PR (Group 7)

Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades Senior High
School
SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION: ITS PERCEIVED EFFECTS TOWARDS
THE CHARACTER FORMATION OF STUDENTS
_______________________
A Research Proposal Presented to
The Faculty of the Senior High School
Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades
Sanchez Mira, Cagayan
_______________________
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research I
_______________________
KIM CHARLOTTE MANZORI
DHENMAR JAKE TABIAN
JOHN MICHAEL LUMAGUIP
JOHN MARK CAMPANO
JOHN RAFAEL CONSTANTINO
ROMEO VALDEZ
FEBRUARY 2020
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Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Social media is an internet-based form of communication. Social media
platforms allow users to have conversations, share information and create web content.
There are many forms of social media, including blogs, micro-blogs, wikis, social
networking sites, photo-sharing sites, instant messaging, video-sharing sites, podcasts,
widgets, virtual worlds, and more.
Social media is growing fast in our modern life. Many people around the
world use it every single day. Social media is popular specifically among students. It has
become a platform to entertain and express themselves. However, many students get
addicted to social media. Addiction to social media leads to many serious effects,
including poor study habits, straying away from reality, and health problems.
Social media is the second place to interact with those we do not see that
often and it is the vibrant hub of everything going on in our lives and we can use it to
learn about things for school, learn about things outside of our lives and connect to the
news ( Hu, 2010).

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Because of social media addiction, many people become lazy, disrespectful
and irresponsible instead of helping their parents in household chores that's why we
need to use social media in a good way to avoid this addiction (Eunice, 2019).
In addition, addiction as described by the American Psychological
Association (2014) refers to a “compulsive behaviour that leads to negative effects”
wherein, like in other forms of addictions such as drugs, gambling, video gaming,
overeating etc., people feel bound to particular activities such that they become harmful
habits, which then obstructs other important activities in their lives such as their school
works and performance and this can be said of people specifically students who use
social media excessively.
On the other hand, as students are being addicted to social media they
tend to get influence with the things they have seen and encountered in these platforms.
This is a serious problem for this could negatively impact the student’s behavior which
is evident in their actions in schools.
In 2011, Daria Kuss and Mark Griffiths from Nottingham Trent University
in the UK have analysed 43 previous studies on the matter, and conclude that social
media addiction is a mental health problem that “may” require professional treatment.
They found that excessive usage was linked to relationship problems, worse academic
achievement and less participation in offline communities, and found that those who
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could be more vulnerable to a social media addiction include those dependent on
alcohol, the highly extroverted, and those who use social media to compensate for fewer
ties in real life.
In a 2010 global research by Universal McCann entitled, “Power to the
People- Wave 3,” it has been found out that Philippines was the top among other
countries with 83.1% Filipinos belonging to social networking sites and it was also the
Filipinos who became top users who frequently share photos and videos to their social
media sites. Apparently, the growing numbers of social media users are students or
those Filipinos aged 15 to 24 years old. With these research findings, it is alarming that
many Filipino youths are currently engaging themselves in social media- posting a
massive variety of content, updating statuses, and uploading and sharing of photos and
videos. By being more active and spending a lot of time in social media, a great part of
this generation’s social and emotional development occurs on the Internet and on their
smartphones or gadgets.
With social media conveying individuals closer to one another more than
ever leading to one of the best medium for communication and offering wide variety of
entertainment, students nowadays have been very dependent on it and even using it
excessively on their day-to-day life. Thus, as social media addiction is becoming a
common disorder to students of today’s generation, this research will seek to have
conclusions on the effects of social media addiction to the students’ behavior.

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Statement of the Problem
Generally, this study will analyse and expand understandings on the reasons and
effects of frequent use of social media on students.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:
1. What are the reasons why students get addicted to social media?
2. How do social media affect the personality aspects of students?
3. How do students overcome the effects of frequent use of social media?
Significance of the Study
The result of this study will be beneficial to the following:
Teachers. This study will help teachers analyse the effects of frequent use of social
media. Moreover, teachers can make preventive acts and can give recommendations to
the students who has problematic way of using the social media.
Parents. This study will help parents realize the effects of frequent use of social
media. Therefore, parents can articulate precautionary actions to prevent their children
from making social media an addiction.

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Students. The result of the study will give awareness to students on the effects of
social media addiction on their behaviors. Likewise, students can practice to use social
media responsibly.
Other Researchers. This study may help to encourage other researchers to take
over related studies on the effects of constant use of social media and may help other
researchers to expand their knowledge on the prevention and character aspects of
students who are concerned about this type of addiction.
Scope and Delimitation
The focus of the study will define the reasons why students get addicted to
Social Media, how it affects the personality aspects of Students and how students
overcome the effects of constant use of social media.
To obtain the qualitative data, interview will be done to the participants on the
month of February. Participants of the study will be Senior High Students of Sanchez
Mira School of Arts and Trades that are addicted to Social Media.
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Definition of Terms
The following terms are operationally defined to provide the readers a clearer
understanding of the study:
Social Media Addiction refers to excessive use of social media like Facebook,
Instagram or other social media platforms that make a person busy.
Personality Aspects refers to a person's characteristic habits of thoughts,
feelings, and behavior.
Perceived Effects refers of becoming aware or to think of effects of social
media addiction towards the personality aspects of students.

