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    Potentiometer Working Priciple

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    Eti-ini Akpan
    The potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. It works by using the property that potential across any portion of a resistive wire is directly proportional to its length. The potentiometer consists of a long resistive wire connected to a known voltage source, and a wiper that can be moved along the wire. By measuring the potential difference between the wiper and another point, the position of the wiper can be determined, allowing the potentiometer to be used for applications like controlling audio volume or brightness. Potentiometers can be either rotary types that are adjusted via a rotating shaft or knob, or linear types that use a sliding wiper

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    Potentiometer Working Priciple

    Uploaded by

    Eti-ini Akpan
    283 views3 pages
    The potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. It works by using the property that potential across any portion of a resistive wire is directly proportional to its length. The potentiometer consists of a long resistive wire connected to a known voltage source, and a wiper that can be moved along the wire. By measuring the potential difference between the wiper and another point, the position of the wiper can be determined, allowing the potentiometer to be used for applications like controlling audio volume or brightness. Potentiometers can be either rotary types that are adjusted via a rotating shaft or knob, or linear types that use a sliding wiper

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    Potentiometer

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    potentiometer working priciple

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    The potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. It works by using the property that potential across any portion of a resistive wire is directly proportional to its length. The potentiometer consists of a long resistive wire connected to a known voltage source, and a wiper that can be moved along the wire. By measuring the potential difference between the wiper and another point, the position of the wiper can be determined, allowing the potentiometer to be used for applications like controlling audio volume or brightness. Potentiometers can be either rotary types that are adjusted via a rotating shaft or knob, or linear types that use a sliding wiper

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    283 views3 pages

    Potentiometer Working Priciple

    Uploaded by

    Eti-ini Akpan
    The potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. It works by using the property that potential across any portion of a resistive wire is directly proportional to its length. The potentiometer consists of a long resistive wire connected to a known voltage source, and a wiper that can be moved along the wire. By measuring the potential difference between the wiper and another point, the position of the wiper can be determined, allowing the potentiometer to be used for applications like controlling audio volume or brightness. Potentiometers can be either rotary types that are adjusted via a rotating shaft or knob, or linear types that use a sliding wiper

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    What is potentiometer?

    Potentiometer working can be explained when the potentiometer is understood. It is defined as a


    three-terminal resistor having either sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage
    divider. In order to use the potentiometer as a rheostat or variable resistor, it should have only two
    terminals with one end and the wiper.
    Following are the terms used to describe types of potentiometers:

     Slider pot or slide pot: This can be adjusted by sliding the wiper right or left with a finger or
    thumb.
     Thumbwheel pot or thumb pot: This can be adjusted infrequently with the help of small
    thumbwheel which is a small rotating potentiometer.
     Trimmer pot or trimpot: This can be adjusted once for fine tuning of an electric signal.

    Potentiometer working principle


    The potentiometer consists of L which is a long resistive wire and a battery of known EMF V whose
    voltage is known as driver cell voltage. Assume a primary circuit arrangement by connecting the two
    ends of L to the battery terminals. One end of the primary circuit is connected to the cell whose EMF
    E is to be measured and the other end is connected to galvanometer G.This circuit is assumed to be
    a secondary circuit.

    The working principle depends on the potential across any portion of the wire which is directly
    proportional to the length of the wire that has a uniform cross-sectional area and current flow is
    constant. Following is the derivation of used to explain the potentiometer working principle:

    V=IR (Ohm’s law)


    Where,
    I: current
    R: total resistance
    V: voltage

    R=ρLA
    V=IρLA
    Where,
    ⍴: resistivity
    A: cross-sectional area
    With ⍴ and A constant, I is constant too for a rheostat.

    LρA=K
    V=KL
    E=LρxA=Kx
    Where,
    x: length of potentiometer wire
    E: cell with Lower EMF
    K: constant
    The galvanometer G has null detection as the potential difference is equal to zero and there is no
    flow of current. So, x is the length of the null point. Unknown EMF can be found by knowing x and K.

    E=LρxA=Kx
    Since the EMF has two cells, let L1 be the null point length of the first cell with EMF E1 and L2 be
    the null point length of the second cell with EMF E2.

    E1E2=L1L2

    Types of potentiometer
    There are basically two types of potentiometers that can be further divided depending on the
    movement of the wiper. Following is the table when the wiper is moving in a circular path which is
    known as rotary potentiometers

    Type Description Applications

    Concentric Two potentiometers are adjusted individually Found in old car radios that were used to
    pot with the help of concentric shafts control volume and tone

    Single-turn Approximate rotation is 270 degrees in a single Used where a single turn is enough to
    pot rotation control the resolution

    Servo pot Used to adjust a servo motor automatically Used in remote-controls to control the
    volume of an audio equipment
    Following is the table when the wiper is moving along a linear path which is known as linear
    potentiometers

    Type Description Applications


    Multi-turn A spindle is used for the construction of this kind of Used where high precision and
    slide potentiometer resolutions are required

    Slide pot High-quality faders are constructed using conductive Used for the measurement of distance
    plastic

    Dual-slide This is used to control dual slide and single slider Used where dual parallel channels
    pot potentiometers that are parallel are to be controlled

    Application of potentiometer
     Audio control: Both linear, as well as rotary potentiometers, are used to control audio
    equipment for changing the loudness and other audio related signals.
     Television: They are used to control the picture brightness, color response and contrast.
     Motion control: In order to create a closed-loop control, potentiometers are used as position
    feedback devices known as a servomechanism.
     Transducers: As these give large output signals, they find applications in designing of
    displacement transducers.

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