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Medical Physics Assignment

This document contains a medical physics assignment submitted by Group 4 to Sir Ahmad Mirza. The group members are listed. The assignment covers topics such as interferential current, Russian current, spark current, and magnetic effects of electric current. It includes multiple choice questions testing knowledge of these topics, as well as short answer questions about Russian current and other concepts.

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MUHAMMAD NAEEM IQBAL
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126 views

Medical Physics Assignment

This document contains a medical physics assignment submitted by Group 4 to Sir Ahmad Mirza. The group members are listed. The assignment covers topics such as interferential current, Russian current, spark current, and magnetic effects of electric current. It includes multiple choice questions testing knowledge of these topics, as well as short answer questions about Russian current and other concepts.

Uploaded by

MUHAMMAD NAEEM IQBAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEDICAL PHYSICS ASSIGNMENT

Submitted to:
Sir Ahmad Mirza

Submitted by:
Group 4

Group Members:
1. Muhammad Naeem Iqbal
2. Ijaz Ahmad
3. Zainab Ali
4. Muqadas
5. Sadia Irshad
6. Mahek Tehreem

Department:
DPT(4th semester)

Topics:
1. Interferential Current
2. Russian Current
3. Spark Current
4. Volves Current
5. Transistor Current
6. Magnetic Effect of an Electric Current
7. Measurement of High Frequency and AC Current
MCQs

1.therapeutically eddy current is used to:


A.produce heat (Correct)
B.produce nerve stimulation
C.apply drug in iontophoresis
D.None of the above

2.in a step transformer:


A.the number of turns of wire in primary coil is more than secondary coil
B. Number of turns in primary and secondary is same
C. The number of turns of wire in secondary coil is more than primary (Correct)

D. None of these

3. A current that produce greater muscular hypertrophy with gain in strength is :


A. Direct current
B. Farady current
C. Russian current (Correct)

D. Dynamic current

4. The type of muscle fibre mostly activated by electrical stimulation are :


A. Type-1 fibre
B. Type -2 a fibre (Correct)

C. Type 2b fibre
D. None of the above

5. The term decimeter wave applies:


A. Infrared
B. Shortwave
C. Microwave (Correct)

D. None of the above

6. The percentage of transmission of aquaponic gel is:


A. 59%
B. 19%
C. 67%
D. 72% (Correct)

7. LASER promote wound healing by:


A. Cell proliferation
B. Increase in RNA production
C. Increase in collagen formation
D. All of above (Correct)

8. In UVR lamp the heat produced in the burner change the quartz to :
A. Silicone
B. Borone
C. Tridymite (Correct)

D. Silicone dioxide

9. A person suffers from a peripheral vascular disorder of the lower limb, he also
suffer from oIontophoresis of knee.which is the best electrotherapy modality of
choice?
A.Iontophoresis (Correct)

B. Infrared
C. Ultraviolet radiation
D. Pulsed diathermy

10. To stretch adherent sacar , the ion selected for iontophoresis is :


A. Magnesium
B. Copper
C. Chloride (Correct)

D. Zinc

11- Russian current is developed by:


a- Yakov Kots (Correct)

b- Ampere
c- Einstein
d- Bohr

12- Russian current has a capacity to ———— sensory and motor nerve fibres.
a- repolarized
b- depolarized (Correct)

c- polarised
d- none of the above

13- Russian current is basically a:


a- high frequency current
b- low frequency current
c- medium frequency current (Correct)

d- none of the above


14- What type of waveform does Russian stimulation employ?
a- sinusoidal waveform (Correct)

b- rectangular waveform
c- triangle waveform
d- sawtooth

15- The maximum Russian current amplitude used in clinic is:


a- 100mA
b- 70mA (Correct)

c- 50mA
d- 30mA

16- What current can be used for neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)?
a- Russian
b- Interferential
c- Biphasic Pulsed
d- All of the above (Correct)

17- What are the contraindications for Russian current?


a- over hemorrhagic area
b- over neoplastic area
c- over the anterior cervical area
d- All of the above (Correct)

18- What is the carrier frequency of Russian current?


a- 50Hz
b- 5 Hz
c- 2500 Hz (Correct)

d- 2.5 Hz

19- How often are bursts of Russian stimulation delivered?


a- 50/sec (Correct)

b- 100/sec
c- 150/sec
d- none of the above

20- What is the interburst interval of Russian stimulation?


a- 10msec (Correct)

b- 20msec
c- 30msec
d- 40msec
—————————————————

21- The junction formed between the emitter and base regions is called the
——————— junction.
a- collector
b- PN
c- NPN
d- emitter (Correct)

22- The ————— junction in a bipolar transistor is usually reverse-biased.


a- collector (Correct)

b- emitter
c- NPN
d- none of the above

23- The current which flows through the base terminal to the source voltage in a
bipolar transistor is:
a- amplifier
b- collector
c- base current (Correct)

d- NPN transistor

24- The emitter junction in a bipolar transistor is usually——————-:


a- forward-biased (Correct)

b- reverse-biased
c- both a & b
d- none of the above

25- —————— is a semiconductor that has 3 or more elements.


a- resistor
b- transistor (Correct)

c- capacitor
d- amplifier

26- Which technology did transistor replace?


a- thyristors
b- electromagnetic switches
c- vacuum tube (Correct)

d- AND, OR & NAND Gate

27- What element is used for the transistor construction today?


a- Germanium
b- Gallium Arsenate
c- Silicon Dioxide
d- Silicon (Correct)

28- What characteristic clearly distinguishes semiconductor from metals and non
metals?
a- electrical conductivity (Correct)

b- luster
c- ductility
d- insulation properties

29- Elements of a transistor is:


a- emitter
b- base
c- collector
d- All of the above (Correct)

30- Combination of fixed and ———— bias improve stability and overcome
individual disadvantage.
a- self (Correct)

b- forward
c- reverse
d- none
————————————————
31- Generators at a power station produce electric power at voltage:
a- 45kW
b- 50kW
c- 60kW
d- 25kW (Correct)

32- Equation which measures alternating voltage is:


a- Vo sinωt (Correct)

b- Vsin ω
c- sin t
d- V=IR

33- In transformer, alternating current is induced in:


a- primary coil
b- secondary coil (Correct)

c- iron core
d- resistor
34- High voltages lead to:
a- less power loss (Correct)

b- more power loss


c- high current
d- high resistance

35- Graph of alternating current is ———— wave.


a- cos wave
b- tan wave
c- curve
d- sine wave (Correct)

36- The process in which A.C is converted into D.C is called


a- induction
b- rectification (Correct)

c- inversion
d- dispersion

37- Highest point on AC graph is known as


a- peak value (Correct)

b- amplitude
c- frequency
d- wave front

38- If we connect a AC volt meter to read AC voltage, it would read its:


a- zero
b- valued average over a cycle
c- instantaneous value
d- RMS values (Correct)

39- The basic circuits elements of AC circuit are:


a- resistor
b- inductor
c- capacitor
d- All of the above (Correct)

40- At higher frequency of AC, the capacitive reactance Xc :


a- increase
b- decreases (Correct)

c- remain the same


d- none of the above

41- What should be the core of an electromagnet?


a. soft iron (Correct)
b. hard iron
c. rusted iron
d. none of above

42-  Who has stated the Right hand Thumb Rule?


a. Orsted
b. Fleming
c. Einstein
d. Maxwell (Correct)

43-  In all the electrical appliances, the switches are put in the
a. live wire
b. earth wire
c. neutral wire (Correct)
d. all of above

44-  What is the condition of an electromagnetic induction?


a. there must be a relative motion between the coil of wire and galvanometer
b. there must be a relative motion between the galvanometer and a magnet
c. there must be a relative motion between galvanometer and generator
d. there must be a relative motion between the coil of wire and a magnet
(Correct)

