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APWH|Unit 6 Sections 6.1-6.3 “Rationales for Imperialism,” “State Expansion,” “Indigenous Responses to State
Expansion”
Directions: For each reading section define the important vocabulary words and answer the reading questions that follow using
specific details. It is imperative that you complete your readings thoughtfully and independently. Students who do not do their
reading will not do well in this course.

6.1 “Rationales for Imperialism”

Objective Key Developments

Explain how Nationalist Motives for Imperialism

ideologies 2. What characterized most of the 1800s - why are countries wanting colonies?
contributed
to the Through the rise of idnustrlization and nationalism came the need for manpower and resources, with nationalism
development coming around the bind, the idea of conquering over others for more pride to one’s nation.
of
imperialism 3. How did the following try to assert their national pride through settlement:
from 1750 to A. Britain: Anglicization of land through trade, conquest, and clerical conversion
1900.
B. France: expanded its maritime empire into Africa

C. Italy and Germany: built a smaller empire in the 1800s

D. Spain: Mixed with the local culture to form a bond similar to how the ties between Hispanic nations

E. Japan: took over Korea

Cultural and Religious Motives for Imperialism

4. Describe how science was used as proof that colonization was a right of stronger nations.

Scientists deemed that nonwhite were weaker and dumber than whites, racist science

5. Explain how Charles Darwin’s idea of selection/fittest species was used to justify imperialism.
Social Darwinism as weaker races would die out

6. How did colonizing countries force their culture on the places they took over? Give specific examples of this.

Force native to speak European languages

7. Explain how religious motives were part of the rationale for imperialism.

Violent missionary work similar to crusades

Economic Motives for Imperialism
8. How did treaties and company charters lead European powers to take over other countries? How did this
impact other nations?

Signed charters order to gain right to establish trade ports, ending with conquest

9. Describe how the following are examples of economic imperialism:

A. East India Company (EIC): angling a royal charter have a monopoly on trade
 B. Dutch East India Company: took over Indonesia

6.2 “State Expansion”

Objective Key Developments

Compare General
processes by 1. Describe the point of view of King Leopold toward imperialism based on the quote at the start of 6.2
which state
power shifted Full support support of in imperialism Cb he wanted to conquer Africa
in various Imperialism in Africa
parts of the 2. In general, summarize the relationship Europe had with Africa prior to this point.
world from Decent relationships because of slave trade
1750-1900.
3. European presence was specifically limited in Africa at first. Why did this change?
French took the land as an excuse for piracy

4. What was the significance of the Suez canal - how did they build it? How did it impact Egypt?

French took slave labor in order build the canal the saved a trip around

5. How does Britain expand its empire in West Africa? Explain.

Establishing colonies for multiple purposes

6. Summarize the presence of the French in Africa (by the way, a ‘settler colony’ is where a country sends its
people to live there permanently rather than just temporarily). Algeria became settler colony

The European Scramble for Africa

7. Explain what the ‘Scramble for Africa’ was.

Competition to colonize Africa

8. Explain what happens at the Berlin Conference - who is involved? WHO ISN’T?

European met discuss what part of Africa they should conquer, African were not invited

10. Explain what led to the Boer War conflict. Why was there tension between these groups?

Thaw British fought the Afrikaner for land

11. What was the impact or result of the Boer Wars?

British drove them for lands

12. Why was King Leopold’s rule of the Congo different or unique compared to other colonies?
Personally owned the Mpire as an estate

13. Describe Leopold’s treatment of the Congolese. What was the impact of his leadership?
Genocidal and evil maniac killed 8 million

14. By 1900 which countries were unclaimed by Europe? Why were they able to resist?
Ethiopia ND Liberia, Ethiopian strength, and Liberian tied with US

Imperialism in South Asia

15. What items do Europeans want from South Asia? How does this lead to the Seven Years’ War?
Spices, gems, trade, this led to the war became the French and births came into conflict

16. What was the role of the East India Company?

Took over Indian slowly

Imperialism in East Asia

17. China had a different experience than South Asia or Africa - describe how they were imperialized.
It maintained its own gov’t while European took over the economy