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Chapter II
REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDIES
The aim of this chapter is to review the literature available on this research study
of the reasons and effects of frequent use of social media on students. It will examine
the ways to overcome this type of addiction.
Social Media Addiction and The Impacts on One’s Life
Social media is the fastest growing web application in the 21st century (Abu-
Shanab, 2015). Social media is becoming an integral part of every person’s lives. It is
use as a communication tool, creating online portals in able to communicate with each
other. It is also used to share ideas, informations, medias and updates in every person
using social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.
Probably, most people use it for entertainment purposes to kill time. There is
nothing wrong in using social media. The problem is when someone become addicted to
it and overspends their time on those platforms, as a result, it affects their lives
negatively. People should know the signs and symptoms especially young peoples who
probably use the social media abnormally. If you are repeating most of these signs there
is a possibility that you are addicted to it. First is social media is the first thing you do in
the morning, what is the first thing you once you wake up in the morning if your reason
is to update your status on any social media platforms then it is a clear sign that you are
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addicted to social media. Moreover, craving reacts (constantly monitoring the ‘’likes’’
and ‘’shares’’ you receive), wasting time scrolling at nonsense and procrastinate,
checking in everywhere you go, checking notification all the time, craving internet
connection, taking photos of everything, social media becomes part of your life and
lastly, checking social media is the first thing you do whenever you are free
(www.thewisdompost.com). Those are just some signs and symptoms of social media
addiction. The diverse app of social media like wikis, video streaming and applications
and social networks make phenomenon of the century. Facebook has the most counted
users with over 955 million users topped all social media applications in 2013, followed
by Twitter with over 500 million users (www.thecountriesof.com). The Facebook users
age distribution is focused on the younger categories where 300 million users are 18-24
years old, and 120 million users are between 13-17 years old (www.quintly.com).
According to ILazAZ (2018), Addiction is different than habit; it is a condition
that affects people materially and spiritually life. Addiction is spreading thoroughly in
many individuals, like young people, and has reached the dangerous dimensions. As
ILazAZ said, it affects spiritually and materially life which means being addicted to
social is very dangerous in some ways that when you frequently using the social media
or the Internet, probably there are some instances that you forget everything around you,
especially God. For example, if a person is busy scrolling out posts, chatting and posting
pictures on such platforms, there is a possibility that you forget God by doing the don’ts
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on your social media life like sharing inappropriate pictures or you forget God by not
going to the church because your very busy scrolling nonsense on different social media
platforms. Social media Addiction is a term that is often used to refer to someone who
spends lots of time on social media like Facebook, Twitter and other forms of social
media (www.thewisdompost.com). In some researches, Social media addiction is similar
to internet addiction and cellphone addiction disorder. These disorders are common to
people since years ago and stated that these disorders may cause serious problems to
work performances, school performances and negatively impacts one’s life.
Social Media refers to the websites and applications that are designed to allow
people to share content quickly, efficiently, and in real-time (Hudson 2019). People
nowadays can’t live without social media. There are many advantage of using social
media, it can enhance person’s relationship skills, convey their views and opinions and
even create new identities. It also exposes students to a whole new way of learning.
Research has shown that persons who are frequent users of social media are more
innovative and exhibit better memory.
Hilliard (2019) found out that social media addiction is a behavioral addiction
that is defined by being overly concerned about social media, driven by an
uncontainable desire to log on to or use social media, and allotting so much time and
effort to social media that it impairs other important life areas. The overuse of social
media has become a progressively popular activity over years ago. Even though, the
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widely held of people’s use of social media is non-problematic, there is a small
percentage of users that become addicted to social networking sites and engage in
excessive or compulsive use. Addictive social media use will look much like that of any
other substance use disorder, including mood modification (i.e., engagement in social
media leads to a favorable change in emotional states), salience (i.e., behavioral,
cognitive, and emotional preoccupation with social media), tolerance (i.e., ever
increasing use of social media overtime), withdrawal symptoms (i.e., experiencing
unpleasant physical and emotional symptoms when social media use is restricted or
stopped), conflict (i.e., interpersonal problems ensue because of social media usage),
and relapse (i.e., addicted individuals quickly revert back to their excessive social media
usage after an abstinence period) (www.addictioncenter.com).
Importantly, frequent social media usage does not necessarily indicate social
media addiction (Griffiths,2010) and therefore does not always have negative
implications for individuals’ mental health (e.g., Jelenchick, Eickhoff & Moreno, 2013)
or academic performance (Pasek & Hargittai, 2009). Studies investigating social media
addiction have mainly focused on Facebook addiction (e.g., Andreassen, Torsheim,
Brunborg, & Pallesen, 2012; Hong et al., 2017; Koc & Gulyagci, 2013). Research has
shown that addiction to Facebook is associated with depression, anxiety, and insomnia
and negatively associated with subjective well-being, subjective vigor, and life.
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Research has also suggested the negative impact of social media addiction, and
Facebook addiction in particular, on academic performance.
Reasons Why Students Get Addicted To Social Media
Social media has taken the world by storm, attracting many users across the world.
Social media has become a global phenomenon and a very important means of
communication among peers, families and friends. Addiction to social media has now
become a problem that societies are concerned with. Undoubtedly, the introduction of
social media in the last decade has largely attracted many people -- specifically
students. Thus, the mass appeal of social media could be an issue of concern, especially
with regards to the steady increase in the time students spend online that may affect and
influence their behaviors. The excessive use of these platforms is alarming enough as
this could lead to social media addiction
According to English Language Blog (2018), Youngsters are raised in a society
where the Internet is such an important aspect of socializing. Children look at the
Internet as an extension of their current social life. This is the main reason why they are
so much dependent on their cell phones as a means of communication. Social
networking sites like Facebook, for example, are a popular way for people to keep in
touch with their friends.

