DBT Goals of Skills Training

GENERAL SKILLS:
ORIENTATION AND
ANALYZING BEHAVIOR
Introduction to Handouts and Worksheets
There are two sets of handouts and worksheets in this part of the book. The first
covers Orientation, which typically takes place during the first session of a new
skills group, or when new members join an ongoing skills group. The purpose of
orientation is to introduce members to one another and to the skills trainers, and
to orient members to the format, rules, and meeting times of the particular skills
training program. As described below, General Handouts 1 through 5 cover these
issues, along with General Worksheet 1. General Handouts 6 through 8, and their
corresponding worksheets, cover two important general skills for Analyzing Behav-
ior: chain analysis and missing-links analysis. These are also described below.
Orientation
• General Handout 1: Goals of Skills Training. This handout lists the general
and the specific goals of DBT skills training. Use this handout to think how you
could personally benefit from skills training. Which areas are you most interested
in? Use General Worksheet 1: Pros and Cons of Using Skills any time you aren’t sure
whether there are benefits to practicing DBT skills. Be sure to fill out the pros and
cons for both the option of practicing skills and the option of not practicing.
• General Handout 1a: Options for Solving Any Problem. Although there are
many, many things that can cause us pain, our options for responding to pain are
limited. We can solve the problem that is causing the pain. We can try to feel better
by changing our emotional response to the pain. Or we can accept and tolerate the
5
s GENERAL SKILLS: ORIENTATION AND ANALYZING BEHAVIOR
problem and our response. Each of these options requires use of one or more DBT
skills. The final option is to stay miserable (or make things worse) and use no skills.*
• General Handout 3: Guidelines for Skills Training. This handout lists the
guidelines for most standard DBT skills programs. These are standards of behavior
that people in a group skills program are asked to follow. Some programs may have
somewhat modified guidelines.
• General Handout 4: Skills Training Assumptions. Assumptions are beliefs
that cannot be proved. In DBT skills training, all group members and skills trainers
are asked to abide by these assumptions.
• General Handout 5: Biosocial Theory. Biosocial theory is an explanation of
how and why some people find it challenging to manage their emotions and actions.
DBT skills are particularly useful for these people.
Analyzing Behavior
• General Handout 6: Overview: Analyzing Behavior. This handout previews

the two general skills for analyzing behavior—chain analysis and missing-links
analysis.
• General Handout 7: Chain Analysis. Any behavior can be understood as a
series of linked parts. These links are “chained” together because they follow each
other—one link in the chain leads to another. Chain analysis is a way of determin-
ing what has caused a behavior and what maintains it. This handout provides a
series of questions (e.g., “What happened before that? What happened next?”) for
unlocking the links in a behavior chain that can feel stuck together. It guides you
through figuring out what factors led to a problem behavior and what factors might
be making it difficult to change that behavior. Knowing this is important if you
want to change the behavior.
• General Handout 7a: Chain Analysis, Step by Step. This handout explains
in greater detail how to do a chain analysis. General Worksheet 2: Chain Analysis
of Problem Behavior is a worksheet for doing a chain analysis. Use it with Gen-
eral Handouts 7 and 7a, which have the same steps. General Worksheet 2a: Exam-
ple: Chain Analysis of Problem Behavior is a completed sample version of General
Worksheet 2.
• General Handout 8: Missing-Links Analysis. Missing-links analysis is a series
of questions to help you figure out what got in the way of behaving effectively. Use
it to identify why something did not happen that was needed and that you agreed
to do, planned to do, or hoped to do. General Worksheet 3: Missing-Links Analysis
can be used with this handout.
*This last option was suggested to me in an e-mail. Unfortunately, I simply cannot find the message so
that I can properly credit the person here. Nevertheless, it was a fabulous addition.
General Handouts
Orientation Handouts
GENERAL HANDOUT 1 (General Worksheet 1)
Goals of Skills Training
GENERAL GOAL
To learn how to change your own behaviors, emotions, and thoughts
that are linked to problems in living and are causing misery and distress.
SPECIFIC GOALS
Behaviors to Decrease:

Mindlessness; emptiness; being out of touch with self and others; judgmentalness.

Interpersonal conflict and stress; loneliness.

Absence of flexibility; difficulties with change.

Up-and-down and extreme emotions; mood-dependent behavior; difficulties in regulating
emotions.

Impulsive behaviors; acting without thinking; difficulties accepting reality as it is; willfulness;
addiction.
Skills to Increase:

Mindfulness skills.

Interpersonal effectiveness skills.

Emotion regulation skills.

Distress tolerance skills.
PERSONAL GOALS
Behaviors to Decrease:
1.
2.
3.
Skills to Increase:
1.
2.
3.
From DBT Skills Training Handouts and Worksheets, Second Edition by Marsha M. Linehan. Copyright 2015 by Marsha M. Linehan. Permission
to photocopy this handout is granted to purchasers of this book for personal use only (see copyright page for details).
9
GENERAL HANDOUT 1A
Options for Solving Any Problem
When life presents you with problems, what are your options?
1. SOLVE THE PROBLEM

Change the situation . . . or avoid, leave, or get out of the situation for good.
2. FEEL BETTER ABOUT THE PROBLEM

Change (or regulate) your emotional response to the problem.
3. TOLERATE THE PROBLEM

Accept and tolerate both the problem and your response to the problem.
4. STAY MISERABLE
Or possibly make it worse!
1. TO PROBLEM-SOLVE:
Use interpersonal effectiveness skills
Walking the Middle Path (from interpersonal effectiveness skills)
Use problem-solving skills (from emotion regulation skills)
2. TO FEEL BETTER ABOUT THE PROBLEM:

Use emotion regulation skills
3. TO TOLERATE THE PROBLEM:

Use distress tolerance and mindfulness skills
4. TO STAY MISERABLE:
Use no skills!
From DBT Skills Training Handouts and Worksheets, Second Edition by Marsha M. Linehan. Copyright 2015 by Marsha M. Linehan. Permission
to photocopy this handout is granted to purchasers of this book for personal use only (see copyright page for details).
10

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GENERAL SKILLS:

Introduction to Handouts and Worksheets

• General Handout 6: Overview: Analyzing Behavior. This handout previews

1. SOLVE THE PROBLEM

2. FEEL BETTER ABOUT THE PROBLEM

3. TOLERATE THE PROBLEM

2. TO FEEL BETTER ABOUT THE PROBLEM:

3. TO TOLERATE THE PROBLEM:

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