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    Interpret Graphs: - Position Versus Time, X (T) Versus T

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    Alethea Lang
    1) The document discusses interpreting position vs time and velocity vs time graphs, and how to determine displacement from a velocity vs time graph by calculating the total area under the graph. 2) It explains the differences between displacement (change in position regardless of path) and distance traveled (actual path length), and that displacement is a vector that includes direction while speed is a scalar. 3) Key equations of motion are presented for problems involving constant acceleration, including relationships between initial/final velocities, acceleration, time, and displacement.

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    Interpret Graphs: - Position Versus Time, X (T) Versus T

    Uploaded by

    Alethea Lang
    32 views10 pages
    1) The document discusses interpreting position vs time and velocity vs time graphs, and how to determine displacement from a velocity vs time graph by calculating the total area under the graph. 2) It explains the differences between displacement (change in position regardless of path) and distance traveled (actual path length), and that displacement is a vector that includes direction while speed is a scalar. 3) Key equations of motion are presented for problems involving constant acceleration, including relationships between initial/final velocities, acceleration, time, and displacement.

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    Kinema Tics

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    1) The document discusses interpreting position vs time and velocity vs time graphs, and how to determine displacement from a velocity vs time graph by calculating the total area under the graph. 2) It explains the differences between displacement (change in position regardless of path) and distance traveled (actual path length), and that displacement is a vector that includes direction while speed is a scalar. 3) Key equations of motion are presented for problems involving constant acceleration, including relationships between initial/final velocities, acceleration, time, and displacement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views10 pages

    Interpret Graphs: - Position Versus Time, X (T) Versus T

    Uploaded by

    Alethea Lang
    1) The document discusses interpreting position vs time and velocity vs time graphs, and how to determine displacement from a velocity vs time graph by calculating the total area under the graph. 2) It explains the differences between displacement (change in position regardless of path) and distance traveled (actual path length), and that displacement is a vector that includes direction while speed is a scalar. 3) Key equations of motion are presented for problems involving constant acceleration, including relationships between initial/final velocities, acceleration, time, and displacement.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    • Interpret graphs

    – position versus time, x(t) versus t


    • (slope = velocity!)

    • Interpret graphs
    – velocity versus time, v(t) versus t
    • Slope = acceleration!

    VELOCITY VS. TIME GRAPH TO DETERMINE DISPLACEMENT

    By solving the Total Area under the Graph in V versus Time Graph
    Displacement vs. Distance

    • Displacement (blue line) = how far the object


    is from its starting point, regardless of path
    • Distance traveled (dashed line) is measured
    along the actual path.
    Displacement vs. Distance

    Displacement is written:
    •SIGN matters! Direction matters!
    • It is a VECTOR!!

    Displacement is negative =>

    <= Positive displacement


    Speed vs. Velocity

    Speed is how far an object travels in a given time


    interval (in any direction)
    Speed vs. Velocity

    Velocity includes directional information:


    VECTOR!
    EXAMPLE OF INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY
    The position of a particle moving along x is given by x(t) = 3.0t + 0.5t3 with time in
    seconds and position x in m.
    A. Find the Instantaneous velocity at 2.0 s.
    B. Calculate the average velocity between 1.0 s to 3.0 s.
    SOLUTION: x(t) = 3.0t + 0.5t3 @ t = 1.0 s
    = 3.0 (1.0) + 0.5 (1.0) 3
    A. We can calculate the instantaneous velocity at a
    = 3.5 m
    specific time by taking the derivative of the position
    x(t) = 3.0t + 0.5t3 @ t = 3.0 s
    function, which gives us the functional form of
    = 3.0(3) + 0.5(3)3
    instantaneous velocity v(t).
    = 22.5 m
    x(t) = 3.0t + 0.5t3 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑖
    From the formula: V ave =
    V(t) = 3.0 + 1.5 t2 @ t = 2.0 s 𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡𝑖
    𝟐𝟐.𝟓 𝒎 − 𝟑.𝟓 𝒎
    V(t) = 3.0 + 1.5 (2.0) 2 =
    𝟑.𝟎 𝒔 −𝟏.𝟎 𝒔
    V(t) = 9 m/s = 9.5 m/s
    B. To determine the average velocity of the particle The average velocity between 1.0 s to 3.0 s is 9.5
    between 1.0 s and 3.0 s, we calculate the values of m/s.
    x(1.0 s) and x(3.0 s):
    The equations of motion with constant acceleration
    Equation of Motion Variables Present

    𝑣2 = 𝑣1 + 𝑎 ∆𝑡 • Initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, time

    1 2
    • Displacement (x – x0), initial velocity, time,
    ∆𝑑 = ∆𝑡 𝑣1 + 𝑎 ∆𝑡
    2 acceleration
    𝑣1 +𝑣2 ∆𝑡 • Displacement, initial velocity, final velocity,
    ∆𝑑 =
    2 time

    𝑣2 2 = 𝑣1 2 + 2𝑎 ∆𝑑 • Initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration,


    displacement
    A motorcycle has a constant acceleration of 2.5 m/s2. Both the velocity and acceleration of the motorcycle point in the
    same direction. How much time is required for the motorcycle to change its speed from (a) 21 to 31 m/s, and (b) And if
    the motorcycle change its speed from 51 to 61 m/s?
    Given:
    a = 2.5 m/s2
    Required:
    a. time is required for the motorcycle to change its speed from 21 to 31 m/s
    b. time is required if the motorcycle change its speed from 51 to 61 m/s?
    Solution:
    a. time is required for the motorcycle to b. time is required if the motorcycle
    change its speed from 21 to 31 m/s change its speed from 51 to 61 m/s?

    USING THE EQUATION: 𝑣2 = 𝑣1 + 𝑎 ∆𝑡


    𝑣2 = 𝑣1 + 𝑎 ∆𝑡
    61 = 51 + (2.5) ∆𝑡

    31 = 21 + (2.5) ∆𝑡
    ∆𝑡 = 4 s
    ∆𝑡 = 4 s
    A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21 seconds for a distance of 110 m. Determine the
    acceleration of the car.
    Given:
    t = 5.21 s vo = 0 m/s
    d = 110 m
    Required:
    a=?
    Solution:
    1 2
    ∆𝑑 = ∆𝑡 𝑣1 + 𝑎 ∆𝑡
    2
    1 2
    110 = (5.21𝑠)(0 𝑚/𝑠) + (𝑎) 5.21
    2

    a = 8.10 m/s2
    A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds. Determine the acceleration of the car and
    the distance traveled.
    Given:
    t = 2.47 s v1 = 18.5 m/s
    v2 = 46.1 m/s
    Required:
    a=? d=?
    Solution:
    𝑣2 = 𝑣1 + 𝑎 ∆𝑡 𝑣1 +𝑣2 ∆𝑡
    ∆𝑑 =
    2
    46.1 m/s = 18.5 m/s + (𝑎) 2.47𝑠 18.5 + 46.1 2.47
    ∆𝑑 =
    2
    a = 11.2 m/s2
    ∆𝑑 = 79.78 𝑚
    or
    1 2
    ∆𝑑 = ∆𝑡 𝑣1 + 𝑎 ∆𝑡
    2
    1 2
    ∆𝑑 = (2.47)(18.5) + (11.2) 2.47
    2

    ∆𝑑 = 79.86 𝑚

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