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According to The Wisdom Post (2018), one of the key factors people are getting
addicted to social media is because they are often distracted by notifications. In fact,
notifications can act as a reminder to the users to check their phones or computers.
Every once in a while, when you check updates on social media, or after you have
posted something, you want to know who will react to your post. And whenever people
give you a “like” or commented something on your post, it makes you feel great. You
will feel that you are not alone, you are being connected and someone cares about you.
More importantly, if people “like” or “share” what you have posted, you feel
happy as if people agree with what you have posted and they like it. When this happens,
your brain cells stimulate dopamine, a chemical released by your neurons to signal other
nerve cells that will make you feel good and happy.
This is one of the core reasons causing the addiction. These rewards and the
pleasure you receive from using social media will condition and program your mind to
crave for more.
Malik (2018) found out, an additional reason why students may be addicted to
social media is because of how quickly and easily they can communicate with their
friends, no matter where either of them are. With the click of just a couple buttons, kids
in our generation are able to send pictures to each other on Snapchat , as well as gossip
and converse through DMs (direct messaging) or IMs (instant messaging). Students can
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appear as if they are addicted to social media, even if they are not, because they devote a
lot of their time to talking to their friends online through these social media platforms.
Also, it was found out that social media can act as an escape from the real world.
If a student is stressed, sad, or even depressed, they may turn to social media to forget
their problems, even if it is only for a couple of hours. It’s also a lot easier to express
yourself on social media, and teens who may be shy in real life are more likely to have a
bolder online presence; they are able to think about their words, and come off as witty,
even if in real life they are nothing like that at all. Additionally, if a student is feeling
isolated or disconnected from their family or friends, they may turn to social media.
On these platforms, it’s easier to make friends, and more often than not, people are
accepted wholeheartedly and right away, creating a sort of safe haven for those who feel
this way. Most of the time, people post certain events in their lives, whether positive,
like getting a job or getting into college, or negative, like failing a test or having a loved
one pass away, in order for their online friends and followers to comment and give them
praise, support, or reassurance.
According to Hu (2010), social media is the second place to interact with those we
do not see that often and it is the vibrant hub of everything going on in our lives and we
can use it to learn about things for school, learn about things outside of our lives and
connect to the news.

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Fear Of Missing Out (FOMO) is a large driver of social network use, particularly
for those aged thirty and under. Sixty-seven percent of users say that they’re afraid
they’ll “miss something.” Dr Stephanie Rutledge explains:
“We have a brain wired for collaboration, compromise, restraint, comprehending
and managing one’s place in shifting-alliances. We notice when others are doing
something that excludes us. It will trigger some primitive survival responses. People
under 30 are still in the period when they are establishing their own lives, developing
personal and professional identities, becoming economically viable (creating alliances),
etc. Their focus will of necessity be social.”
Teenagers who are addicted to social media will eventually stray away from
reality. They don't make time for doing other activities such as playing outside or doing
exercises because they are on their phones all day. Instead of socializing with their
families, they chat with their friends on social media. Teenagers will rather stay at home
and update their social media rather than to go out. Slowly, they will only live in a
virtual world (Lowery, 2013).
Effects of Social Media on Students Behaviour and Personality Aspects
Bullying in the traditional sense would end once students are physically away
from their bullies. But now it creeps through their mobile devices and laptops, even as
they sit in the privacy of their own home. Sites like Instagram give teens a chance to
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express themselves. But it also leaves them vulnerable to comments and messages from
their peers that might not always be kind. Children who are already bullied in person
may find themselves being further taunted online. Pictures, videos, and online
arguments can haunt students if they are spread around to other teens in their classes.
Bullying in school is something that teachers can look out for and resolve right there and
then. Cyberbullying is a lot harder to spot. It’s not all bad news, though. An internet
lawyer in NYC can help schools to have security settings on their internet so that
students can’t access social media during school time (Maslow, 2019).
According to Litsa (2016), Social Media can cause insecurity, anti - social
behavior, disconnection from the world, and egocentrism.
These social networks initially started to support existing social relations we
already have but as the years go by, other social media platforms were developed that
encouraged people to meet and befriend complete strangers aside from the ones where
they already have existing offline relationships with. People adopt unique personas for
different social networking sites such as Facebook or LinkedIn, a team of researchers,
including an Indian-origin researcher, have found. “Users tend to portray themselves
differently in these different worlds,” said Dongwon Lee, associate professor at
Pennsylvania State University in the US. Researchers theorised that these different
personas stem from a desire to fit within the distinctive culture or etiquette of each site.
For instance, a photo of someone’s colorful drink may be popular on Instagram, but the
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same image post to LinkedIn would be frowned upon. “The users tend to portray
themselves differently in these different worlds,” Mr Lee explained.
According to Eunice(2019),because of social media addiction, many people
become lazy, disrespectful and irresponsible instead of helping their parents in
household chores that's why we need to use social media in a good way to avoid this
addiction.
Krisjosh (2018) found out that the effect of social media on many students is they
are becoming unrespectful, don't have discipline and mostly they are not attending
classes and just focus the social media.
Social media has revolutionized the way we view ourselves, the way we see others
and the way we interact with the world around us. While social media has many positive
implications, including promoting awareness of specific causes, advertising businesses
and helping foster friendships between individuals who may have never met without
social networking, the over-usage of social media networks can also lead to negative
implications.
While there are countless exciting improvements in technology and social media
have greatly increased communication across cultures and positively brought attention
to events around the world, we must examine the negative implications that social media
usage has had on the human experience.