18. Describe the problems impacting the Qing government:

A. Taiping Rebellion:
Qing workers and poor pal revolted against the got and won with the help of European

B. Yellow River:
Changes course, flooding farmlands and brought famine and drought

C. Plague:
Bubonic plague broke and killed millions

D. Boxer Rebellion:
Industrialized, maintain their got and stayed out of European hands

19. Why did Japan end its isolation in 1853 - what impact did this have on the country?
Us forced japan to open trade made japan overthrow the got and made them industrialize

20. Where is Japan imperializing/setting up colonies? How could this help them successfully colonize further?
Hawaii Guam, Mexico, Latin America, east and SE Asia

Imperialism in Southeast Asia

21. Describe the impact of:
A. The Dutch in Southeast Asia:

Took control of Indonesia

B. The French in Southeast Asia:

Took over Cambodia, also, Vietnam

C. The British in Southeast Asia:

Singapore, Borneo, and Burma

D. Siam:

Industrialized maintained their got and stayed out of European hands

Australia and New Zealand

22. Why did the British decide to colonize Australia?

Wanted a prisoner colony

23. How did British rule impact Australia and New Zealand?

Produced wool in Australia and brought free settlers there

 US Imperialism in Latin America and the Pacific
24. How did the US imperialize American lands?

Took land from natives mooing west

25. How did the Monroe Doctrine give the US power in the Americas?
White Americans had believed that had right to colonize western hemisphere

26. How does Manifest Destiny connect to imperialism?

White Americans had believed that had right to colonize western hemisphere

Russian Expansion
28. Summarize the expansion of Russia - where did they go, when?

Expanded west into europium in 1815 - 1825

29. What was the Great Game - explain Russia’s role in it.

Russian and British competition for Afghanistan

6.3 “Indigenous Responses to State Expansion”

Objective Key Developments

Explain how General

and why 1. How did enlightenment ideals help leaders push against colonization?
internal and
external Made people nationalists and therefore wanted push foreigners out
factors have
influenced Nationalist Movements in the Balkans
the process of 2. Who were those in the Balkan Peninsula inspired by? Who won independence from Ottoman rule?
state building French inspired Serbia, Greece, Bosnia and herezgonia, Montero Bulgarian freedom
from 1750-
1900. Resistance and Rebellion in the Americas
3. Why was the Proclamation of 1763 significant?
Land between Appalachian and Mississippi river belongs to native

4. How did the Cherokee Nation assimilate to white settler culture?

Adopted their form of farming, weaving, and building

5. Even though they assimilated, they were negatively impacted by expansion - how?

Us settlers discovered gold native territory ND pushed them out

6. Explain Ghost Dance and how it impacted the Sioux.

That dance that is meant to bring ancestors back ND drive the white off their land
7. Who was Tupac Amara II - what was his role in refusing imperialism?

He kept his culture and revolted against the Spain

South Asian Movements
9. Who were the spays? How did they help Britain maintain their ownership of India?

Indian soldiers that the British used

10. What changed and led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, or Espy Mutiny?
British started using pig and cow fat on their bullet cartilages

11. How did Britain change its role in governing India after the mutiny?

The British took over India ruled from London

Southeast Asian Resistance

12. Which country was left independent in South Asia?

Siam

13. How did Vietnam try to resist French rule? Sieges on French capitals

14. What began the Philippine Revolution? Why were they upset and why did they expect freedom?
José rival, flag fillips that was loyal to Spain waned form

15. How did the Treaty of Paris lead to the Philippine-American War? What was the result?

Control of Philippines by US, Filipino rebellion

Resistance in Australia and New Zealand
16. Who were the Aboriginal people?

Original people in Australia

17. How was Britain using Australia and New Zealand? Describe the resistance movements that occurred in these
locations.

Britain used them as a penal colonies and settlements, but then they started taking land from natives so they
fought back

African Resistance
18. Explain what Pan-Africanism was and how it connected to resistance to imperialism.
Western educated Arians who were nationality and resisted imperialism

19. Who were the Xhosa people - why did they kill their cattle?

They were being taken over by the British’s o they killed their cattle so British might leave
20. Describe the outcome of the following:
A. Anglo-Zulu War:
British won and took south Africa

B. Savory Tore’s War:

French won and took ivory coast

C. Mahdist Revolt:
British came to Sudan and won it back during revolt

D. Yafa Asante Waa War:

Yafa asantewaa was exiled and Britain annexed Asante to gold coast
APWH|Unit 6 Sections 4 “Global Economic Development” and 5 “Economic Imperialism”
Directions: For each reading section define the important vocabulary words and answer the reading questions that follow using
specific details. It is imperative that you complete your readings thoughtfully and independently. Students who do not do their
reading will not do well in this course.

