Artificial Intelligence

First of all we are going to talk about AI in general, what are they and how the
whole process of creating AI started. Of course we are going to mention

advantages and disadvantages of AI because there r plenty and also different
types, from the complexes one which preform demanding intellectual tasks to the
ones we use in our everyday life such as Siri. Further more my colleague will
explain where are they used because AI is actually implemented in almost every
single branch in some sort of way. And in conclusion, as an example of
worldwide known AI, we are going to talk about Sophia, who is actually
considered to be a normal citizen but more about that later.
Understanding Artificial Intelligence (AI)

When most people hear the term artificial intelligence, the first thing they usually
think of is robots. That's because big-budget films and novels weave stories
about human-like machines that wreak havoc on Earth. But nothing could be
further from the truth.
Artificial intelligence is based on the principle that human intelligence can be

defined in a way that a machine can easily mimic it and execute tasks, from the
most simple to those that are even more complex. The goals of artificial
intelligence include mimicking human cognitive activity and also human speech.
Some believe that innovators may soon be able to develop systems that exceed
the capacity of humans to learn or reason out any subject. But others remain
sceptical because all cognitive activity is laced with value judgments that are
subject to human experience.
As technology advances, previous benchmarks that defined artificial intelligence

become outdated. For example, machines that calculate basic functions are no
longer considered as an artificial intelligence, since this function is now taken for
granted as a computer function.
History of AI
The concept of artificial intelligence has been around since ancient times. The
Greek god Hephaestus was described in myths as forging robot-like servants
out of gold. Throughout the centuries, thinkers from Aristotle to the 13th century
when people used the tools and logic of their times to describe human thought
processes as symbols, laying the foundation for AI concepts.
The late 19th and first half of the 20th centuries brought forth the foundational
work that would give rise to the modern computer. In 1836, Cambridge
University mathematician Charles Babbage and Augusta Ada Byron,
Countess of Lovelace, invented the first design for a programmable machine.
With the development of modern computers, scientists could test their ideas
about machine intelligence. One method for determining whether a computer
has intelligence was devised by the British mathematician and World War II
code-breaker Alan Turing in 1950. The Turing Test focused on a computer's
ability to fool interrogators into believing its responses to their questions were
made by a human being.
The modern field of artificial intelligence is widely cited as starting in 1956

during a summer conference at Dartmouth College. Sponsored by the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the conference was
attended by 10 luminaries in the field, among who was John McCarthy, the
man credited with coining the term artificial intelligence.
In the wake of the Dartmouth College conference, leaders in the field of AI

predicted that a man-made intelligence equivalent to the human brain was
around the corner, attracting major government and industry support. Indeed,
nearly 20 years of well-funded basic research generated significant advances
in AI: For example, in the late 1950s, General Problem Solver (GPS)
algorithm was published. The algorithm fell short of solving complex problems
but laid the foundations for developing more sophisticated cognitive
architectures. And that’s how Lisp was developed, a language for AI
programming that is still used today.
Over the next years, AI is becoming ever more tangible, powering cars,
diagnosing disease and cementing its role in popular culture. In 1997, IBM's
Deep Blue defeated Russian chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov, becoming
the first computer program to beat a world chess champion.
The advantages of Artificial intelligence applications are enormous

compared to the disadvantages.
1) Reduction in Human Error:
The phrase “human error” was born because humans make

mistakes from time to time. Computers, however, do not make
these mistakes if they are programmed properly. So errors are
reduced and the chance of reaching accuracy with a greater degree
of precision is a possibility. Example: In Weather Forecasting
using AI they have reduced the majority of human error.
2) Takes risks instead of Humans:

This is one of the biggest advantages of Artificial intelligence. We
can overcome many risky limitations of humans by developing
an AI Robot which in turn can do the risky things for us. Let it be
going to mars, defuse a bomb, explore the deepest parts of oceans,
mining for coal and oil, it can be used effectively in any kind of
natural or man-made disasters.
Example: Have you heard about the Chernobyl nuclear power

plant explosion in Ukraine? At that time there were no AI-
powered robots that can help us to minimize the effect of radiation
by controlling the fire in early stages, as any human went close to
the core was dead in a matter of minutes. They eventually poured
sand and boron from helicopters from a mere distance.
3) Available 24x7:
An Average human will work for 4–6 hours a day excluding the
breaks. Humans are built in such a way to get some time out for
refreshing themselves and get ready for a new day of work and
they even have weekly offed to stay intact with their work-life and
personal life. But using AI we can make machines work 24x7
without any breaks or any need for rest.
4) Helping in Repetitive Jobs:
In our day-to-day work, we will be performing many repetitive

works like sending a thanking mail, verifying certain documents
for errors and many more things. Using artificial intelligence we
can productively automate these tasks and can even remove
“boring” tasks for humans and free them up to be increasingly
creative.
Example: In banks, we often see many verifications of

documents to get a loan which is a repetitive task for the owner of
the bank. Using AI Cognitive Automation the owner can speed up
the process of verifying the documents by which both the
customers and the owner will be benefited.
7) Daily Applications:
Daily applications such as Apple’s Siri, Window’s Cortana,

Google’s OK Google are frequently used in our daily routine
whether it is for searching a location, taking a selfie, making a
phone call, replying to a mail and many more.
Example: Around 20 years ago, when we are planning to go

somewhere we used to ask a person who already went there for the
directions. But now all we have to do is say “OK Google or hey
siri.
However there r some disadvantages:
1) High Costs of Creation:
As AI is updating every day the hardware and software need to get

updated with time to meet the latest requirements. Machines need
repairing and maintenance which need plenty of costs. It’ s
creation requires huge costs as they are very complex machines.
2) Making Humans Lazy:
AI is making humans lazy with its applications automating the

majority of the work. Humans tend to get addicted to these
inventions which can cause a problem to future generations.
3) Unemployment:
As AI is replacing the majority of the repetitive tasks and other

works with robots,human interference is becoming less which will
cause a major problem in the employment standards. Every
organization is looking to replace the minimum qualified
individuals with AI robots which can do similar work with more
efficiency.

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First of all we are going to talk about AI in general, what are they and how the

whole process of creating AI started. Of course we are going to mention

Understanding Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial intelligence is based on the principle that human intelligence can be

As technology advances, previous benchmarks that defined artificial intelligence

The modern field of artificial intelligence is widely cited as starting in 1956

In the wake of the Dartmouth College conference, leaders in the field of AI

The advantages of Artificial intelligence applications are enormous

1) Reduction in Human Error:

The phrase “human error” was born because humans make

2) Takes risks instead of Humans:

Example: Have you heard about the Chernobyl nuclear power

In our day-to-day work, we will be performing many repetitive

Example: In banks, we often see many verifications of

Daily applications such as Apple’s Siri, Window’s Cortana,

Example: Around 20 years ago, when we are planning to go

1) High Costs of Creation:

As AI is updating every day the hardware and software need to get

2) Making Humans Lazy:

AI is making humans lazy with its applications automating the

As AI is replacing the majority of the repetitive tasks and other

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