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CH-314 Lab Experiment 8

This experiment determines the second-order rate constant for the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate by sodium hydroxide using conductivity measurements, as the hydroxide ions are replaced by slower-moving acetate ions over time, allowing the rate constant to be calculated from the slope of a plot of normalized conductivity changes versus time. Students will learn about reaction kinetics, reaction orders, and monitoring reaction rates using conductivity. The procedure involves mixing solutions of ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide and taking periodic conductivity readings to generate data for calculating the rate constant.

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Fatima tahir
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113 views4 pages

CH-314 Lab Experiment 8

This experiment determines the second-order rate constant for the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate by sodium hydroxide using conductivity measurements, as the hydroxide ions are replaced by slower-moving acetate ions over time, allowing the rate constant to be calculated from the slope of a plot of normalized conductivity changes versus time. Students will learn about reaction kinetics, reaction orders, and monitoring reaction rates using conductivity. The procedure involves mixing solutions of ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide and taking periodic conductivity readings to generate data for calculating the rate constant.

Uploaded by

Fatima tahir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 8

Kinetics of the Hydrolysis of Ethyl Acetate


Name: ------------------------------------ St. Id.: ------------------------------------

Section: ---------------------------------- Date: -------------------------------------

Objectives
After performing this experiment students will be able to:

• understand kinetics of chemical reactions


• order of a chemical reaction.
• monitoring of rate of chemical reaction by conductivity method.

Experiment
To determine the second order rate constant for the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate by sodium hydroxide
using conductivity method

Theory

The hydrolysis of an ester by an alkali is an example of a second order reaction in which the rate is
directly proportional to the concentration of both reactants.

If the initial concentration, ao, of both the reactants are equal, and x being the number of moles of
reactant per liter that have reacted at time t, then the rate law can be written as
dx 2
 k ao  x (1)
dt
where k is the rate constant of the reaction. Integrating equation (1) leads to
x
 kt (2)
ao (ao  x)

Consider the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate by dilute sodium hydroxide solution

CH3COOC2H5 + OH–  CH3COO– + C2H5OH

The reaction can be studied by mixing equimolar quantities of sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate that
are at the same temperature. The reaction mixture is kept in a thermostat and a conductivity cell is
dipped in it. During the hydrolysis, the conductivity of the reaction mixture will decrease with time due

to the replacement of highly conducting hydroxyl ions by slow moving acetate ions. If o is the initial

conductivity of the solution (sodium hydroxide), t is the conductivity at time t, and ∞ is the

conductivity after the reaction is complete, then x will be proportional to (o – t) , and (ao – x ) to

( t – ∞ ). The second order reaction (2) can then be written as

o  t
 kt (3)
ao  t    

A plot of (o – t )/( t – ∞ ) versus t is a straight line with slope = kao .

Procedure
1. Using a pipette, dilute the 0.05 M NaOH with deionized water to get 0.01 M in a 50-mL
volumetric flask. Leave the flask in a thermostat bath (25 oC) until equilibrium
temperature is reached. Measure the conductivity of this solution. This will be the initial
conductivityo .

2. Pipette 20.0 mL of 0.05 M NaOH and 50.0 mL of deionized water into a clean, dry 100
mL beaker. In another 100 mL beaker, pipette 5.0 mL of 0.2 M ethyl acetate and 25.0 mL
deionized water. Place the beakers in a thermostat bath (25 oC) to equilibrate.

3. Mix the solutions in the beakers in a 200-ml beaker, start the stopwatch immediately.
Place the conductivity cell in the mixture and use it to mix the solution well.

4. Take the conductivity readings at one-minute intervals for the first 15 minutes, and then
every 2-5 minutes until a constant value of conductivity is obtained (about an hour).
These readings will be the conductivities at given times t of the reaction mixtures.

5. Stopper the beaker, label it and leave it aside overnight to measure ∞ (the final
conductivity of the reaction mixture)

6. Plot a graph of (o – t )/( t – ∞ ) versus time in minutes, and obtain rate constant k
from the slope.
o
Temperature at which the experiment was conducted = C

o =
∞ =

t t o  t t t o  t
(min) ( ) t   (min) ( ) t  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Initial concentration, aO, of the reactants =

Slope of plot of (o – t )/( t – ∞ ) versus t =

Rate constant k=

Result:-
Exercise

Q.1 Calculate pKa of the given acid in above experiment?

Q.2 What would be pH value if you have 0.1 M acetic acid and 0.05 M sodium acetate ?

Q.3 Describe the principle of potentiometric titration.

Q.4 What is the relation among the degree of dissociation (α), ionization constant(Ka) and the
concentration of the solution(C)?

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