6.4 “Global Economic Development”

Objective Key Developments

Explain how General

various 1. Why were economies among the most influential of the motives behind imperialism? Explain specifically what
environmenta certain countries were looking for. GIVE EXAMPLES DO NOT JUST PUT ‘RESOURCES’.
l
l factors Counties searching for trade, resources, workers, and colonies
contributed
to the Technological Developments
development 2. Railroads
of the global A. How did the introduction of railroads impact transportation of raw materials to Europe and markets in
economy colonies? Male exporting material much faster
from
1700-1900.
B. How did Europeans use railroads to justify imperialism? Who did railroads actually help the most?

They said that they were helping colonies they established and railroads as ecidncxe

C. Cecil Rhodes
a. Who was he: de beers diamonds

b. What did he want to build: a railroad that stretched from south Africa to Cairo?

c. Why: made war prep easy and connected British empires

d. Why did it not work: britian never took control of land in which railroad would cross

3. Steamships
A. Why were they important in trade? Become practical long distance in trade

Become practical for long distance trade and trade in rivers

B. What allows them to go larger distances - what major products does this impact? Refrigeration allowed
foods not go rotten over major distances

4. Telegraph
A. Explain how the telegraph impacted communications.
Messages traveled instantly instead of overly a period of weeks or month

Agricultural Products
5. Explain the difference between subsistence farming and cash crops. Give examples of each.

Subsistence farmers grew food to eat like wheat, cash crops were things like rubber or cotton.
6. As the European middle classes grew, they demanded meat. How did this impact various forms of trade?
Made people advance technology and refrigerate

7. What is Guano? Why was it mined?

Bat and seabird poop that is really good fertilizer

Raw Materials
8. Why did imperial attention focus on tropical climates? They often had the rawest materials
9. Explain how the following materials impacted imperialism:

A. Cotton
a. Why did Britain ban these textiles from India? They competed in wool industry

b. Where did Britain start to get their cotton from? What event disrupted this? Got their cotton
from us and civil war disrupted this
.
c. Who benefited from this disruption? Indian cotton farm

B. Rubber
a. Who was Charles Goodyear and what products did he impact? Vulcanized rubber and made it
what it is today

b. Where is rubber obtained from? Describe the difficulties with this product/conditions. Tree sap
ad that if soft when hot and hard while cool

c. Explain how the British office tried to obtain more rubber. Planted forests of rubber tree in
Ceylon

C. Palm Oil
a. What was palm oil used for? Lubrications in factories

b. Where was it found? West Africa

c. How was it obtained? Slaves and prisoners extracted

D. Ivory
a. What is ivory? Why did people like it? Ivory came from elephant horns and its pretty and tough

b. What was it used for? Which came first - the scramble for colonies or for ivory? Scrambles fir
ivory

E. Minerals
a. Mexico produced: __________silver________________________.

b. Chile produced ___________copper__________, used for telegraph cables and electrical power
lines

c. Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) and the Belgian Congo produced _____cooper_______.

d. Bolivia, Nigeria, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies produced ___tin___ for food products.

e. Australia and South Africa (and West Africa and Alaska) produced large deposits of
___gold_______.

F. Diamonds
a. Who was Cecil Rhodes? What company did he form? De Beers diamonds co

b. We know his dream of building a railroad failed, but how did his role as prime minister impact
South Africa? Racism and apartheid

Global Consequences
10. How did the growth of urban populations impact nations? People need food so dinsutralize nations got richer
 11. Describe the environmental consequences of industrialization. Deforestation, monoculture, infertile soil
spread or disease

6.5 “Economic Imperialism”

Objective Key Developments

Explain how General

various 1. Explain the contextual importance of cotton and opium for Britain. British sold opium to china den forced India
economic sell cotton
factors
contributed
to the The Rise of Economic Imperialism
development 2. What was economic imperialism - what is exploited?
of the global Foreign business has great power within economy, people, raw materials, and refined materials exploited,
economy
from 1750- 3. What is the role of colonies in this type of imperialism?
1900 Produced materials be sent to mother country

Economic Imperialism in Asia

4. English defeats the Spanish Armada, meaning they have proven they have a strong navy. What does this lead
to for the British and Dutch?
They took spice trade

5. Answer the following questions about each region:

A. India:
a. Explain the challenges faced by the East India Company.
How did they become successful?

b. How did they become successful?

Monopoly on spice trade

B. Dutch East Indies:
a. Explain how the Dutch East India Company’s role changed over time

Slowly gained governmental control and forced people to work for them
C. China:
a. Why was there a lack of trade between China and Britain early on? China didn’t need brit
needed Chinese goods

b. How did the East India Company try to fix this issue?

Sold opium to china

c. What was the result of the Opium Wars? How did this ‘reveal the fate of non-industrialized
nations’?

Unindustrialized china could not qi absent industrialize Britain

d. Explain the Treaty of Nanking. What does it do and why is no one satisfied?

Required china to open their ports t foreigners and made them trade opium and other thing
6. Explain the system of spheres of influence. Who had trading rights? How did this impact China?
Britain, use, japan, frame, Germany, Russia, wanted trade right in china

Economic Imperialism in Africa

8. How did cash crops impact Africa?

 Food production decreased
9. Explain how cash crops impacted the following:
A. Egypt
a. What was their cash crop? What did it replace as a chief export?

King of cotton
B. Kenya

a. What became a major cash crop? Where else was it important?

Cocoa

10. How did slave labor stay the same or change over time in Africa?

Stayed same still used farm cash crops but differed as slave raids
Economic Imperialism in Latin America
12. What was ‘new imperialism’? How does this impact Latin America?

Imperialist aggression towers late America from us and Europe

13. Describe the role of the united states in Latin America - how did they imperialize?

Told the rest of the world stay away from Americas as their sphere of influence

17. Explain the significance of the United Fruit Company in Central America and the Caribbean.
Gained control and monopolies over to Caribbean and central America

Economic Imperialism in Hawaii

18. Explain how Hawaii is annexed by the US.

Business men went into Hawaii and overthrew monarchy so us annexed

Contextualizing Economic Imperialism
19. Explain how the industrial revolution led to economic imperialism.

Developed the need for steamships a faster transportation as well as better weapons

6.6: Economic Imperialism from 1750 to 1900

Objective Key Developments

Explain how General

various 1. A connected world has led to increased immigration - summarize the general reasons why.
environmenta
l factors
contributed
to the Factors Leading to Migration: Migration through Labor Systems
development
of varied 1. The desire for low-wage labor was high due to need for exploited natural resources. European states,
patterns of therefore, recruited new laborers to work on plantations such as:
migration ● Indian laborers migrating to ____British colonies_______________________ in the
from 1750 to ___________Caribbean, SE Africa, Fiji__________________.
1900.
● Chinese laborers migrating to ________us__________________ and British __________indentured
Explain how servants_______________ to build railroads and serve as farmhands, gardeners, and domestics.
various
economic ● Japanese laborers migrating to _____us______________________________ to work on sugar
factors did plantations.
the same
thing. 2. Why was the system of slavery declining? How were the US, Brazil, Africa, and Cuba different?

Most counties in America abolished slave trade and abolished slavery

3. Due to the decline of the slave trade, imperial countries turned to other forms of coerced labor, such as:

● ________________________Indentured_______: people working for a set number of years before

becoming free.
○ People usually became indentured for what two reasons?

Free transport toe new community for one

○ How did indentured servitude impact new lands (give examples)?
Fiji, Mauritius, and trended and Tobago

● ____________________contact laborers___________: Chinese and Indian workers used as a substitute

for slavery; often times were tricked into servitude.
○ List examples of places they were sent.
Exported to places love Trinidad, SE Asia, Caribbean, Africa

○ What were the lives of these workers like specifically (give examples) - what changed it?

