MEASURES OF

CENTRAL TENDENCY
(UNGROUPED DATA)
for Research - Special Science High School Grade 8
Quarter 4 / Week 1 (1st Cycle)

1
 FOREWORD

This Self-Learning Kit (SLK) is a ready-to-use material for the

learners to develop and enhance their skills in research. This will
serve as a guide in finding the measures of central tendency for
ungrouped data.

In this learning kit, the students will gain knowledge on

Measures of Central Tendency.

This learning kit is composed of three parts:

I. What Happened. This section provides activities that will prepare

learners to the discussion of the topic provided in this material.

II. What You Need To Know. This is the discussion section of the SLK.
Exercises after the discussion are also provided to further enrich
student’s learning of the topic.

III. What Have I Learned. This portion will gauge student’s learning
and will determine how much the learner has learned.
LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Determine the appropriate statistics for organizing

and describing the numerical data gathered.

OBJECTIVE:

K: Identifies the process in finding the mean, median, and

mode of ungrouped data;
S: Find the mean, median and mode of ungrouped data; and
A: Develop awareness of the process in finding of the mean,
median and mode of ungrouped data.

1
I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITY/ PRE-TEST:

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is TRUE

and F if FALSE. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. It is possible for a given set of data not to have a mode.

2. A measure of central tendency is a single value which is used to

represent an entire set of data.

3.A distribution that has two modes is called unimodal.

4.The ‘mean’, the ‘median’ and the ‘mode’ are all measures of central
tendency.

5. The mean of a set of scores is the sum of all the scores in the set
divided by the number of scores.

6. Median is not affected by extreme values.

7. Mean is used when you want to find the value which occurs most
often.

8. Mode is the score or class in the distribution wherein 50% of the score
fall below it and another 50% lie.

9. Mode is the most unreliable among the three measures of central

tendency because its value is undefined in some observations.

10. It is possible to have three or more mode in a set of data.

2
II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Measures of Central Tendency

• This refers to numerical descriptive measures which indicate

or locate the center of distribution or a data set.
• In layman’s term, a measure of central tendency is an
AVERAGE. It is a single number of value which can be
considered typical in a set of data as a whole.

1. Mean
- It is the most widely used; sometimes called the arithmetic
mean.
- If we compute the mean of the population, we call it
the parametric or population mean, denoted by μ
(read as “mu”).
- If we get the mean of the sample, we call it the
sample mean and it is denoted by𝑥̅ (read “x bar”).
- To find for the mean of ungrouped data, use the
formula:
∑𝑥
𝑥̅ =
𝑛
Where: 𝑥̅ = mean
∑ 𝑥 = sum of the measurements or
values n
n = number of measurements

3
Example 1
Ms. Sulit collects the data on the ages of Mathematics
teachers in Santa Rosa School, and her study yields the
following data:

38 35 28 36 35 33 40
She would like to solve for the mean
∑𝑥
Solution:𝑥̅ = 𝑛

38+35+28+36+35+33+40 245
𝑥̅ = = = 35
7 7

Based on the computed mean, 35 is the average age of

Mathematics teachers in SRS.

Example 2
Mang John is a meat vendor. The following are his sales
for the past six days:

Tuesday P 5 800, Wednesday 8 600, Thursday 6 500, Friday

4 300, Saturday 12 500, and Sunday 13 400.

Compute his daily mean sales

∑𝑥
Solution:𝑥̅ = 𝑛

5,800 + 8,600 + 6,500 + 4,300 + 12,500 + 13,400

𝑥̅ =
6
51,100
= 6 = 8,516.67

The average daily sales of Mang John is P8,516.67.

4
2. Median
•- denoted asnumber,
If n is odd Md then Identify the middle most
- the middle value of the the
score and that will be median
sample when the
Example: data/score is arranged in order according to
Find the median of Ryan’s score in English.
its size.
23, 18, 21, 15, 16, 20, 12
Properties of the Median
Solution:
1. It is the score or class in the distribution wherein 50% of the
score fall 12, 15, 16,18,
below it and 20, 21, 2350% lie above it.
another
2. It is not affected by extreme or deviant values.
The
3. Itmiddle-most
is appropriate score is 18,
to use when hencethere are extreme or deviant
Thevalues.
median is 18.
4. It is used when the data are ordinal.
3.
5. Mode
It exists in both quantitative and qualitative data.
- the score or scores that appear/s
Steps: most frequently in the given set of data or
1. Arrange
distribution.the data/score either from highest to
lowest(descending)
- classified as: or from lowest to highest(ascending).
2. Then determine ➢ Unimodal – a distribution
the middle most score orinset
theofdistribution.
data
• If n is even number, with only
then getone
themode.
average of the
two middle most score.
➢ Bimodal – a distribution or set of data
Example: that consists of two modes.
Find the median of Johnny’ scores in Math.
➢ Multimodal – a distribution or set of
12, 8, 5, 15, 18, 10,data
11, 20that consists of three or
Solution: more modes.
11+12
5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20 = 2 = 11.5
Sometimes, a set of data has no mode.
Properties of Mode
The median is 11.5
1. It is used when you want to find the value which occurs
most often.

median
5
2. It is a quick approximation of the average.
3. It is an inspection average.
4. It is the most unreliable among the three measures of
central tendency because its value is undefined in some
observations.

