Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 30 views

    Naptha: Petroleum Technology 17-03-2021

    Uploaded by

    Lakshya Saxena
    Naptha is a light distillate of crude oil with a boiling point range of 36-235°C. It is a complex mixture used as a commercial solvent and in producing petrochemicals through steam cracking. Naptha is classified based on its boiling point as light, intermediate, or heavy. Catalytic reforming or cracking of naptha yields high octane reformate and gasoline blending components. Tests on naptha include measuring acidity, specific gravity, sulfur content, C/H ratio, and boiling point range to characterize properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Naptha: Petroleum Technology 17-03-2021

    Uploaded by

    Lakshya Saxena
    30 views4 pages
    Naptha is a light distillate of crude oil with a boiling point range of 36-235°C. It is a complex mixture used as a commercial solvent and in producing petrochemicals through steam cracking. Naptha is classified based on its boiling point as light, intermediate, or heavy. Catalytic reforming or cracking of naptha yields high octane reformate and gasoline blending components. Tests on naptha include measuring acidity, specific gravity, sulfur content, C/H ratio, and boiling point range to characterize properties.

    Original Title

    6

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Naptha is a light distillate of crude oil with a boiling point range of 36-235°C. It is a complex mixture used as a commercial solvent and in producing petrochemicals through steam cracking. Naptha is classified based on its boiling point as light, intermediate, or heavy. Catalytic reforming or cracking of naptha yields high octane reformate and gasoline blending components. Tests on naptha include measuring acidity, specific gravity, sulfur content, C/H ratio, and boiling point range to characterize properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views4 pages

    Naptha: Petroleum Technology 17-03-2021

    Uploaded by

    Lakshya Saxena
    Naptha is a light distillate of crude oil with a boiling point range of 36-235°C. It is a complex mixture used as a commercial solvent and in producing petrochemicals through steam cracking. Naptha is classified based on its boiling point as light, intermediate, or heavy. Catalytic reforming or cracking of naptha yields high octane reformate and gasoline blending components. Tests on naptha include measuring acidity, specific gravity, sulfur content, C/H ratio, and boiling point range to characterize properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Petroleum Technology 17-03-2021

    Naptha
    • Complex mixture of C5-C13, contains paraffins, oleffins, naphthenes and aromatics,
    etc.

    • Uses: Commercial solvent, varnish and paint manufacturing, fertilizer feed stock,
    feed stock for steam cracker in petrochemical industry producing hydrogen,
    methane, ethane, propene, butane, benzene, etc. which are raw material for further
    processing

    • Light distillate of crude oil, generic name given to light hydrocarbons boiling in
    gasoline range of 36-235°C

    • Boiling range of various napthas: e.g. C5-85°C, 60-85°C, C5-200°C

    • Classification: Light neptha (B.P. < 100°C), Intermediate neptha (100 < B.P. <
    150°C) and heavy naptha (B.P. > 150°C)

    • Catalytic reforming of neptha yields a C6-C8 reformate rich in aromatic


    hydrocarbons (Benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.) with high octane number 93-94,
    suitable for gasoline blending

    • Fluid catalytic cracking of neptha is used to produce high octane value product (92-
    94) for gasoline blending

    1
    Petroleum Technology 17-03-2021

    Important characters and tests for Naptha


    • Acidity

    • Specific gravity

    • Sulphur content

    • C/H ratio

    • Boiling point range

    Acidity
    • New and used petroleum products may contain acidic constituents present as
    additives or as degradation products, such as oxidation products.

    • Total acidity is an indication of the corrosive properties of the product.

    • Total acidity is measure of combined organic and inorganic acidity.

    • Inorganic acid is a measure of mineral acids present. Organic acidity is obtained by


    deducting the inorganic acidity from total acidity.

    • The acids in sample are extracted in neutral alcohol and then titrated against
    standard alcoholic potassium hydroxide under hot conditions.

    2
    Petroleum Technology 17-03-2021

    Density and Specific Gravity


    • Measured over range of temperatures, usually for convenience at the temperature at
    which the fuel is to be stored.

    • Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a fluid to that of water at same
    temperature. The temperature usually specified is 15.56°C.

    • In USA, specific gravity of an oil is often expressed as ˚API.


    .
    °API = . ° / . °
    − 131.5

    • The specific gravity is an indication of the type of the hydrocarbon present, being
    highest for aromatic and lowest for paraffins. The API gravity reverses the
    relationship.

    • The most accurate method of determining the specific gravity of the oil is to weigh a
    known volume in a specific gravity bottle at 15.56°C.

    • Another method for determining specific gravity of the oil is by means of a set of
    hydrometers. A hydrometer is placed in oil sample at 15.56˚C and allowed to come
    to rest. The specific gravity is shown on the scale at the point coincident with the
    surface of the oil.

    3
    Petroleum Technology 17-03-2021

    Gasoline (Motor Spirit)


    • One of most widely used petroleum product and light distillate (B.P. = 30-180˚C)

    • Prepared by mixing various components (≈ C5-C10) produced from refining process


    (e.g. atmospheric distillation, polymerization, alkylation, etc.)

    • Constituents: Normal and branched paraffins, cyclo-paraffins, aromatics, olefins

    • Isoparffins, cyclo-paraffins, aromatics present in gasoline have good octane


    numbers. Minimum octane number reuired for motor gasoline = 87

    • Olefins: unstable for storage and having gum forming tendency, Oxidation stability
    = 360 minutes

    • Total maximum sulphur content = 0.25 wt%, Max lead content: 0.8 g/L

    • Primary quality factors required in any spark-ignition engines: Combustion,


    volatility and cleanliness

    • Use of additives to inhibit knocking, gum formation and icing of carburettor

    Volatility Characteristics
    • Sufficient volatile fuel, easy starting, rapid warm-up and adequate vaporization for
    proper distribution between cylinders
    • Not highly volatile to prevent excessive vapour loss from fuel tank and vapour lock
    in fuel line

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy