CHM 413 - Integral Calculus 1CHEM2

Problem Set (2nd Term)

Exercise 1: Evaluate the following integrals.

2 −4
1. ∫(𝑥 − 2𝑥)𝑥 𝑑𝑥

−2 −3
= ∫(𝑥 − 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
−1 −2
𝑥 2𝑥
= −1
− −2
+𝐶
1 1
= − 𝑥
+ 2 +𝐶
𝑥

3
2. ∫ 2𝑥 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 3𝑥 𝑥𝑑𝑥

1 1

= ∫ 2𝑥 . 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 3𝑥 . 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
3 4

= ∫ 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 3𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
5 7

2𝑥 2 3𝑥 3
= 5 − 7 +𝐶
2 3
5
9
4𝑥 2 22
= 5
− 3
+𝐶

3. ∫ 2 𝑥(𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥

1 1

= ∫ 2𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
1

= 2 ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
3 5

= 2 (∫ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 6 𝑑𝑥)
5 11
2 12
= 2( 5 𝑥2 + 11
𝑥6)
5 11
2 12
= 2( 5 𝑥2 + 11
𝑥6) +𝐶

−2 2
(𝑥+𝑥 )
4. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥

2 1
=∫ 𝑥+ 2 + 5 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

2 1
= ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 5 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
3
2 4 2
= 3
𝑥2 − 3 − 9
2
3𝑥 9𝑥 2
3
2 4 2
= 3
𝑥2 − 3 − 9 +𝐶
2
3𝑥 9𝑥 2

𝑥−2 2
5. ∫( 3 2
) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

2 4
(𝑥−2) −3 2
=∫ 2
2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 (𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4) 𝑑𝑥
3
(𝑥 )
CHM 413 - Integral Calculus 1CHEM2

2 1 4
−3 −3
= ∫ 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
5 2 1
−3
𝑥3 4𝑥 3 4𝑥
= 5 − 2 + 1 +𝐶
3 3
−3
5 2 1
3 −3
= 5
𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 +𝐶
3 3
3𝑥 𝑥 2 12
= 5
−6 𝑥 − 3 +𝐶
𝑥

Exercise 2: Evaluate the following integrals using substitution.

𝑑𝑥
1. ∫
3𝑥+2

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 3𝑥 + 2; 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 −2
=∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 3
∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 3
∫ 1 𝑑𝑢 = 3
∫𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3 𝑢 𝑢 𝑢 2

1
− 2 +1
1 𝑢
= 3
( 1 )
− 2 +1
1
− 2 +1
1 (3𝑥+2)
= 3
( 1 )
− 2 +1
2
= 3
3𝑥 + 2 + 𝐶

1
2 3 −5
2. ∫ 2𝑥 (1 − 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

3 2 𝑑𝑢
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 =− 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥; 𝑑𝑥 = 2
−3𝑥
1 1
2 3 −5 1 1 1 1 −5
= 2∫ 𝑥 (1 − 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 2∫− 1 𝑑𝑢 = 2(− 3
∫ 1 𝑑𝑢) = 2(− 3
∫𝑢 𝑑𝑢)
5 5
3𝑢 𝑢
1
− 5 +1
1 𝑢
= 2(− 3
· 1 )
− 5 +1
1
3 − 5 +1
1 (1−𝑥 )
= 2(− 3
· 1 )
− 5 +1
4
5 3
=− 6
(1 − 𝑥 ) 5 + 𝐶

20
3. ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 − 2) 𝑑𝑥

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 2; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
20
= ∫ 𝑢 (𝑢 + 2) 𝑑𝑢

21 20
= ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + 2∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
22 21 22 21
𝑢 𝑢 (𝑥−2) 2(𝑥−2)
= 22
+ 2( 21
) = 22
+ 21
22 21
(𝑥−2) 2(𝑥−2)
= 22
+ 21
+𝐶

𝑥
4. ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 𝑥+1)

3 1
3 2𝑑𝑢
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑥 + 1 , 𝑥 2 + 1; 𝑑𝑢 = 2
𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥; 𝑑𝑥 =
3 𝑥