45-  No force acts on a current carrying conductor when it is placed-


a. perpendicular to the magnetic field
b. parallel to the magnetic field (Correct)
c. far away from the magnetic field
d. inside a magnetic field

46-  What is that instrument which can detect the presence of electric current in a
circuit?
a. galvanometer (Correct)
b. motor
c. generator
d. none of above

47-  Which device produces the electric current?


a. generator (Correct)
b. galvanometer
c. ammeter
d. motor e

48-  What is electromagnetic induction?


a. the process of charging a body
b. The process of rotating a coil of an electric motor. (Correct)
c. producing induced current in a coil due to relative motion between a magnet
and the coil
d. The process of generating magnetic field due to a current passing through a coil.

49-  What happens to the current in short circuit?


a. reduces substantially
b. .does not change
c. increases heavily (Correct)
d. vary continuously

50-  An alpha particle is diverted towards west is deflected towards north by a


field. The field is magnetic. What will be the direction of field?
a. Towards south
b. towards east
c. downward (Correct)
d. upward

51. Which device is present within the power supply of amplifier?


Ans: ~Rectifier (Correct)

52. The amplifier for rectification is not in:


Ans: ~single chain (Correct)

53. The main function of rectifier is to convert voltage;


Ans: ~ AC into DC (Correct)

54. Which voltage is reqired by valves for their anodes?


Ans: ~ DC voltage (Correct)
55. Without DC voltage in valves the amplification is;
Ans: ~ impossible (Correct)
56. AC voltage is converted into DC voltage which is;
Ans: ~ constant (Correct)
57. DC voltage has;
Ans: ~ positive voltage value (Correct)
58. Rectifier supply power to the:
Ans: ~ amplifier (Correct)
59. Anodes of power valves require;
Ans: ~ DC voltage (Correct)
60. Key part of amplifier’s power supply is;
Ans: ~ rectifier valve (Correct)
61. Rectifier valve is also called;
Ans: ~ diode (Correct)
SHORT QUESTIONS

1- What are Russian current?


Ans: Russian current are alternating current at a frequency of 2.5 kHz with a 50%
duty cycle.The stimulus is applied for a 10 second “on” period followed by a 50
second “of” period with a recommended time of 10 minutes per stimulation
session.

2- What are the indications for Russian current?


Ans: *The only indication for use of Russian current as introduce by Kots in 1977 is
to strengthening the muscular system of healthy and athletic person.
*Post-knee ligaments surgery
*Post arthroscopic knee surgery
*Post casting
*Muscle spasm

3- How does high frequency works?


Ans: Due to its rapid rate of oscillation, high frequency works at toning the skin by
causing a circulation rush to the skin in addition to partial thermal tissue warming.

4- Define alternating current (AC).


Ans: An electrical current which changes its direction of flow at regular intervals of
time is called alternating current.

5- What are Sparks made of?


Ans: Sparks are tiny pieces of material that are hot enough to produce visible light.
With fire, it is tiny particles of burning wood. In welding, it is the superheated
welding material. When smithing, it is tiny chunks of the hot metal.

6- What is an interferential current?

Ans: Interferential current stimulation (IFCS) is a type of electrical stimulation that


uses paired electrodes of 2 independent circuits carrying high-frequency (4,000 Hz)
and medium-frequency (150 Hz) alternating currents. The superficial electrodes are
aligned on the skin around the affected area

7- What is the magnetic effect of an electric current?


Ans: The magnetic effect of an electric current is also known as electromagnetic
effect. It is observed that when a compass is brought near a current carrying
conductor the needle of compass gets deflected because of flow of electricity. This
shows that electric current produces a magnetic effect.

8. what does a rectifier valve do?


Ans: Rectifier valve also called diode, is the key part of amplifier’s power supply. Its
main function is to convert the ac voltage coming from transformer into high dc
voltage required by valve in amplifier

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