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Dynamic Balancing

Dynamic balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration that can cause catastrophic failure of machines like gas turbines. When a system rotates, dynamic balance occurs when there are no resultant centrifugal forces or couples produced, so no external forces are needed beyond those required to support its weight. If initially unbalanced, counterbalancing weights must be added to balance the system and prevent stress on bearings from centrifugal forces. Unbalanced rotating systems generate periodic vibration forces perpendicular to the axis of rotation that can exceed limits and reduce machine life. Balancing is crucial for high speed, low mass or low speed, high mass systems to prevent large vibrations and system failure.

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138 views

Dynamic Balancing

Dynamic balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration that can cause catastrophic failure of machines like gas turbines. When a system rotates, dynamic balance occurs when there are no resultant centrifugal forces or couples produced, so no external forces are needed beyond those required to support its weight. If initially unbalanced, counterbalancing weights must be added to balance the system and prevent stress on bearings from centrifugal forces. Unbalanced rotating systems generate periodic vibration forces perpendicular to the axis of rotation that can exceed limits and reduce machine life. Balancing is crucial for high speed, low mass or low speed, high mass systems to prevent large vibrations and system failure.

Uploaded by

Caspian Datta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DYNAMIC BALANCING

The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy industrial


machines such as gas turbines and electric generators, vibration can
cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case of a narrow
wheel, balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the centre of
rotation. For a system to be in complete balance both force and
couple polygons should be closed.in order to prevent the effect of centrifugal force.
Balancing is important to design the machine part's so wisely, that the unbalance is
reduced up to the minimum possible level or eliminated completely.

Static balance
Static balance occurs when the centre of gravity of an object is on the axis of
rotation.[1] The object can therefore remain stationary, with the axis horizontal,
without the application of any braking force. It has no tendency to rotate due to the
force of gravity. This is seen in bike wheels where the reflective plate is placed
opposite the valve to distribute the centre of mass to the centre of the wheel. Other
examples are grindstones, discs or car wheels.

Dynamic balance

Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a


counterclockwise centrifugal couple Cd that must be resisted by a clockwise
couple Fℓ = Cd exerted by the bearings. The figure is drawn from the viewpoint of a
frame rotating with the shaft, hence the centrifugal forces.
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce
any resultant centrifugal force or couple. The system rotates without requiring the
application of any external force or couple, other than that required to support its
weight. If a system is initially unbalanced, to avoid the stress upon the bearings
caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing weights must be added. This is
DYNAMIC BALANCING

seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate itself when
stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not rotate smoothly
as the centre of mass is to the side of the centre bearing.

Unbalanced systems
When an unbalanced system is rotating, periodic linear and/or torsional forces are
generated which are perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The periodic nature of
these forces is commonly experienced as vibration. These off-axis vibration forces
may exceed the design limits of individual machine elements, reducing the service
life of these parts. For instance, a bearing may be subjected to perpendicular torsion
forces that would not occur in a nominally balanced system, or the instantaneous
linear forces may exceed the limits of the bearing. Such excessive forces will cause
failure in bearings in short time periods. Shafts with unbalanced masses can be bent
by the forces and experience fatigue failure.
Under conditions where rotating speed is very high even though the mass is low, as
in gas turbines or jet engines, or under conditions where rotating speed is low but the
mass is high, as in ship propellers, balance of the rotating system should be highly
considered, because it may generate large vibrations and cause failure of the whole
system.

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