𝑥 2𝑑𝑢
=∫ 2 .
𝑢 3 𝑥
CHM 413 - Integral Calculus 1CHEM2

2 𝑑𝑢
= 3
∫ 2
𝑢
−1
2 𝑢
= 3
[ −1 ] +𝐶
−2
= 3𝑢
+𝐶

Exercise 3:
A. Evaluate the following definite integrals.
2 3
2 3
1. ∫ 𝑥 2𝑥 − 1𝑑𝑥
1

3 2 𝑑𝑢
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 1; 𝑑𝑢 = 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥; 𝑑𝑥 = 2
6𝑥
2 1 2 1
2 3 𝑑𝑢 1 3
= ∫𝑥 · 𝑢 · 2 = 6
∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
1 6𝑥 1
4
4
1 𝑢 3
2 1 3 2
= [6 · 4
]1 = [ 8 (2𝑥 − 1) 5 ]1
3
4 4
3
= ⎡⎢
(2(2) −1) ⎤
− ⎡ (2(1)3−1) ⎤ 3 3

8 ⎥ ⎢ 8 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ 4
⎦ 4

(15) 3 −1 3
= 8
3
15 15 −1
= 8
≈ 4. 499148

1 3
𝑥 −1
2. ∫ 𝑥−1
𝑑𝑥
−1

1 2
(𝑥−1)(𝑥 +𝑥+1)
= ∫ 𝑥−1
𝑑𝑥
−1
1
2
= ∫ 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
−1
3 2
𝑥 𝑥 1
=[ 3
+ 2
+ 𝑥]−1
3 2 3 2
1 1 (−1) (−1)
= ⎡⎢ 3 + 2 + 1⎤⎥ − ⎡⎢ 3 + 2 + (− 1)⎤⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
1 1 1 1
⎡ ⎤ ⎡
= 3 + 2 +1 − − 3 + 2 −1 ⎤
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
11 5 16 8
= 6
− (− 6
)= 6
≈ 3

3
3. ∫(𝑥 + 2) 𝑥 − 1𝑑𝑥
1

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 1; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 𝑥
3 1 3 3 1

= ∫(𝑢 + 1 + 2) · 𝑢 2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑢 2 + 3𝑢 2 𝑑𝑦
1 1
5 3 5
3
𝑢2 3𝑢2 3 2(𝑥−1) 2 3
=[ 5 + 3 ]1 = [ 5
+ 2(𝑥 − 1) 2 ]1
2 2
5 5
3 3

= ⎡⎢ 5 + 2(3 − 1) 2 ⎤⎥ − ⎡⎢ 5 + 2(1 − 1) 2 ⎤⎥
2 2
2(3−1) 2(1−1)

⎣ 5
⎦ ⎣ ⎦ 5
3 3
⎡ 2(2) 2⎤ ⎡ 2
2(0)
= ⎢ 5 + 2(2) ⎥ − ⎢ 5 + 2(0) ⎥ 2⎤
2

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
8 2 28 2
= 5 + 4 2 = 5 ≈ 7. 91959

2
4. ∫ |𝑥| + 𝑥𝑑𝑥
−2
CHM 413 - Integral Calculus 1CHEM2

𝑥, 𝑥>0
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:|𝑥| = {−𝑥, 𝑥≤0
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 2𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 2
= ∫ − 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−2 0
2 1
0 2 𝑑𝑦
= 0 |−2 + ∫ 𝑢 2
0
3 3

1 𝑢2 2 (2𝑥) 2 2
=[ 2
· 3 ]0 = [ 3
]0
2
3 3

= ⎡⎢ ⎤ − ⎡ (2(0)) ⎤
(2(2)) 2 2

3 ⎥ ⎢ 3 ⎥
⎣ 3
⎦ ⎣ ⎦
42 8
= 3
− 0≈ 3

B. Find the average value of the function on the indicated interval.

2
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 𝑥 − 16 ; 𝑥 ∈ [4, 5]