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The overuse of social media is a global problem impacting all generations, and
research has shown that substantial internet usage can have a highly negative impact on
our mental and emotional health.
As the popularity of social media sites continuously grows, networks such as
Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram continue to evolve. Three positive implications of
social media include advertising, networking, and self-expression
(Saharshthegreat,2018).
Ways to Overcome Social Media Addiction
Social Media addiction is way more harmful than you think; it can easily be the
cause of family problems (neglecting your most significant relationship) and poor
performance issues at schools, university or workplace.
The simple ways that can help to overcome this enslaving social media addiction
are read about a catchy subject, spend time with loved ones, keep a record of the amount
of money spend on internet, focus on work, keep fewer accounts and listen to music
(GCC Exchage, 2018).
Phoebe Avison (2016) found out that there are some tips on how to gain control of
your social media addiction. Turn off your notifications, notifications are a constant
reminder that something is happening in the online world and you might feel like
missing out. So to quell FOMO, turn off notifications. When you do come around to
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checking social media, have a build-up of more notifications which will make it more
exciting and will make the experience more rewarding. Limit yourself: set a timer on
your watch or phone, to limit the amount of time spent on social media. Get a new
hobby: Have a lot more free time on hands now that you're trying to cut down on social
media usage, so why not pick up a new hobby to fill spare time? Spend more time with
loved ones, Make new memories and keep them personal, Make it a treat: Look at social
media as a treat. So think of social media in the same way: only allow yourself screen
time when achieved something or done something productive first. This way might
change the way you think about social media. Meet with friends.
According to Krisselle Fonseca (2018),the simple steps to rid yourself of this
social media addiction are first, Go on a social media ‘detox’.Set yourself a fixed period
of time, i.e. 15 days or 30 days, to pay no heed to any form of social media whatsoever.
Delete all the apps from phone and only use phone for emergencies or calls. Easier said
than done, but the day successfully complete ‘detox’, the realization will automatically
dawn that don’t need social media to survive, and just as well happy without it. Also
use this time to think about why cannot stop scrolling through Instagram or Facebook. Is
it because genuinely want to know what’s going on with the people in life and the world
around? Or is it just a matter of habit. Second, Set a ‘digital time’ for yourself. Third,
Read a book. Reading is as therapeutic as it can get, and can just as easily form an
addiction reading a good book as you are to social media. Fourth, learn a new hobby.
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It’s always exciting to learn something new, and there’s no better way to keep yourself
off social media than to engage in doing or learning a new hobby. Lastly, spend more
time with your friends and family. Use the real world to connect with your friends and
family rather than through a screen. Go on trips with them or plan some casual night
outs. Can even stay in for a ‘pizza and movie’ kind of night, or play some fun board
games. If not either of these, have a fun chit-chat session with them, catching up on all
life’s happenings. And leave all phones out of plans. Chances are won’t even have to
attend to calls because the people who usually call are right in front of you.
According to Carey Bently (2018), the steps to break social media are the first step
is to identify the core need, or “cue,” that triggers the impulse to check your phone.
The second step is to implement three to four tactics that keep social media at
arm’s length. These could include deleting social media apps from phone, using a
newsfeed blocker on desktop, keeping your phone out of bedroom, setting phone to Do
Not Disturb or turning off app notifications.
The third step is to replace the negative routine of checking social media with a
new routine.
The fourth step is to repeat the new habit over and over again. This is usually
where people fall down, because their self-discipline muscle needs to be incredibly
strong for this to work.

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The fifth step is to train your brain that the new routine is a good thing by
rewarding it for a job well done until the habit is strong enough to happen automatically.
According to Matt Prior (2018), we should use each platform with purpose.Each
social media platform has different strengths and weaknesses. Facebook is the best for
everyday interactions with people. Twitter is amazing for connecting with people
quickly and keeping tabs on industries and news. Instagram is great for inspiration.
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Chapter III
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
This chapter presents the methods that will be utilized in the study. It includes
the research design, locale of the study, respondents, sampling procedures, research
instrument, collection of data, data analysis and ethical considerations.
Research Design
This study will utilize qualitative research that employs descriptive design using
phenomenology as a method. Qualitative research is a type of research that collects and
works with non-statistical data (Crossman 2020) and understanding the nature of a
setting and the experiences others have in this context (Merriam, 1998). Qualitative
research does not forecast what is to happen in the future; rather, it is an analysis that
provides a depth of understanding for those who are interested in the events of a
particular setting and time.
Phenomenology is a relevant philosophic methodology that is utilized to
describe the phenomena of students who are addicted to social media. Students who are
addicted to social media are facing problems. Phenomenology seeks to gain the truth of
these experiences through the consciousness of the experiencer. Phenomenology is
appropriate in this study because it enables to explore experiences and sensory
perception of researched phenomenon, and the formation of understanding based on the

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experiences and perceptions, to understand the essence of the lived experiences of
students who frequent uses the social media.
Semi-structured interviews will be selected to carry out this research study. They
will allow the participants to elaborate and with that provided more flexibility, range
and therefore the capacity to elicit more information from the participant. Semi-
structured interviews permit scope for individuals to answer questions more on their
own terms than the standardized interview permits, yet still provides a good structure for
comparability over that of the focused interview (May, 1997). Kumar (2005) views the
interview as the most suitable approach for studying complex and sensitive areas as the
interviewer has the opportunity to prepare a participant before asking sensitive questions
and to explain complex ones to them in person.
Respondents and Sampling Procedure
In choosing the sample of participants the researcher will use a purposive
sampling method. In this type of sampling, participants will be selected or sought based
on preselected criteria based on the research question. The criteria are as follows: must
be a student enrolled in the Senior High School of the Sanchez Mira School of Arts for
the School Year 2019-2020 and frequently using the social media.
Locale of the Study
The study will be conducted at Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades. The
school is a Technical-Vocational School that follows the K to 12 Basic Education

