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Department of Education: Learning Activity Sheet

The document compares Aristotle and Galileo's concepts of motion. Aristotle believed motion was determined by an object's nature and required continuous external forces, while Galileo saw force as interfering with perpetual motion. Key differences included Aristotle thinking vertical motion depended on composition, while Galileo showed all objects accelerate at 9.8 m/s2 due to gravity. Horizontal motion also required continuous external forces for Aristotle but not for Galileo. The document provides activities demonstrating concepts like air resistance.

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113 views

Department of Education: Learning Activity Sheet

The document compares Aristotle and Galileo's concepts of motion. Aristotle believed motion was determined by an object's nature and required continuous external forces, while Galileo saw force as interfering with perpetual motion. Key differences included Aristotle thinking vertical motion depended on composition, while Galileo showed all objects accelerate at 9.8 m/s2 due to gravity. Horizontal motion also required continuous external forces for Aristotle but not for Galileo. The document provides activities demonstrating concepts like air resistance.

Uploaded by

Ljae Natino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION XII
DIVISION OF SULTAN KUDARAT
ISULAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Name: ___________________________ Grade & Section: _______________ Score: _____


Subject: Teacher: ___________________________
Quarter: ____________________________ MELC Code: _______________________

Module 2: Aristolean and Galilean Concept of Motion

A. What Is It?
Nature of Motion. Motion, is the change with time, the position or
orientation of a body.

Aristotelean Concepts on Motion. For Aristotle, a non-measurable force


existed within an object that compels it to behave in a certain manner.
Motion is among the behaviors of an object. Aristotle taught that motion was
primarily determined by the nature of the substance that was moving. He
also said that motion can either be a natural motion or a violent motion.
Referring to natural motion, he maintained that an object will move and will
eventually return to its natural state depending on the composition of the
object, and as to violent motion, an object will move if an external force such
as pushing or pulling is applied to it. Here, force is considered as a
controlling factor of the only reason why there is motion. Aristotle also
believed that the laws governing the motion of the heavens were a different
set of laws than those that governed motion on the earth.

Galilean Concepts on Motion. For Galileo, “Motion is a natural state which


continue until altered” or motion continued unless interfered with. He sees
force as interference of motion rather than cause of it as believed by
Aristotle. After conducting experiments, he concluded that without gravity to
speed the descent and slow the ascent, and without friction, objects would
not start or stop moving at all. Unlike Aristotle, Galileo described motion by
introducing the concept of time and its relationship with space or location as
in the discovery of the acceleration due to gravity which is 9.8 m/s2.This
means that his description of motion included logic and mathematics.

Vertical Motion. For Aristotle, as mentioned earlier, the behavior of objects


depends upon their composition, so heavy objects, likes stones, tend to fall
downwards. On the other hand, light objects, such as fire, tend to move
upwards. These behaviors -- gravity and levity or heaviness and lightness
respectively-- were deemed by Aristotle to be part of the essential nature of
those objects. The significant point here is that the factors determining the
behavior of an object, all originate within the object to be explained, and
depend upon the unobservable nature of that object.
Serbisyong may Integridad, Kalidad, Angat, at Tapat

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat


Telephone No.: (064) 471 1007
Website:https://depedsultankudarat.orgEmail: depedsk.r12@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII
DIVISION OF SULTAN KUDARAT
ISULAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Galileo, on the other hand, conducted experiments from which he was able
to show that pure freefall acceleration is uniform and constant for all objects
regardless of their own size and weight, and that acceleration is 9.8 m/s2.
This means that all objects, no matter how heavy or how light they are, fall
to the ground with the same acceleration which is due to gravity. This
further means that it was Galileo who first established the idea that all
objects on the surface of the earth are being pulled by the earth’s
gravitational force at an acceleration of 9.8 m/s 2, so any object tossed
upward will surely fall back to the ground.

Horizontal Motion. In terms of horizontal motion, Aristotle believes that


objects move not by their nature but because of impressed forces. This
means that bodies need push or pull to maintain horizontal motion. As for
Galileo, objects will move along the same plane with a motion which is
uniform and perpetual, provided the plane has no limits, meaning there are
no interferences such as friction.

Projectile Motion. Aristotle described projectile motion as motion of an


object which is moving parallel to the ground due to an ‘impetus’ until it is
time for it to fall back into the ground. Movement continues in straight line
until the impetus is expended causing the object to fall to the ground.
‘impetus’ refers to a force, so this means that a stone thrown horizontally
continues to move in the same direction until the force is used up which
would cause the stone to fall to the ground. Galileo established that the
motion of a projectile is a combination of constant horizontal velocity and
vertical motion, in which the projectile accelerates at a rate of 9.8 m/s².
Recognizing that falling objects accelerate downward at the same uniform
rate even if they are moving horizontally allowed him to describe the motion
of projectiles. Algebra

Acceleration in a Vacuum. It was mentioned earlier that friction is an


interference to motion. This means the presence of friction can slow down or
stop motion. This can be understood easily on a visibly rough surface. But
what about in air that we can’t see, is there friction? Yes, we call this air
resistance.

Suggested Action 1: From the same height, drop a basketball and a piece of
paper? Which will reach the ground first? Answer: Basketball

Suggested Action 2: Crumple the paper you used in action 1, and repeat
Action 1. Which will reach the ground first? Answer: Both hit the ground at
the same time. Why? Air resistance is present in both instances, but it was
lessened in Action 2 due to the decrease in the volume of the piece of paper

Serbisyong may Integridad, Kalidad, Angat, at Tapat

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat


Telephone No.: (064) 471 1007
Website:https://depedsultankudarat.orgEmail: depedsk.r12@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII
DIVISION OF SULTAN KUDARAT
ISULAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

because it was crumpled. Air resistance offers opposition to motion, slowing


down a moving object.

The above observations were made by Galileo during his time which led him
to conclude that all objects fall with the uniform acceleration in vacuum. A
vacuum is a place where there is no air, therefore, no air resistance. This is
because in a vacuum there would be no interference to motion, so nothing
affects the falling object except gravity.

Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion of Frictionless Motion and


Newton’s Law of Inertia. Galileo’s Assertion: If friction were absent, a
rolling ball would continue to move with constant velocity, unless a push or
pull compels it to change state. Newton’s Law on Inertia: A body remains at
rest or moves in straight line of constant velocity if no external forces act on
it. What is the difference between the two ideas? It is the terminology used
by the two scientists. Galileo used the terms push or pull; Newton made use
of the term force.

B. Learning Activities
Complete the table by describing the three concepts according to the
thoughts of Galileo and Aristotle. One phrase or sentence is enough.

Scientist Basic Concept Vertical Horizontal


on Motion Motion Motion
Aristotle
(384-322 BCE) Greek
Galileo Galilei
(1564- 1642) Italian

C. References

LAS Development Team

Author: MARY ANN M. BAUTISTA, T-II


Editor: SDO La Union Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr., Schools Division Superintendent


Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PhD, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, PhD, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, PhD, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D., EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
Serbisyong may Integridad, Kalidad, Angat, at Tapat

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat


Telephone No.: (064) 471 1007
Website:https://depedsultankudarat.orgEmail: depedsk.r12@deped.gov.ph

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