2
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 𝑥 − 16 ; 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 5
2 𝑑𝑢
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 16; 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥; 2
= 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑥 = 4 −> 𝑢 = 4 − 16 = 0
2
𝑥 = 5 −> 𝑢 = 5 − 16 = 9
𝑏 𝑛+1
1 𝑛 𝑥
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ; ∫ 𝑥 = 𝑛+1
𝑎
5
1 2
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: = 5−4
∫ 3𝑥 𝑥 − 16 𝑑𝑥
4
5
2
= ∫ 3𝑥 𝑥 − 16 𝑑𝑥
4
9
𝑑𝑢
= ∫3 𝑢 · 2
0
1
+1 3
⎡9 2 − 0⎤ = 1(27) ≈ 27
=
3
[
𝑢2
]0 =
9 3
·
2
1
+1 ⎢ ⎥ 2 2 3
2 ⎣ ⎦
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 27.

C. Use the Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to find the derivatives.

3
𝑥
3 2
𝑑
1. 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2𝑡 + 1 𝑑𝑡
1

3 2
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠;
𝑢(𝑥)
3 2
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
∫ 2𝑡 + 1 𝑑𝑡
1
3 2 𝑑𝑢(𝑥)
= 2(𝑢(𝑥)) + 1 𝑑𝑥
3 3 2 3
𝑑
= 2(𝑢(𝑥 ) + 1 · 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
3 6 2
= 2𝑥 + 1 (3𝑥 )
1
2 6 2 3 6
3
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: = 3𝑥 (2𝑥 + 1) 𝑜𝑟 3𝑥 · 2𝑥 + 1

D. Find the value of C within the given interval for each of the following functions so that the
Mean Value Theorem for integrals is satisfied.
2
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 3 ; 𝑐 ∈ [0, 2]
CHM 413 - Integral Calculus 1CHEM2

2
2
∫ 𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 3 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑐) (2 − 0)
0
3 2
2
[
𝑥
3
+
8𝑥
2
− 3𝑥]0 = (𝑐2 + 8𝑐 − 3) 2
3
⎡ 2 + 4(2)2 − 3(2)⎤ − ⎡ 0 + 8(0) − 3(0)⎤ = 2𝑐2 + 16𝑐 − 6
⎢3 ⎥ ⎣3 2 ⎦
⎣ ⎦
8 2
3
+ 16 − 6 = 2𝑐 + 16𝑐 − 6
2 56
2𝑐 + 16𝑐 − 3
=0
2
3𝑐 + 24𝑐 − 28 = 0

2
−24± 24 −4(8)(−28) −24± 576+336
𝑐= 2(3)
= 6
−24±4 57 −12±2 57
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: 𝑐 = 6
≈ 3

Exercise 4.1: Find the area bounded by the given curve and the indicated axis. Provide a graph
for each item using Graph.
3 2
1. 𝑥 = 4
𝑦 − 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

2
3 2 | 𝑦3 2 |
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫ ||( 4 𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 || = |[ 4 − 3𝑦]−2|
−2
| |
| (2)3 (−2)
3
|
= |⎡⎢ 4 − 3(2)⎤⎥ − ⎡⎢ 4 − 3(− 2)⎤⎥|
|⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦|
≈ |8|→ 8
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 8 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Find the area bounded by the two curves. Provide the graph for each item using Graph.
2 3 2
1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 − 5𝑥

𝑏
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑓1 − 𝑓2 𝑔𝑥
𝑎
( )
CHM 413 - Integral Calculus 1CHEM2

𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ 𝑓1 − 𝑓2 𝑔𝑥
𝑎
( )
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 − 2 𝑡𝑜 0.
𝑆𝑜, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒
0
3 2 2
[(
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎1 = ∫ 2𝑥 − 𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 𝑥 ) ( )]𝑑𝑥
−2
0
3
(
= ∫ 2𝑥 − 8𝑥 𝑑𝑥 )
−2
4 3 4
2𝑥 8𝑥 0 𝑥 2 0
= [ 4
− 2
]−2 = [ 2
− 4𝑥 ]−2
= 0 − (8 − 16)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎1 = 8 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 0 𝑡𝑜 2.

