What Are Our Objectives Today?: Let'S Go!

LET’S GO!
What are our objectives today?
By the end of the lesson, you will:
a. understand the role of primary sources in building historical thinking skills,
b. distinguish primary sources versus secondary sources,
c. learn techniques for analyzing primary sources and discover the kind of historical information that can be extracted,
d. appreciate the importance of history in the social and national life of the Philippine.
LET’S BEGIN RESEARCH THIS!
1. What is history? Why study history?
2. Valid Historical Documents
3. Historical Sources
4. Differentiate primary and secondary source.
5. Give examples for both primary and secondary source.

Essential Idea Write your own definition of History in the circle below.
Is the account of the

past of a person or a Derived from the Greek
group of people word “historia” which
through written means knowledge.
documents and
historical events.
Also focused on writing

Definition of about wars, revolutions
and other important
History
breakthroughs.
 NO DOCUMENTS, NO HISTORY
 It means that unless a written document can prove a certain historical event, then it cannot be consider as a historical
fact.
 SOME VALID HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
 Government Records
 Chronicle’s Accounts
 Personal Letters
 Family Tree
 Biography
 Receipts, etc.
 Restricting a historical evidence as exclusively written is a discrimination against other social classes that were not recorded in
paper.
QUESTIONS ON HISTORY HISTORIOGHRAPHY
What is history?
Why study history?
History for whom?
HISTORIOGRAPHY
 Is the history of history

 It covers how historians have studied and developed history including its sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches.
 It should not be confused with History because history is the study of the past, the events that happened in the past.
 It focuses on how certain historical text was written, who wrote it, what was the context of its publication, what is historical
method was employed, what sources were used.
 Historians were required to show written primary documents in order to write a particular historical narrative.
Two Things in Writing History
 Tell the history of their nation that will highlight their identity free from that colonial discourse and knowledge.
 To criticize the methods effects, and idea of colonialism
HISTORY AND HISTORIANS
 Facts cannot speak for themselves. It is the historian’s job just to seek historical evidences and facts but also to interpret them. It
is their job to give meaning to these facts and organize them into timeline, establish causes, and write history.
 It comprises certain techniques and rules that historians follow in order to properly utilized sources and historical evidences in
writing history.
HISTORICAL SOURCES
Two Classification:
1. Primary Sources
 Are those sources produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being studied.
 Ex: (Commonwealth 1935) -Minutes -Newspaper clippings -Records -Photographs -Eyewitness(es).
2. Secondary Sources
 Are those sources produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material
 Ex: (Phil. Revolution 1935) -Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses 1956

 When examining a source, the historian must conduct:
(a). External Criticism
 the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining the physical characteristics;
consistency with the historical characteristic of the time when it was produced, and the materials
used for the evidence
(b). Internal Criticism
 Is the examination of the truthfulness and factuality of the evidences. It looks at the content of the
source and examines the circumstance of its production. It could be done by looking at the author,
its context, agenda, the purpose behind its creation
DECEPTION CASES IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 Hoax Code of Kalantiaw -Ferdinand Marcos as WWII Soldier DECEPTION CASES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 The code was a set of rules contained in an epic Maragtas, which was allegedly written by Datu Kalantiaw. The document
was sold to National Library and was regarded as an important precolonial document
 In 1968, an American historian William Henry Scott debunked the authenticity of the code due to lack of evidence to prove
that the code existed in precolonial Philippine society.
 This was widely believed by students of history and Marcos had war medals to show. This claim was not proven when
historian counterchecked Marcos’s claims with the war records of the United States.
HISTORICAL AGENCIES
 National Historical Commission

 The NHCP undertakes the commemoration of significant events and personages in Philippine history and safeguarding the
blazoning of the national government and its political divisions and instrumentalities. Its five divisions are Finance and
Administrative; Historic Preservation; Historic Sites and Education; Research, Publications and Heraldry; and Materials research
Conservation.
 National ARCHIVES
 National Commission for Culture and the Arts
 National Library
ACTIVITY 1. Relate Much! ACTIVITY 2. Pair and Share
Search about the historical events in

Let us Check Your the Philippines. Choose one event and Choose a partner and try to know
Knowledge! imagine yourself being there at the him/her. After knowing each other, do
time it happened. You can act it out a collaboration video that shows your
and record/video yourself while doing thoughts and appreciation on our
it, or provide your reaction through countries independency, popularity
an essay that contains at least 500 and its rich history.
words.
PAPER AND Take time to read each question and write your answer at the space provided.
PEN OUT!
1. Why do we need to study history? How is it important in our daily lives?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using primary and secondary sources?

What Are Our Objectives Today?: Let'S Go!

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LET’S GO!

What are our objectives today?

By the end of the lesson, you will:

a. understand the role of primary sources in building historical thinking skills,

b. distinguish primary sources versus secondary sources,

LET’S BEGIN RESEARCH THIS!

1. What is history? Why study history?

2. Valid Historical Documents

4. Differentiate primary and secondary source.

5. Give examples for both primary and secondary source.

Is the account of the

Also focused on writing

QUESTIONS ON HISTORY HISTORIOGHRAPHY

Why study history?

History for whom?

 Is the history of history

HISTORY AND HISTORIANS

(b). Internal Criticism

 National Historical Commission

ACTIVITY 1. Relate Much! ACTIVITY 2. Pair and Share

Search about the historical events in

1. Why do we need to study history? How is it important in our daily lives?

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