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Curriculum. In its senior high school program, it offers Academic and Technical
-Vocational-Livelihood Track. Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Strand and Accountancy, Business and Management Strand are offered under the
Academic Track., while Industrial Arts Strand and Home Economics Strand are under
TVL Track.
Research Instrument
Semi-structured interview will be the primary instrument in gathering
information essential to the accomplishment of the study. A researcher-prepared
interview guide will be used. The questions will focus on the respondents’ reasons why
they get addicted to social media, how social media affects the personality aspects of
students, and the how they overcome the effects of frequent use of social media.
Interview questions will be stated in English but during the interview, the
questions will be translated into Ilocano so that the respondents will fully understand
what will be asked from them.
Though the questions will be specified in the interview-guide, follow-up
questions will be given by the researcher for clarification.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher will seek permission to conduct the study from the school
principal of the Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades and to the class advisers of the
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participants. A letter of consent will also be given to the participants and to their parents
explaining the purpose of the study.
Upon seeking approval, the researcher will personally interview the subjects
through the use of the set of interview questions. The answers of the interviewees will
be digitally-recorded, in order that every important information will be captured.
Through this process, the researcher will acquire a deeper understanding on the
perceived effects of social media towards the character formulation of students.
Data analysis
Once the data will be transcribed, it will then be coded, analyzed, interpreted and
verified.
The process of transcribing the interviews can help the researcher to gain more
understanding of the subject from repeatedly listening to and reading the transcribed
interviews. Coding the data will begin once all the data will be fully transcribed. The
codes which will be applied are keywords that are used to categorize or organize text
and are considered an essential part of qualitative research (Sarantakos, 1998). The data
will then be analyzed, categorized and organized into themes and further sub-themes
that emerged through the coding process. The themes which will emerge will be
assigned a specific code accordingly. The next stage will be interpreting the data by
identifying any reoccurring themes throughout and highlighting any similarities and
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differences in the data. The final stage will be data verification, this process involves a
process of checking the validity of understanding by rechecking the transcripts and
codes again, thus allowing the researcher to verify or modify hypotheses already arrived
at previously (Sarantakos, 1998).
Ethical Consideration
In conducting any type of research, the researcher will at all times be aware of
the impact which their research will have on participants and on society as a whole and
must, therefore, act accordingly. Kumar (2005) acknowledges that it is unethical to
accumulate information without the knowledge of participants, and their expressed
willingness and informed consent. Therefore, the researcher will make it clear to all
participants that their participation will be on a voluntary basis and that they are free to
withdraw from the study at any time. While conducting this study, the researcher will
ensure informed consent from all participants. They will also be advised that they will
be under no obligation to answer any questions which they may not have felt
comfortable with. Participants will be given advanced notice prior to the interview, a
broad outline of the subject to be discussed, an indication of the type of information that
will be required of the participant, the reasons why the research will be carried out and
how the information which they will provide would be used. Prior to the
commencement of each interview, the participants will be told of the length of time
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involved with the interview and sufficient time will be allowed before and after the
interview for the participant to ask any questions relating to the research topic.
All participants will sign a consent form stating that they are willing to
participate in the interview while also ensuring them confidentiality and anonymity
throughout the process.

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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS
This chapter will draw upon the main themes and present the findings which
arose out of the interview process and subsequent data analysis. First and foremost, a
brief profile of each of the participants is presented. The key themes that emerged
following data analysis on the reasons and effects of frequent use of social media and
the ways to overcome the effects of social media addiction to students. All the themes
are interconnected from analyzing the data it emerged that social media affects the
students behavior.
Participants
 Participant 1 is a Grade 11 ABM student of Sanchez Mira School of Arts and
Trades from Bidduang, Pamplona, Cagayan Valley. She’s using social media
since she was in Grade 9.
 Participant 2 is a Grade 11 STEM student of Sanchez Mira School of Arts and
Trades from Callungan, Sanchez Mira, Cagayan Valley. She’s using social
media since she was in Grade 7.
 Participant 3 is a Grade 11 ABM student of Sanchez Mira School of Arts and
Trades from Langagan, Sanchez Mira, Cagayan Valley. She’s using social media

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 Participant 4 is a Grade 11 STEM student of Sanchez Mira School of Arts and
Trades from Langagan, Sanchez Mira, Cagayan Valley. She’s using social media
 Participant 5 is a Grade 12 FBS student of Sanchez Mira School of Arts and
Trades from Santor, Sanchez Mira, Cagayan Valley. She’s using social media
The first specific question is
What are the reasons why students get addicted to social media?
An analysis of the participants’ response generated the
 Talking with family and friends online
 Source of information
 Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)
 Talking with family and friends online
All participants acknowledged that the reason why students are frequently using
social media is to talk or to communicate with their family and friends online:
The reason why I’m frequently using social media is for some necessary things
like calling and messaging one of my loved ones.
(Participant 1).
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Another participant was using social media to keep touch with her relatives and
friends:
For me, I’m using social media for my everyday life to keep touch with my
friends and relatives especially if there is a family celebration and we need to
communicate with our relatives who are in abroad.
(Participant 2).
Another participant was using social media to communicate with her
classmates:
I’m frequently using social in my everyday life to communicate with my
classmates using messenger in our group chat and I can also ask them the
lessons that they’ve discussed on that day if I’m absent.
(Participant 3).
The finding of the study corroborates with the study of Malik (2018). An
additional reason why students may be addicted to social media is because of how
quickly and easily they can communicate with their friends and families, no matter
where either of them are.

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It is clear from the findings and literature review that students can appear as if
they are addicted to social media, even if they are not, because they devote a lot of
their time to talking to their friends online through these social media platforms.
 Source of information
social media because it’s the source of all informations:
I’m using social media because it’s a great source of information/knowledge for
things that can help in my academic life.
(Participant 1).
Another participant said that by using social media, it is easier to access
information:
I use social media in my academic life because it is easier and convenient to
access information that helps me to do my homeworks in school. And it is easier
to search what I don’t understand in our lessons in our school than opening my
books.
(Participant 2).
The finding runs parallel to the study of Segaren (2019) which stated that
socialmedia plays an increasingly important role in higher education. It’s a rapidly

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evolving field, so there’s plenty of potential to integrate social media platforms and
tools in student learning.
It provides an easy and an effective way in which students can share
knowledge. Students can simply access the information, study, transform (if
needed) and share but students are depending more on the information reachable
easily on these social networking sites and the web. This reduces their learning and
research capabilities.
 Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)
social media because of fear of missing out and to be updated:
I’m always using social media to stay updated on what is going on in the world.
(Participant 2).
Another participant said that the reason why he is using social media is that she
care about what is happening in the world and to her family and friends:
I care about what is going on among my families and friends and even in the
world.
(Participant 5).
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The identified factor is in line with the study of Dr. Rutledge . Sixty-seven percent
of users say that they’re afraid they’ll “miss something” and explained that we have a
brain wired for collaboration, compromise, restraint, comprehending and managing
one’s place in shifting-alliances. We notice when others are doing something that
excludes us. It will trigger some primitive survival responses. People under 30 are still
in the period when they are establishing their own lives, developing personal and
professional identities, becoming economically viable (creating alliances), etc. Their
focus will of necessity be social.
Fear of missing out, or ‘FOMO’, is among the biggest causes of social media
addiction. It is important to know that FOMO may be worsened by the fact that we are
being constantly reminded about what we are missing out on via all the notifications we
receive to our phones.
The second specific question is
How do social media affect the personality aspects of students?
 Problem with Time Management
 Low Grades
 Lazy and disrespectful