2
2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎2 = ∫ 3𝑥 − 𝑥 [( ) − (2𝑥3 − 𝑥2 − 5𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
0
2
3
(
= ∫ − 2𝑥 + 8𝑥 𝑑𝑥 )
0
4 2 4
−2𝑥 8𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 2
=[ 4
+ 2
]0 = [ 2
+ 4𝑥 ]0
4 4
−(2) 2 −(0) 2
= ⎡⎢ 2 + 4(2) ⎤⎥ − ⎡⎢ 2 + 4(0) ⎤⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
=8−0
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎2 = 8 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2
= 8+8
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 16 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Exercise 4.2: Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving about the indicated axis or
line.
3
1. 𝑥 = 𝑦 , 𝑥 = 8, 𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑, 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒:
𝑏
𝑉 = 2π ∫ 𝑥 · 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑥, ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑎
1

𝑠𝑜, 𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 3

8 1

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑉 = 2π ∫ 𝑥 · 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
0
8 4

= 2π ∫ 𝑥 · 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
0
7
3 8
= 2π [ 7 𝑥 3 ]0
CHM 413 - Integral Calculus 1CHEM2

= 2π ·
3 ⎡8 3 − 0⎤
7 ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 7 ⎦
6π 7 6π 7
= 7
· (2 ) 3 = 7
·2
6π 786
= 7
128 = 7
π
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛
786
7
π 𝑐𝑢. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

2 2
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 ; 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑥 =− 1
𝑏
2 2
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑: 𝑉 = π ∫⎡⎢ 𝑓1(𝑥)
𝑎⎣
( ) (
− 𝑓2(𝑥) ) ⎤⎥𝑑𝑥
⎦
1
2
= π∫ [( 𝑥) − 𝑥 ( 2) 2]𝑑𝑥
0
1
4
= π∫ 𝑥 − 𝑥 ( )
0
2 5
𝑥 𝑥 1
= π⎡⎢ 2 − 5 ⎤⎥ 0
⎣ ⎦
1 1
= π⎡ 2 − 5 − 1⎤
⎣ ⎦
= π 10
5−2
( )
3π
= 10
𝑐𝑢. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛
3π
10
𝑐𝑢. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Exercise 4.3: Find the arc length of the following curves.

d.) 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 + 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡, 𝑡 ∈ [1, 4]
𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 + 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡, 𝑡 ∈ [1, 4]
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎:
𝑏
2 2
𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑡), 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑡): 𝑠 = ∫ [(𝑔'(𝑡)) + (𝑓'(𝑡)) ]𝑑𝑡. 𝑡 ∈ [𝑎, 𝑏]
𝑎
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
=− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 + (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡) = 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑥 2 2 2
( 𝑑𝑡 ) = 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑡(− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)) = 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑦 2 2
( 𝑑𝑡
) = 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
4
2 2 2 2
𝐿 = ∫ (𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡) + (𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡)𝑑𝑡
1
4
2 2 2
= ∫ 𝑡 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡)𝑑𝑡
1
4 2 2 2
2 𝑡 4 1 15
= ∫ 𝑡 (1)𝑑𝑡 = 2
=( 2
)−( 2
)= 2
1

2 θ
f.) 𝑟 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
, θ ∈ [0, π]
2 θ
𝑟 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
, θ ∈ [0, π]
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎:
𝑑
2 𝑑𝑟 2
𝑟 = 𝑝(θ), 𝑠 = ∫ 𝑟 + ( 𝑑θ ) 𝑑θ, θ ∈ [𝑐, 𝑑]
𝑐
CHM 413 - Integral Calculus 1CHEM2

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
2 4 θ
𝑟 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
𝑑𝑟 θ 1 θ
𝑑θ
= 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
(2 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
𝑑𝑟 2 2 θ
( 𝑑θ ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
π
4 θ 2 θ
𝐿 =∫ (𝑠𝑖𝑛 2) + (𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
)𝑑θ
0
π
2 θ 2 θ
=∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
(𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
+ 1)𝑑θ
0
π
𝑠𝑖𝑛θ
=∫ 2
𝑑θ
0
𝑐𝑜𝑠(π) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑜)
=− 2
− (− 2
)= 1

Exercise 5.1: Evaluate the following integrals.

