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    Answer:: School of Graduate Studies SECOND SEMESTER 2020-2021

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    Ceasar Ryan Asuncion
    1. The document discusses the importance of establishing validity and reliability when developing research instruments. Validity and reliability ensure quality of instruments and data, and allow for valid inferences from study findings. 2. It provides the population and proposed sample size of 200 teachers selected from 10 schools using Cochran's formula with a 5% margin of error. It asks which sampling technique should be used. 3. Probability sampling gives every subject an equal chance of selection and results can be generalized to the population. Non-probability sampling does not use random selection so results are more biased and cannot be generalized.

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    Answer:: School of Graduate Studies SECOND SEMESTER 2020-2021

    Uploaded by

    Ceasar Ryan Asuncion
    36 views2 pages
    1. The document discusses the importance of establishing validity and reliability when developing research instruments. Validity and reliability ensure quality of instruments and data, and allow for valid inferences from study findings. 2. It provides the population and proposed sample size of 200 teachers selected from 10 schools using Cochran's formula with a 5% margin of error. It asks which sampling technique should be used. 3. Probability sampling gives every subject an equal chance of selection and results can be generalized to the population. Non-probability sampling does not use random selection so results are more biased and cannot be generalized.

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    Exam-1-Prelim

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    1. The document discusses the importance of establishing validity and reliability when developing research instruments. Validity and reliability ensure quality of instruments and data, and allow for valid inferences from study findings. 2. It provides the population and proposed sample size of 200 teachers selected from 10 schools using Cochran's formula with a 5% margin of error. It asks which sampling technique should be used. 3. Probability sampling gives every subject an equal chance of selection and results can be generalized to the population. Non-probability sampling does not use random selection so results are more biased and cannot be generalized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    36 views2 pages

    Answer:: School of Graduate Studies SECOND SEMESTER 2020-2021

    Uploaded by

    Ceasar Ryan Asuncion
    1. The document discusses the importance of establishing validity and reliability when developing research instruments. Validity and reliability ensure quality of instruments and data, and allow for valid inferences from study findings. 2. It provides the population and proposed sample size of 200 teachers selected from 10 schools using Cochran's formula with a 5% margin of error. It asks which sampling technique should be used. 3. Probability sampling gives every subject an equal chance of selection and results can be generalized to the population. Non-probability sampling does not use random selection so results are more biased and cannot be generalized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    1

    SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES


    PHED 552 PRELIM EXAM
    SECOND SEMESTER 2020-2021

    1. Why is it important to establish the validity and reliability of the research


    instrument?

    Answer:
    Validity and reliability are two important factors to consider when developing
    and testing any instrument. Attention to these considerations helps to ensure
    the quality of the instruments and of the date collected for the study. The
    quality of instrument used in research is very important, since the
    conclusions drawn from the findings of a study are based on the data
    collected. For inferenced drawn from the study to be valid, the research
    instruments must be valid and reliable.  It is also important that validity and
    reliability not be viewed as independent qualities. A measurement cannot be
    valid unless it is reliable; it must be both valid and reliable if it is to be
    depended upon as an accurate representation of a concept or attribute A
    research study design that meets standards for validity and reliability
    produces results that are both accurate (validity) and consistent (reliability).

    2. Respondents of the Study.

    The study population consists of 200 public school teachers from


    selected 10 schools in the Division of Negros Occidental, Negros Occidental in
    school year 2019-2020 and distributed as shown in table 1.

    Table 1
    Distribution of Respondents
    Sample Size Percentage
    Schools Population (N)
    (n) (%)
    A 52
    B 15
    C 11
    D 14
    E 37
    F 15
    G 13
    H 20
    I 13
    J 10
    Total 200
    2

    Since the total population is too big, How will you determine the total
    sample size and the sample size (unit) for each school, using Cochran formula
    with margin of error at 5%, maximum possible proportion (p) is 50%, critical
    value for the confidence level (Z) is 1.96? What appropriate sampling technique
    will you use in choosing the respondents?
    Compute and discuss your answer comprehensively.

    3. Differentiate between probability sampling from non-probability sampling.

    Answer

    1. The sampling technique, in which the subjects of the population get an


    equal opportunity to be selected as a representative sample, is known
    as probability sampling. A sampling method in which it is not known
    that which individual from the population will be chosen as a sample, is
    called nonprobability sampling.
    2. The basis of probability sampling is randomization or chance, so it is
    also known as Random sampling. On the contrary, in non-probability
    sampling randomization technique is not applied for selecting a
    sample. Hence it is considered as Non-random sampling.
    3. In probability sampling, the sampler chooses the representative to be
    part of the sample randomly, whereas, in non-probability sampling, the
    subject is chosen arbitrarily, to belong to the sample by the researcher.
    4. The chances of selection in probability sampling, are fixed and known.
    As opposed to non-probability sampling, the selection probability is
    zero, i.e. it is neither specified not known.
    5. Probability sampling is used when the research is conclusive in nature.
    On the other hand, when the research is exploratory, nonprobability
    sampling should be used.
    6. The results generated by probability sampling, are free from bias while
    the results of non-probability sampling are more or less biased.
    7. As the subjects are selected randomly by the researcher in probability
    sampling, so the extent to which it represents the whole population is
    higher as compared to the nonprobability sampling. That is
    why extrapolation of results to the entire population is possible in the
    probability sampling but not in non-probability sampling.
    8. Probability sampling test hypothesis but nonprobability sampling
    generates it.

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