Gateway 125, 126, 130 Fall 06 HW2

Homework 2
Chapter 1: 22, 64, 77, 78, 86; Chapter 2: 12, 17, 21, 23,61, 91, 96, 61, 102, 115; Non-book
problems

22) An irregularly shaped piece of lead weighs 10.0 g. It is carefully lowered into a graduated
cylinder containing 30.0 mL of ethanol, and it sinks to the bottom of the cylinder. To what
volume reading does the ethanol rise?

Lead density 11.34 g/mL

10.0 g Pb (1 mL) = 0.882 mL + 30.0 mL ethanol = 30.9 mL
(11.34 g)

64) Write a nanoscale representation and symbolic representation and describe what happens at
the macroscale when bromine evaporates to form bromine vapor.

Br2 liquid Br2 vapor Bromine liquid

evaporates when
heated forming
bromine gas. The
heat liquid appears dark
brown at the bottom
of the container.
The vapor fill the
container.

77 & 78) you need the textbook for the figures

77) B;
78a) A, B, (E) F b) (E) H c) C, D, G, I d) A, D, F e) C, f) A, C, D, F g) B, (E,H), G, I

86) You have some metal shot, small spheres like BBs and you want to identify the metal. You
have a flask that is known to contain exactly 100.0 mL when filled with liquid to a mark in the
flask’s neck. When the flask is filled with water at 20oC, the mass of flask and water is 122.3 g.
The water is emptied from the flask and 20 of the small spheres of metal are carefully placed in
the flask. The 20 small spheres had a mass of 42.3 g. The flask is again filled to the mark with
water at 20oC and weighed. This time the mass is 159.9g.
a) What metal is in the sphere? (Assume that that spheres are all the same and consist of
pure metal.)
b) What volume would 500 spheres occupy?

100.0 mL water * 1g water = 100.0 g water

1 mL water
Gateway 125, 126, 130 Fall 06 HW2

Mass flask = 122.3 g - 100.0 g = 22.3 g

Mass of water with spheres:

159.9 g total - 22.3g flask - 42.3 g spheres = 95.3 g water

95.3 g water * 1 mL water = 95.3 mL water

1 g water

Volume of spheres = 100.0 mL - 95.3 mL = 4.7 mL

Density spheres = 42.3 g/4.7 mL = 9.0 g/mL ~ copper (density 8.93 g/mL) OR nickel (density
8.90 g.mL) OR another metal (not listed in Table 1.1) such as cobalt

500 spheres = 25* 20 = 25 * 4.7 mL = 117.5 mL

Chapter 2

12) A Volkswagen engine has a displacement of 120. in3. What is this volume in cubic
centimeters? In liters?

120 in3 (2.54 cm)3 = 1.97 x103 cm3 * 1 mL 1L = 1.97 L

(1 in)3 1 cm3 1000 mL

17) A crystal fluorite (a mineral that contains calcium and fluorine) has a mass of 2.83 g. What
is this mass in kilograms? In pounds? Give the symbols for the elements in this crystal.

Ca, F 2.83 g * 1 kg = 2.83 x10-3 kg 2.83 g 1 lb = 6.24 x10-3 lb

1000g 453.59 g

21) How many significant figures are present in these measured quantities?
a) 1374 kg 4
b) 0.00348 s 3
c) 5.619 mm 4
d) 2.475 x10-3 cm 4
e) 33.1 mL 3

23) For each of these numbers, round to four significant digits and write the result in scientific
notation.
a) 247.583 2.476 x102
b) 100578 1.006 x105
c) 0.0000348719 3.487 x10-5
d) 0.004003881 4.004x10-3
Gateway 125, 126, 130 Fall 06 HW2

25) Perform these calculations and express the result with the proper number of significant
figures.
a) 2221.05 – (3256.5/3.20) 1.20 x103
b) 343.3 x (2.01 x 10-3) 6.90 x10-3
c) S = 4r2 where r = 2. 55 cm 81.7 cm2
d) 2802/15 – (0.0025 x10,000.) 162

61) If you divide Avogadro’s number of pennies among the 285 million men, women, and
children in the United States, and if each person could count one penny each second every day of
the year for eight hours per day, how long would it take to count all of the pennies?

6.02 x1023 pennies ___________ _____1 year___ = 2.01 x10 8years

285 x106 people 1.05 x107pennies

91) The density of a solution of sulfuric acid is 1.285 g/cm3, and it is 38.08% acid by mass.
What volume of the acid solution (in mL) do you need to supply 125g of sulfuric acid?

125 g acid = 0.3808* (mass solution) = 0.0328 g (cm3) 1 mL 255 mL

(1.285 g) cm3

96) A common fertilizer used on lawns is designated as “16-4-8.” These numbers mean that the
fertilizer contains 16% nitrogen-containing compound, 4.0% phosphorous and 8.0% potassium-
containing compounds. You buy a 40.0 lb bag of this fertilizer and use all of it on your lawn.
How many grams of the phosphorous-containing compound are you putting on your lawn?