Examples:
Find the Mode.
1. The ages of five students are: 17, 18, 23, 20, and 19.
Solution:
17, 18, 19, 23, 20
This set of data has no mode because there is no score that
appears more than the other.

2. The following are the descriptive evaluations of 5 teachers:

VS, S, VS, VS, OS.
Solution:
S, VS, VS, VS, OS
VS is the mode of the given set of data because it is the
most frequently occurring description (unimodal)

3. The grades of five students are: 4.0, 3.5, 4.0, 3.5, and 1.0.
Solution:
1.0, 3.5, 3.5, 4.0, 4.0
The mode for this given set of data are 3.5 and 4.0 (bimodal)

4. The weights of five boys in pounds are: 117, 218, 233, 120,
and 117
Solution:
117, 117, 120, 218, 233, 120, 213, 233
The mode for this given set of data are 117, 120 and 233
(trimodal)

6
Activity 1
Do the following tasks in your notebook.

DIRECTION: Find the mean, median, and mode of data below which show the
score of 30 students in the 2012 Division Achievement Test (DAT).

35 16 28 43 21 17 15 16 20 18

25 22 33 18 32 38 23 32 18 25

35 18 20 22 36 22 20 14 39 22

7
III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED

POST TEST:

A. Directions: Choose the correct answer and copy the letter and the content
of your choice in your notebook.

1. The observation which occurs most frequently in a sample is the.

A. mean B. median C. mode D. none of these

2. What is the median of the sample 5, 5, 11, 9, 8, 5, 8?

A. 5 B. 6 C. 8 D. 9
3. It is the center of most observation that divides the data.
A. mean B. median C. mode D. none of these

Items 3 - 5 refer to the information below.

The following scores were obtained by eleven footballers in a goal-shoot
competition: 5, 3, 6, 8, 7, 8, 3, 11,10, 3, 2,
4. Modal score was
A. 3 B. 6 C. 8 D. 11

5. Median score was

A. 3 B. 6 C. 8 D. 11

6. Mean score was

A. 3 B. 6 C. 8 D. 11

7. It is the center of most observation that divides the data.

A. mean B. median C. mode D. none of these

8. Find the median of the following set of observation: 11, 11, 13, 15, 16,
17, 18, 18, 19, 20
A. 16.5 B. 15.5 C. 17.5 D. 15

8
9. The following are properties of median EXCEPT:
A. Median is affected by extreme or deviant values.
B. Median is appropriate to use when there are extreme or deviant values.
C. Median is used when the data are ordinal.
D. Median exists in both quantitative and qualitative data.

10. What is the median of the following set of scores: 9, 5, 10, 12, 14?
A. 10 B. 14 C. 19, D. 12

11. It is the middle value of the sample when the data/score is arranged in
order according to its size.
A. Mean B. median D. mode D. none of these

12. The following statements are the properties of mode EXCEPT:

A. It is used when you want to find the value which occurs most often.
B. It is a quick approximation of the average.
C. It is an inspection average.
D. It is the most reliable among the three measures of central tendency.

For items 12-13 refer to the information below.

The ages of five students are: 17, 18, 21, 20, and 19.
13. The mean was:
A. 17 B. 18 C. 19 D. 20

14. The median was:

A. 17 B. 19 C. 19 D. 20

For items 14-15 refer to the information below.

On his first 5 biology tests, Bob received the following scores: 80, 80, 90, 60, and
80
15. The mean was:
A. 80 B. 70 C. 78 D. 60

16. The mode was:

A. 80 B. 70 C. 78 D. 60

9
 REFERENCES

Pegollo,Chie. 2012. Measures of Central Tendency.

https://bit.ly/3tOwtfm

10
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS, JD, EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY
CID Chief
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ELISA L. BAGUIO, EdD

Education Program Supervisor – (MATH)

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

GERLIE T. CADUNGOG
CHE ISIDORE B. PARTOSA
Writers

CHRISTIAN EVEN D. SANTILLAN

Lay-out Artist

_________________________________

ALPHA QA TEAM
NOLAN RYAN M. ALAS-AS
FLORENCIO BARTOLO JR.
CHRISTIAN EVEN D. SANTILLAN
MELBA S. TUMARONG

BETA QA TEAM
MELBA S. TUMARONG

11
SYNOPSIS

After going through this Self- Learning Kit, you were able to find the
measures of central tendency of ungrouped data.

ANSWER KEY

ABOUT THE AUTHOR 15. A

14. C
13. C
CHE ISIDORE B. PARTOSA 12. C
is a Grade 8 Math and 11. D
Research teacher of 10. B
Zamboanguita Science
9. A

High School (ZSHS). He

8. A
7. A
obtained his Bachelor of 6. B
Secondary Education 5. B
major in Mathematics at 4. B
Negros Oriental State 3. A
University (NORSU) in 2013 and completed his
2. C

academic requirements with his Master of Arts in

1. C
A.
Mathematics Teaching in the same university. POST-TEST

GERLIE T. CADUNGOG is a 10. T

Grade 10 English and a 9. T
Grade 8 Technical
8. F
7. F
Writing teacher of 6. T
Zamboanguita Science 5. T
High School (ZSHS). She 4. T
obtained her bachelor's 3. F
degree at Negros
2. T

Oriental State University (NORSU-Siaton Campus)

1. T

with the degree of Bachelor of Secondary PRE-TEST

Education major in English and Literature in 2002.

12