hook is moving his or her arms
into a position to block the face this requires flexion of the elbow bringing the fists
towards the face.
Flexion of the elbows joints the only movement possible at this joint according to
Kreighbaum and Barthels (1996). The flexion of the elbow takes place with the
mediolateral axis along a sagittal plane (Kreighbaum and Barthels, 1996).
According to (Sports Injury Clinic, 2012) during flexion of the elbow isometric,
concentric and eccentric contractions take place within various muscles including the
Biceps Brachii (Concentric contraction) this muscle arises from the shoulder blade
and travels down the arm, crosses the elbow joint and inserts on the Radius. Its
action is to flex the elbow joint and supinate the forearm. The Biceps brachii is the
agonists within phase one.
Triceps Brachii (Eccentric contraction) from the Scapula and back surface of the
Humerus to cross the elbow and attach to the posterior Ulna the main extensor of
the elbow The triceps brachii is the antagonists within phase one.
Brachialis (Concentric Contraction) this muscle is the strongest elbow flexor when
the palm is pronated. It arises from the lower half of the front of the Humerus and
inserts on the Coronoid process of the Ulna. The Brachialis is the synergists within
phase one.
Brachioradialis (Isometric contraction) this muscle starts at the outer edge of the
lower third of the Humerus, crosses the joint and inserts at the lower end of the
Radius. Its job is to flex the elbow.The Brachioradialis is the synergists within phase
one.
Pronator Teres (Isometric contraction) action is to aid flexion of the elbow and
pronate the forearm it originates just above the medial epicondyle and inserts on the
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outer surface of the Radius. The pronator Teres is the synergists within phase one.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (Isometric contraction) action is to extend the wrist
and aid extension of the elbow. The Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis is the synergists
within phase one.

The only other visible difference within phase 1 is the knee being slightly flexed
allowing a slight bend in the legs and the lateral rotation of the legs/hip (right leg
behind, left leg in front) with the hip being a ball and socket joint (Eustice, 2007) it
allows for a wide range of movement within the body thus allowing for the rotatory
action applied within phase one these movements take place within the sagittal
plane about the frontal axis (McGinnis, 2005). Also visible is elevation of the
shoulder in which the levator scapulae and trapezius are used (Sport Injury Clinic,
2012) to allow for face protection used in boxing

According to myboxingcoach (2010) the technique used by this individual is wrong.

The first movement should be plantar flexion of the right ankle, leading to flexion of
the knee.

Phase Two

This phase is the phase that leads up to the strain before the release of the hook. A
lot of bodily changes take place within this phase starting with the most obvious; the
arm that is used for the hook is brought back via the shoulder also known as the
glenohumeral joint (Bartlett, 2007) which is also a ball and socket joint according to
Kreighbaum and Barthels (1996). The mid trapezius, rhombus and Latissimus Dorsi
are used in the arm is as it is pulled back, the stage before throwing the punch (Dale,
2011) as the elbow slightly extends concentric contraction of Triceps Brachii and
eccentric contraction of the Biceps Brachii take place.
The clear visible changes in the lower half of the body take place within the ankle,
knee and hip. Plantar flexion of the right ankle takes place which requires concentric
contraction of the Gastronemius and Soleus (Matthews, 2011).
The depression of the shoulders occur triggering the concentric contraction of the
Latissimus Dorsi and Pectoralis Major and Pactoralis Minor and the lower fibers of
the Trapezius along with eccentric contraction of the Levator Scapulae and
Subclavius, Serratus anterior (Kreighbaum and Barthels,1996)
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Phase Three

Phase three is the last and final stage were the hook is finally thrown. During this
stage the body goes through a lot of movement leading back to the anatomical
position.
The clear noticeable movement within phase three is the rotation of the shoulder and
hips which triggers a lot of muscular contractions.
The rotation of the shoulder joint starts with concentric contraction of the trapezius,
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor and Subscapularis (Inverarity, 2010)
alongside eccentric contraction of the Latissimus Dorsi and Pectoralis Major.
The hip rotation that takes place also triggers a lot of muscular contractions. There
are internal muscles that rotate the hip being the Psoas Major (Conentric), Iliacus
(Eccentric), Sartorius (Isometric), Gluteus Maximus (Concentric), Piriformis
(Concentric), Quadriceps Femoris (Isometric), Gemellus superior and inferior
(Concentric), Obturator externus and internus (Eccentric) and the Posterior Gluteus
Medius (Isometric) (Ninos, 2001). The external muscles consist of Gluteus Minimus
(Isometric), Anterior Gluteus Medius (Isometric), Tensor Fascia Lata (Eccentric),
Adductor Longus (Concentric), Adductor Brevis (Eccentric), Semimembranosus
(Isometric) and Semitendinosus (Isometric) (Ninos, 2001).

Injuries Common Within Boxing Right Hook

The right hook in boxing can cause many injuries to the body as it consists of many
body movements. Majority of injuries associated with the right hook occur within the
shoulders and arms and on very few occasions the fingers and wrists. Repetitive
punches that a boxer throws can lead to injuries of the shoulder involving muscles,
ligaments and tendons (Dixon, 2011). Injuries include frozen shoulder a condition
affecting ability to move the shoulder, and usually only occurs on one side. (Sports
Training Clinic, 2012) , Subacromial bursitis an injury that can occur during overuse
of a throwing action which is similarly used in boxing during the rotation of the
shoulder (Physio Works, 2012), Shoulder impingement a weakness or loss of
movement in the shoulder (Shoulder Paid Exercises, 2012) , Rotator cuff injury
probably the most common injury associated with the right hook in boxing due to the
rotation of the shoulder paid and spasms limit the range of movement (Wedro,
2012).
Dislocated fingers can occur due to poor technique and constant punching. Also the
wrist pain is a common injury in boxing (Wrist Pain Advice, 2012).
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Technique

The technique used by the individual here according to myboxingcoach (2010 is

wrong. Staring with the first movement of the shoulder according to myboxingcoach
(2010) the first movement should be a “significant push off the back leg that will
rotate the hips” which gives the leverage in order to throw an effective right hook.
The individual chooses to a minimal push of the back leg which minimises the
leverage needed for the right hook.
Also with the individuals stance opening his body up more he would be more open to
a counter punch to the body or face as these areas are not covered fully before
during or after the hook

Conclusion

The movements used within the right hook in boxing upon first look, look like very
basic movement. With analysis and a proper look at the movements used one can
see that a wide range of muscles are used within the right hook. It is clearly visible
that the shoulder is used a lot during the right hook with the stance, leverage and the
final hook the shoulder goes through wide range of motions. The lower half of the
body is also analysed herein look at specifically the ankle joint during the right hook
as it goes through a wide range of motions.
The analysis of the movement looks into muscular contractions and joint movements
that take place within each selected area and is looked at in detail with reference
from researchers.
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References

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Routledge. 240.

Dale, P. (2011) When Punching a Boxing Bag, What Muscles Are You Using?
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Kreignbaum, E & Barthels, M (1996). Biomechanics A Qualitative Approach For

Studying Human Movement. 4th ed. London: Allyn and Bacon. 595. Adapted from
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