40.0 lb (453.59 g) * 0.04 = 7.3 x102 g

1 lb
If the phosphorous-containing compound consists of 43.64% phosphorous (the rest is oxygen),
how many grams of phosphorous are there in 40.0 lb of fertilizer?

727 g (0.4364) = 320 g P (2 sig fig)

102) Draw a picture showing the approximate positions of all protons, electrons, and neutrons in
an atom of helium-4. Make certain that your diagram indicates both the number and position of
each type of particle.

electron

proton

neutron

115) Air mostly consists of diatomic molecules of nitrogen (about 80%) and oxygen (about
20%). Draw a nanoscale picture of a sample of air that contains a total of ten molecules.
Gateway 125, 126, 130 Fall 06 HW2

Non-book problems
1) Complete the following table:

# electrons #protons #neutrons

24
Mg, 12 12 12
23
Na+ 10 11 12
35
Cl 17 17 18
35
Cl- 18 17 18
56
Fe+3 23 26 30
15
N 7 7 8
16 -2
O 10 8 8
27
Al+3 10 13 14

2) Complete the following table:

Isotope Atomic number Mass number Number of electrons

59
Mn+2 25 59 23
14
N 7 14 7
7
Li 3 7 3
6
Li 3 6 3
58
Zn+2 30 58 28
19 -
F 9 19 10

3) Isotopic abundances are different in other parts of the universe. Suppose that on planet
Krypton we find the following stable isotopes and abundances for boron:
10
B (10.013 amu) 65.75%
11
B (11.009 amu) 25.55%
12
B (12.014 amu) 8.70%

What is the value of the average atomic mass of boron on planet Krypton?

10.4 amu
Gateway 125, 126, 130 Fall 06 HW2

4) Naturally occurring chlorine is composed of 35Cl and 37Cl. The mass of 35Cl is 34.9689 amu
and the mass of 37Cl is 36.9659 amu. The average atomic mass of chlorine is 35.453 amu. What
are the percentages of 35Cl and 37Cl in naturally occurring chlorine?
34.9689 x + 36.9659(1-x) =35.453
x = 0.75759
75.759% 35Cl and 24.241% 37Cl

5) Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following: a) 50.7 g of hydrogen; b) 1.00
milligrams of cobalt; c) 1.00 kilograms of sulfur; d) 1.00 ton of iron.

a) 50.7 g H2 1 mole H2 2*6.02x1023 H atoms = 6.06 x1025 H atoms

1.0079 g H2 1 mole H2

b) 1.02 x1019 Co atoms

c) 1.88 x1025 S atoms
d) 9.78x1027 Fe atoms

6) What mass of iodine contains the same number of atoms as 25.0 g chlorine?

25.0 g Cl2 1 mole Cl2 2*6.02x1023 Cl atoms = 8.49x1023 atoms 1 mole I2 126.9045g I2
35.453 g Cl2 1 mole Cl2 2* 6.02x1023 I atoms 1 mole I2

89.5 g = I2

7) Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false and explain your reasoning.
a) On average, one Li atom weights 6.941 grams F 6.941g is mole of Li atoms.
b) Every H atom weighs 1.008 amu F this is an average weight taking into
account the natural abundances of 1H, 2H

8) Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false and explain your reasoning.
a) A certain mass of solid Na contains fewer atoms than the same mass of gaseous Ne.
b) The molecular weight of an unknown gas is 0.045 g/mol
a) T Na is of higher molecular weight than Ne, so the same mass contains fewer atoms.
b) F All elements have molecular weight greater than 1 g/mol

9) The entry in the periodic table for chlorine contains the symbol Cl and two numbers 17 and
34.453. List four pieces of information about the element chlorine which can be determined
from these numbers.

1) average molecular weight

2) number of electrons
3) number of protons
4) number of neutrons

10) The atomic mass of rhenium is 186.2. Given that 37.1% of natural rhenium is rhenium –185,
what is the other stable isotope?
Gateway 125, 126, 130 Fall 06 HW2

187
Re

11) Which element contains atoms that have an average mass of 5.14 x10-23 grams?
MW 30.9428 phosphorus

12) Which member of each pair has a greater mass? Explain

a) 1 mol Cl- or 1 mol Cl2 twice as many Cl atoms
b) 1 nitrogen atom or 1 nitrogen molecule made up of 2 nitrogen atoms
c) 20.2 g Ne or 1 mole Ne Ne is 20.1797 g/mole
d) 1g Ca or 6.023 x1023 calcium atoms = 40.078 g
e) 1 mole iron atoms or 1 mol Al atoms Fe MW 55.845 g/mole; Al 26.9815 g/mol

13) Which member of each pair has a greater number of particles? Explain
a) 1 copper atom or 1 mol copper contains 6.02x1023 atoms
b) 1 mol Cl or 1 mol Cl2 Neither; same number of particles
c) 24.3 g Mg or 1 mol Mg if you look at MW of out to the thousandths place, Mg
24.3050, so 24.3 g of Mg is slightly less than a mole
d) 1 oxygen molecule or 1 oxygen atom Neither
e) 107.9 g Ag or 6.9 g Li Neither both contain a mole of particles