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 Problem with Time Management
All participants acknowledged that one of the effects of frequently using social
media to students personality aspects is having problem with time management:
I always had a problem when it comes to time management. This is because I easily
get tired. I cannot manage my time because I’m using social media if I’m not able
to limit my use of it.
(Participant 1).
Another participant said that it affects her time management negatively:
Social media affects my time management negatively because sometimes I’m more
focused on social media than on more important things.
(Participant 2).
This factor corroborates with James (2019). Different studies were carried out to
define how social media affect students time management. Most of them agree that it
steals a lot of precious time. Students get absorbed by various platforms and lose
interest in their studies. Regardless of the purpose, they hang there, the priorities of
students strongly change.
Students aren’t interested in any sort of academic competition and lose any interest.
Even when they try to study, they get distracted by a continuous desire to review a few
videos or send a couple of messages. They lose the possibility to focus on any task for a
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long period of time. Students become obsessed with social media and this is a real
mental deviation.Besides, social media “obsession” leads to many other negative
consequences. Therefore, students and their parents ought to be cautious. They are
supposed to act reasonably and limit time spent on social media. Otherwise, they risk
falling behind their academic programs.
 Low Grades
One participant acknowledged that one of the effects of frequently using social
media to students is having a low grades:
It can distract me as a student which will then lead to lower grades.
Participant 1
The factor of the study corroborates with Posso. According to Posso as cited by
Heitin (2016), children who regularly use online social networks, such as Facebook,
tend to obtain lower scores in math, reading, and science than students who never or
hardly ever use these sites.
Students who log into social networking sites very frequently, regularly post
messages and photos and spend a lot of time there have slightly lower grades. This
negative effect is, however, very small.

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 Lazy and disrespectful
All participants acknowledged that one of the effects of frequently using social
media is they are becoming lazy and disrespectful:
Sometimes social media affects my academic life by not doing my assignments and
activities.
(Participant 2).
Another participant said that she is lazy in doing their assignments and she became
disrespectful to her parents:
Sometimes I’m not interested in reading our lesson and I become lazy at home and
doing my assignments. It also affects my behavior like being disrespectful to my
parents and doesn’t have enough time to bond with my family because I’m more
focused on using social media.
(Participant 3).
Another participant said thatshe is becoming over-dependent on social media and
became lazy:
Over-dependent to social media and I get less productive when I put too much
aattention to social media and become lazy in doing household chores.
(Participant 5).
This finding harmonizes with Eunice(2019). She mentioned that because of social
media addiction, many people become lazy, disrespectful and irresponsible instead of
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helping their parents in household chores that's why we need to use social media in a
good way to avoid this addiction.
Social media seems to be creating a lazy society. We no longer need to have our
own ideas, we can just get ideas from someone else and then chose whether we want to
share or comment on them. We are becoming lazy by relying on the wide reach of the
Internet to do our work for us.
The third specific question is
How do students overcome the effects of frequent use of social media?
 Time Management and Self-discipline
 Turn off notifications
 Limited use of social media
 Spend time with family
 Time Management and Self-discipline
One participant acknowledge that time management and self-discipline is the way
to overcome the effects of social media addiction:
I only have two ways to overcome the effects of social media addiction: Time
Management and Self-discipline.

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(Participant 1).
This finding of the study corroborates with Mitchell (2015). Time management or
scheduling screen time will lead to an important shift in mindset. By marking off blocks
of time for playing or working on your device, you will achieve greater mindfulness and
the activity will become more purposeful and less instinctual.
There should be time that is spent on leisure hours, as well as on learning. If
students find a middle ground, they will avoid all the problems or the effects of social
media addiction.
 Turn off notifications
One of the participant acknowledge that turning off notifications and internet access
can help to overcome the effects of social media addiction:
My ways to overcome social media addiction is by turning off notifications on my
phone when it is not necessary and turning off wifi if I don’t need it but i am only using
it when I need it in doing my requirements in school.
(Participant 2).
The finding of the study corroborates with Avison (2016). To gain control of your
social media addiction turn off your notifications, notifications are a constant reminder
that something is happening in the online world and you might feel like missing out. So
to quell FOMO, turn off notifications. When you do come around to checking social
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media, have a build-up of more notifications which will make it more exciting and will
make the experience more rewarding.
The easiest ways to reduce your time spent on social media is to turn off these
“push” notifications, and “mute’ apps that trigger an insatiable urge to check for
updates.
 Limited use of Social Media
All participants acknowledge that limited use of social media can help to overcome
the effects of social media addiction:
To overcome social media addiction, we should limit ourselves on using it.
(Participant 3).
I should limit myself in using social media every day to overcome the effects on it
on my academic life.
(Participant 4).
This finding harmonizes with Avison (2016). She mentioned to limit yourself: set a
timer on your watch or phone, to limit the amount of time spent on social media.
Our findings strongly suggest that limiting social media use to approximately 30
minutes per day may lead to significant improvement in well-being.
 Spend Time with Family

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One of the participants acknowledge that spending time with families can help
overcome the effects of social media addiction:
For me, we need to spend more time with our family so that it can strengthen our
relationship.
(Participant 5)
The finding corroborates with the study of GCC Exchange (2018). The simple ways
that can help to overcome this enslaving social media addiction are read about a catchy
subject, spend time with loved ones, keep a record of the amount of money spend on
internet, focus on work, keep fewer accounts and listen to music.
In the everlasting race for money and power, we are deprived of quality family
time. We waste the little time we get, on social media. So stop running your fingers on
your mobile and start spending some time with your people. Spending some time with
your loved ones not only refreshes you from within, it also make bonds stronger.
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Interview Protocol
Background Information on Interviewee
Date:
Location:
Name:
Introduction
Good Morning, Mr. / Mrs. ____________________________________. My name is

_________________________________ and I am presently conducting a research
about the impacts of social media on students’ behaviour. The objective of this study is
to gather empirical data and understand their experiences.
Opening Question
Tell me something about yourself,

Mr./Mrs._________________________________________
How long have you been studying at SMSAT?
Content Questions
a.) What are the reasons why students get addicted to social media?
1. What social media platform do you always use?

