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Notes On HEART

The heart is a muscular organ located in the center of the chest between the lungs. It has four chambers: left and right atria receive blood, and left and right ventricles pump blood out. The left ventricle's wall is thicker as it pumps blood throughout the body requiring more pressure. The heart has valves to regulate blood flow and prevent backflow. It works by filling the atria with blood from the body and lungs, then contracting to pump blood through the ventricles to the lungs and body.

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71 views2 pages

Notes On HEART

The heart is a muscular organ located in the center of the chest between the lungs. It has four chambers: left and right atria receive blood, and left and right ventricles pump blood out. The left ventricle's wall is thicker as it pumps blood throughout the body requiring more pressure. The heart has valves to regulate blood flow and prevent backflow. It works by filling the atria with blood from the body and lungs, then contracting to pump blood through the ventricles to the lungs and body.

Uploaded by

hk roy
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MAPLE LEAF INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Class VI (Boys), Session: January


Biology
CHAPTER 4B (THE HEART)
The heart is an organ which pumps blood all around the body. It is made up of special type of muscle
called cardiac muscle. It is located in the middle of the chest (between the lungs), slightly tilted towards
the left. The heart has two sides: left and right. The left side is separated from the right side by a
muscular wall called septum. The heart has four chambers:

- Left atrium
- Right atrium
- Left ventricle
- Right ventricle

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because the left ventricle needs to pump
blood all around the body which requires a lot of pressure whereas the right ventricle pumps blood only
to the lungs which is near to the heart and requires less pressure.

The left side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood and the right side of the heart deals with
deoxygenated blood.

Blood which comes from the lungs, which is full of oxygen, ready to be delivered to the cells is known as
oxygenated blood.

Blood which comes from the body cells, which has little oxygen left in it and goes to the lungs for
gaseous exchange is known as deoxygenated blood.
Heart beat is the contraction and relaxation of the heart per minute.

Heart rate is the speed of heart beat specifically the number of heart beats per unit of time.
Normal heart rate is around 70 beats per minute.

The heart has valves inside it. Two valves located between the atria and ventricles are called cuspid or
atrio-ventricular valves. Two valves located between the ventricles and arteries are semilunar valves.
Valves are needed inside the heart to regulate the direction of blood flow and also to prevent mixing
and backward flow.

To keep the blood flowing smoothly both sides of the heart must work together.

First the top two chambers or atria are filled with blood. The right atrium is filled with deoxygenated
blood which comes from the body through the vena cavae and the left atrium is filled with oxygenated
blood which comes from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.

When they are full, both of them contract together. This pushes all the blood down to the bottom two
chambers or ventricles.

Now the ventricles contract together. This action forces the blood out of the heart. It goes into two
arteries. The deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs through the pulmonary
artery and the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle goes to the rest of the body through aorta.

The blood vessel which carries food and oxygen to the heart muscle is called coronary artery and the
blood vessel which carries metabolic wastes away from the heart muscle is called coronary vein.

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