2 −𝑥
1. ∫ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥

2 −𝑥 −𝑥
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑑𝑥; 𝑣 =− 𝑒

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
2 −𝑥 −𝑥
= 𝑥 (− 𝑒 ) − ∫(− 𝑒 )2𝑥𝑑𝑥

2 −𝑥 −𝑥
= 𝑥 (− 𝑒 ) − 2∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑑𝑥

−𝑥
𝐹𝑜𝑟 ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑑𝑥
−𝑥 −𝑥
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑑𝑥; 𝑣 =− 𝑒
2 −𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥
= 𝑥 (− 𝑒 ) + 2(− 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 ) + 𝐶
−𝑥 2
=− 𝑒 (𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2) + 𝐶

−1
2. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥

−1 1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥; 𝑑𝑢 = 2
𝑑𝑥; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥; 𝑣 = 𝑥
1−𝑥

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
− 1
= 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥
1−𝑥

1
𝐹𝑜𝑟: ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥
1−𝑥
2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 =− 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
− 1 𝑑𝑢
=𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − ∫ 1/2 −2𝑥
𝑢
−1𝑥 1 𝑢
= 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 2
× 1 +𝐶
2

−1 2
= 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 1 −𝑥 + 𝐶
CHM 413 - Integral Calculus 1CHEM2

2𝑥
3. ∫ 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑑𝑥

2𝑥
2𝑥 𝑒
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥; 𝑑𝑢 =− 3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑑𝑥; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 ; 𝑣 = 2

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
2𝑥 2𝑥
𝑒 𝑒
= 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 − ∫ 2
(− 3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥)𝑑𝑥

2𝑥
𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 3 2𝑥
= 2
− 2
∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑑𝑥

2𝑥 2𝑥
3 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 𝑒
= 2
( 2
) +∫ 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑑𝑥

2𝑥 2𝑥
3𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 3 2𝑥
𝐼= 4
+ 2
− 4
∫ 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑑𝑥
2𝑥
3 𝑒
𝐼+ 4
𝐼= 4
(2𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥) + 𝐶
2𝑥
4 𝑒
𝐼= 7
( 4
)(2𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥) + 𝐶
2𝑥
𝑒
= 7
(2𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥) + 𝐶

𝑒
2
4. ∫ 𝑥 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
3
1 2 𝑥
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 ; 𝑣 = 3

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
3 3
𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 3
−∫ 3 𝑥

3 2
𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑥
= 3
−∫ 3
𝑑𝑥
3 3
𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑥
= 3
− 9
+𝐶

3 3
𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑥
= 3
− 9
+𝐶
3
𝑥 1 𝑒
= 3
(𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 3
)| 1
3
𝑒 1 1 1
= 3
(𝑙𝑛𝑒 − 3
)− 3
(𝑙𝑛(1) − 3
)
3
2𝑒 +1
= 9

2
2
5. ∫ 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥
0

2 2𝑥
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1); 𝑑𝑢 = 2 𝑑𝑥; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥; 𝑣 = 𝑥
𝑥 +1

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
2 2𝑥
= 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1) − ∫ 𝑥( 2 )𝑑𝑥
𝑥 +1
2
2 𝑥
= 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1) − 2∫( 2 )𝑑𝑥
𝑥 +1
2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 1𝑡𝑎𝑛θ; 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ𝑑θ
CHM 413 - Integral Calculus 1CHEM2

2
2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ
= 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1) − 2∫ 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐θ𝑑θ
𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ𝑑θ
2
= 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1) − 2(𝑡𝑎𝑛θ − θ) + 𝐶
2 −𝑥
= 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1) − 2𝑥 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶
2 −1 2
= 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1) − 2𝑥 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑥)| 0
2 −1 2 −1
= [2𝑙𝑛((2) + 1) − 2(2) + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2)] − [0𝑙𝑛((0) + 1) − 2(0) + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 (0)]
−
= 2𝑙𝑛5 − 4 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2)