(Anong social media platform ang palagi mong ginagamit?)
2. Why are you using social media in your everyday life?

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(Bakit mo ginagamit ang social media sa iyong araw-araw na pamumuhay?)
3. What reasons force you to use social media?

(Ano ang mga dahilan kung bakit ka napipilitang gumamit ng social media?)
4. Do you use social media in your academic life?

(Ginagamit mo ba ang social media sa iyong pag-aaral?)
5. How do you use social media in your academic life?

(Paano mo ginagamit ang social media sa iyong pag-aaral?)
6. What are the advantages of advantages and disadvantages of using social

media?
(Ano ang mga magandang naidudulot at hindi magandang naidudulot ng
paggamit ng social media?)
b.) How does social media affect the personality aspects of students?
7. How does frequently using social media affects your academic life?
(Paano nakakaapekto ang madalas na paggamit ng social media sa iyong
pag-aaral?
8. How does social media affects your behaviour?

(Paano nakakaapekto sa iyong pag-uugali ang social media?)
9. How does social media affects your relationship with your family?
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(Paano nakakaapekto ang social media sa iyong relasyon sa iyong pamilya?)
10. What is the effect of social media on your grades?

(Ano ang mga epekto ng social media sa iyong mga marka?)
11. How does social media affects your time management?

(Paano nakakaapekto ang social media sa iyong pamamahala sa oras?)
c.) How do students overcome the effects of frequent use of social media?
12. Do you use social media to forget about personal problem?

(Gumagamit kaba ng social media upang makalimutan mo ang iyong
personal na problema?)
13. Do you become restless or troubled if you are unable to use social media?
(Hindi kaba mapakali o nababagabag kaba kung hindi ka makagamit ng
social media?)
14. How can social media affect your health?

(Paano nakakaapekto sa iyong kalusugan ang social media?)
15. How can you avoid negative impacts of social media?

(Paano mo maiiwasan ang mga negatibong epekto ng social media?)
16. What are your ways to overcome the effects of social media?
(Ano ang iyong mga paraan upang malampasan ang mga epekto ng social
media?)
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Closing Instructions
Thank you very much Mr./Mrs._______________________________________ for

your time and efforts for answering all the questions and for your cooperation with us.
We would like you to know that only this group who would have access to this audio
material and after the research, the content will be erased. If you wish to have a copy of
the abstract of this research, we would be very willing to send you one. Do you have any
question?
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abu-Shanab, Emad & Al-Tarawneh, Heyam. (2015). The Influence of Social Networks
on High School Students' Performance. International Journal of Web-Based
Learning and Teaching Technologies. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281035320_The_Influence_of_Social_N
etworks_on_High_School_Students'_Performance
Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development
of a Facebook addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110, 501–517.
https://doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517
Avison,P.(2016). 7 Ways To Stop Your Social Media Addiction Retrieved from
https://www.bustle.com/articles/144893-7-ways-to-stop-your-social-media-
addiction
Bently,C.(2018). Five Steps To Break Your Social Media Addiction Retrieved from
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescoachescouncil/2018/05/02/five-steps-to-
break-your-social-media-addiction/#4cf4765638be
English Language Blog (2018).Social Media Addiction: Causes, Effects and Possible
Solutions Retrieved from https://www.yourenglishsuccesstoday.com/english-
language-blog/social-media-addiction-causes-effects-and-possible-solutions
Fonseca,K.(2018). How To Get Rid Of Your Social Media Addiction Retrieved from
https://youthincmag.com/how-to-get-rid-of-your-social-media-addiction
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GCC Exchange(2018). 8 Ways to Reduce Social Media Addiction Retrieved from
http://gccexchange.com/blog/8-ways-reduce-social-media-addiction/
Griffiths, M. D. (2010). The role of context in online gaming excess and addiction:
Some case study evidence. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction,
8, 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9229-x
Hootsuite (2017). On Facebook Or LinkedIn? People Change Persona To Suit Each
Social Network, Says Study Retrieved from http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/on-
facebook-or-linkedin-youre-likely-to-adopt-unique-online-persona-for-each-
social-networking-site-1682143
Hou, Y., Xiong, D., Jiang, T., Song, L., & Wang, Q. (2019). Social media addiction: Its
impact, mediation, and intervention. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial
Research on Cyberspace, 13(1), article 4. Retrieved from
https://cyberpsychology.eu/article/view/11562/10373.
J. Hilliard. (2019). What is Social Media Addiction. Addiction Center. Retrieved from
https://www.addictioncenter.com/drugs/social-media-addiction/
Jelenchick, L. A., Eickhoff, J. C., & Moreno, M. A. (2013). “Facebook depression?”
Social networking site use and depression in older adolescents. Journal of
Adolescent Health, 52,128–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.05.008
Koc, M., & Gulyagci, S. (2013). Facebook addiction among Turkish college students:
The role of psychological health, demographic, and usage characteristics.