Worked for substance wage and did laborers

● ________________Australia________________: where convicts were shipped from England, Scotland,

Ireland, and British colonies to perform hard labor and suffer harsh treatment.
○ What were most of their jobs like (what did they do)?
Hard labor for free settlers worked on got, got record keeping

○ Why did most of the convicts stay in Australia?

Transport back home allot

○ Australia began attracting free settlers - why and from where?

Discovered ad attracted mint Chinese

● Finch penal colonies specific to the French in Africa, New Caledonia, and French Guiana; where convicts
and political prisoners were sent.
○ What was Devil’s Island and what does it show about the conditions of penal colonies?

Factors Leading to Migration: Migration in the Face of Challenges

1. What is diaspora and what causes it during the 16th-19th centuries?

2. India
● _________Poverty___________________________ was the major reason behind Indian migration.
3. China
● When did the majority of the Chinese diaspora take place - why?
Gold rush in Australia
 ● What jobs did most Chinese migrants typically have (what were they building)
Got building

4. Ireland
● What were the political reasons leading to Irish migration?
Britain abolished the Irish parliament

● What were the environmental reasons leading to Irish migration?

Great famine

● Why did emigration continue even after the famine?

Left went to America and Australia

5. Italy
● Summarize the reasons for Italian emigration.

Poverty, harsh conditions for farmers, organized crime

Factors Leading to Migration: Migration to Settler Colonies

1. What is settler colony - what were members of the colonial service?

A settler colony is colony of people who settle in certain area. Got officials were members
2. Why was Argentina called the “Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire? Who settled there and why?

Britain invested more into Argentina than into Indiana. Businessmen, traders, bankers, beginners came to new
life

3. What was the goal of Japan’s Colonization Society? Describe how well it did or did not fulfill this goal.

Export the population of japan and they failed

Factors Leading to Migration: Migration, Transportation, and Urbanization

1. How did improvements in transportation technology impact migration? Give a specific example. Allowed those
who migrated for work to return game of cheaper, japan and Hawaii

6.7: Effects of Migration

Objective Key Developments

Explain how General

and why new 1. True or False: migration in the 19th century led to demographic changes with long-lasting results: __________.
patterns of ● Evidence:
migration
affected
society from Changes in Home Societies
1750 to 1900. 1. Migrant laborers tended to be more male than female.
● How did this impact society at home?

● How did this typically impact gender roles?

Effects of Migration on Receiving Societies
1. What were ‘ethnic enclaves’ and why did immigrants create them?

Casters if neighborhoods of people from same country

2. Chinese Enclaves
● Summarize the impact of the Chinese migration to Southeast Asia.

Females had done work that was traditional men’s work

● Summarize the impact of Chinese migration to the Americas.

Helped build first transcontinental railroads

3. Indian Enclaves
● Give examples of Indian Migration throughout the world:

Indian migrated to Mauritius, SE Asia, and the Caribbean worked for natives
4. Irish Enclaves

● Most of the Irish immigrants during the Great Famine came to North America - what were their
experiences like?
Most worked for the got in factories or to build canals

● How did the Irish spread their culture - how did second generation Irish make an impact on popular
culture?
They brought culture and holidays like set Patrick day

Prejudice and Regulation of Immigration

1. Describe how the California constitution of 1879 discriminated against the Chinese.

Encouraged people to kick Chinese out, and prevented many places from hiring Chinese workers

2. Congress further banned Chinese immigration by passage of the ____Chinese Exclusion

Act___________________________. How does this showcase discrimination in the US?
Holding jobs or immigrating prevented for Chinese

3. How did the act impact immigration in Mexico?

Many moved to Mexico for work

4. Why did the province of Victoria pass a Chinese Exclusion Act in Australia in 1855? Why did they want to limit
the Chinese?

Too many people Chinese moved Australia de gold rush

6. After the gold rushes, how did the Chinese in Australia make economic profit?
Gardening, trade, fishing, furniture making, pearl diving

7. Why did anti-Chinese groups form in Australia? How did this lead to the White Australia Policy?

Concentration of Asians increasing odious, got limited nonwhite immigration