Exercise 5.2
I. Evaluate the following integrals using algebraic substitution.
3 2
1. ∫ 𝑥 9 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3 2
∫𝑥 9 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2 2 2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 9 + 𝑥 ; 𝑢 = 9 + 𝑥 ; 2𝑢𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
3 2𝑢𝑑𝑢
= ∫𝑥 2𝑥

2 2
= ∫ 𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

2 2
= ∫(𝑢 − 9)𝑢 𝑑𝑢

4 2
= ∫ 𝑢 − 9𝑢 𝑑𝑢
5 3
2
(9+𝑥 ) 2 2 2
= 5
− 3(9 + 𝑥 ) +𝐶

𝑑𝑥
2. ∫
2+ 3𝑥+2

𝑑𝑥
∫
2+ 3𝑥+2
2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 3𝑥 + 2; 𝑢 = 3𝑥 + 2; 2𝑢𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
1 2𝑢𝑑𝑢
=∫ 2+𝑢
· 3

2 𝑢
= 3
∫ 2+𝑢
𝑑𝑢

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑣 = 2 + 𝑢; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑢
2 𝑣−2
= 3
∫ 𝑣
𝑑𝑣

2 −1
= 3
∫ 1 − 2𝑣 𝑑𝑣
2
= 3
(𝑣 − 2𝑙𝑛𝑣)
2
= 3
[2 + 𝑢 − 2𝑙𝑛(2 + 𝑢)]
2
= 3
[2 + 3𝑥 + 2 − 2𝑙𝑛(2 + 3𝑥 + 2)] + 𝐶

II. Evaluate the following integrals by trigonometric substitutions.

CHM 413 - Integral Calculus 1CHEM2

𝑑𝑥
1. ∫ 2
4𝑥 +9

𝑑𝑥
∫ 2
4𝑥 +9
3 3 3 2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 2
𝑠𝑜 𝑥 = 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛θ, 𝑑𝑥 = 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ𝑑θ
2 2
𝑈𝑠𝑒: 𝑎 + 𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛θ
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
3 2
2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ𝑑θ
=∫ 2
3
4( 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛θ) +9
2
3 𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ
= 2
∫ 2
𝑑θ
9
4( 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛θ) +9
2
3 𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ
= 2
∫ 2
𝑑θ
9(𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ) +9
2
3 𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ
= 2
∫ 2 𝑑θ
3𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ
θ
= 2
+𝐶
−1 2𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 3
)
= 2
+𝐶

5 2
𝑥
2. ∫ 2 5/2 𝑑𝑥
0 (𝑥 +4)

5 2
𝑥
∫ 2 5/2 𝑑𝑥
0 (𝑥 +4)
2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 2 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛θ, 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ𝑑θ
2 2
𝑈𝑠𝑒: 𝑎 + 𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛θ
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
5 2
(2𝑡𝑎𝑛θ) 2
= ∫ 2 5/2 (2𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ𝑑θ)
0 ((2𝑡𝑎𝑛θ) +4)
5 2
(4𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ) 2
=∫ 2 5/2
(2𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ𝑑θ)
0 ((4𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ) +4)
5 2 2
(4𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ)(2𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ)
= ∫ 2 5/2
(𝑑θ)
0 ((4𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ) +4)
5 2 2
(8𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ)
= ∫ 5 5 𝑑θ
0 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑐θ)
5 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ
= ∫ 2 3
0 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ)
5
1 2
= 4
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑑θ
0
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ
5
1 2
= 4
∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
0
3
1 𝑢 5
= 4
· 3
| 0
3
𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ 5
= 12
| 0
3 −1 5 3 −1 0
𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 · 2
) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 · 2 )
= 12
− 12
5 3
( 3
)
= 12
−0
3
= 108
CHM 413 - Integral Calculus 1CHEM2