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Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16, 279–284.
https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0249
Litsa, T. (2015). Do Social Media Change Our Behaviors? Retrieved from
https://wersm.com/do-social-media-change-our-behaviors/
Lowery, T. (2013).Why Social Media Is So Addictive (And Why Marketers Should
Care) Retrieved from https://www.cmswire.com/cms/customer-experience/why-
social-media-is-so-addictive-and-why-marketers-should-care-022276.php/amp/
M. Hudson. (2019). What is Social Media?. Retrieved from
https://www.thebalancesmb.com/what-is-social-media-2890301
Malik, S. (2018).Why Teens Are Addicted to Social Media Retrieved from
https://pedimom.com/why-teens-are-addicted-to-social-media/
Maslow,J. (2019). How Does Social Media Affect Students’ Behavior? Retrieved from
https://socialmediaexplorer.com/social-media-marketing/how-does-social-media-
affect-students-behavior/
Merve ILÄžAZ, (2018). "Social Media Addiction: A Study On High School And
University Students," Turkish Journal of Marketing, Ali Ã‡aÄŸlar Ã‡akmak, vol.
3(3), pages 1-20. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/tjm/journl/2018-3-3-
4.html
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Prior,M.(2018).How to regain control and stop social media from ruling your life
Retrieved from https://www.redbull.com/au-en/stop-social-media-addiction-how-
to
Reyn, B. (2015).How are students addicted to social media?Retrieved from
https://www.statesmanshs.org/1112/features/how-are-students-addicted-to-social-
media/
The Wisdom Post (2018).Social Media Addiction: Meaning, Symptoms, Causes,
Effects, and Treatment | Essay Retrieved from
http://www.thewisdompost.com/essay/addiction/social-media-addiction/social-
media-addiction-meaning-symptoms-causes-effects-treatment/1293
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February 13, 2020
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Dear Participant,
We are Grade 11 students enrolled in Practical Research 1. We are conducting a study
titled “Social Media Addiction: Its Perceived Effects Towards the Character Formation
of Students”. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of social media on
students’ behavior.
In this regard, we want you to be one among our participant and will be subjected for an
interview in any of your free time from February 17 – 21, 2020. Rest assured that there
will be no harm from this interview. Results of the study will be treated with utmost
confidentiality and will be used for educational purposes only.
Thank you very much for your approval.
Respectfully yours,
KIM CHARLOTTE MANZORI DHENMAR JAKE TABIAN
RAFAEL CONSTANTINO JOHN MARK CAMPANO
ROMEO VALDEZ JOHN MICHAEL LUMAGUIP
Noted:
CARLOS B. GARCIA
Subject Teacher
School
February 17, 2020
DR. RONALD B. GAPUSAN

School Principal II
This School
Sir:
We are the grade 11 students enrolled in Practical Research 1. We are conducting a
study titled, “Social Media Addiction: Its Perceived Effects Towards the Character
Formation of Students”. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of social media
on students’ behavior.
In this regard we are asking permission to conduct interviews among the students of
Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades in any of their free time from February 17-21,
2020. Rest assured that there will be no harm from this interview. Results of the study
will be treated with utmost confidentiality and will be used for educational purposes
only.
Thank you very much for your approval.
Respectfully yours,
KIM CHARLOTTE MANZORI DHENMAR JAKE TABIAN
RAFAEL CONSTANTINO JOHN MARK CAMPANO
ROMEO VALDEZ JOHN MICHAEL LUMAGUIP
Noted:
CARLOS B. GARCIA
Subject Teacher
Approved:
RONALD B. GAPUSAN ,PhD
School Principal II
School
Presets of Codes
 Fear of missing
out
REASONS WHY
 Talking with
STUDENTS GET
friends online
ADDICTED TO SOCIAL  Distracted by
MEDIA notifications
 Want to know
how many reacts
they get
 Lazy,
disrespectful and
EFFECTS OF irresponsible
Social Media SOCIAL  Insecurity, anti-
Addiction: Its MEDIA ON social behavior,
perceived STUDENTS  disconnection
effects BEHAVIOR from the world
and egocentrism
towards the
 vulnerable to
character comments and
messages from
their peers
 Don’t have
WAYS TO discipline
OVERCOME  Turn off
SOCIAL MEDIA notification
ADDICTION  Spend time
with family
and friends
 Get a new
hobby
 Read a book

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Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades Senior High

THE CHARACTER FORMATION OF STUDENTS

A Research Proposal Presented to

The Faculty of the Senior High School

Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades

Sanchez Mira, Cagayan

Of the Requirements for the Subject

KIM CHARLOTTE MANZORI

DHENMAR JAKE TABIAN

JOHN MICHAEL LUMAGUIP

JOHN MARK CAMPANO

JOHN RAFAEL CONSTANTINO

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Social media is an internet-based form of communication. Social media

networking sites, photo-sharing sites, instant messaging, video-sharing sites, podcasts,

widgets, virtual worlds, and more.

news ( Hu, 2010).

In addition, addiction as described by the American Psychological

Association (2014) refers to a “compulsive behaviour that leads to negative effects”

social media excessively.

is evident in their actions in schools.

ties in real life.

In a 2010 global research by Universal McCann entitled, “Power to the

excessively on their day-to-day life. Thus, as social media addiction is becoming a

conclusions on the effects of social media addiction to the students’ behavior.

Statement of the Problem

effects of frequent use of social media on students.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

2. How do social media affect the personality aspects of students?

3. How do students overcome the effects of frequent use of social media?

Significance of the Study

The result of this study will be beneficial to the following:

from making social media an addiction.

researchers to expand their knowledge on the prevention and character aspects of

students who are concerned about this type of addiction.

Scope and Delimitation

overcome the effects of constant use of social media.

understanding of the study:

Instagram or other social media platforms that make a person busy.

Personality Aspects refers to a person's characteristic habits of thoughts,

feelings, and behavior.

Perceived Effects refers of becoming aware or to think of effects of social

media addiction towards the personality aspects of students.

REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDIES

the ways to overcome this type of addiction.

Social Media Addiction and The Impacts on One’s Life

using social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.

According to ILazAZ (2018), Addiction is different than habit; it is a condition

media (www.thewisdompost.com). In some researches, Social media addiction is similar

work performances, school performances and negatively impacts one’s life.

innovative and exhibit better memory.

that is defined by being overly concerned about social media, driven by an

media leads to a favorable change in emotional states), salience (i.e., behavioral,

increasing use of social media overtime), withdrawal symptoms (i.e., experiencing

usage after an abstinence period) (www.addictioncenter.com).

addiction have mainly focused on Facebook addiction (e.g., Andreassen, Torsheim,

Facebook addiction in particular, on academic performance.

Reasons Why Students Get Addicted To Social Media

this could lead to social media addiction